]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. AcidType-Lewis An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair acceptors. Lewis acid Lewis acids polyprotic acid The collection of polyprotic acids and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The instances of this collection are all types of acids whose instances contain at least 2 hydrogen atoms per molecule that are susceptible to dissociation in aqueous solution. AcidType-Polyprotic The collection of weak acid types and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The instances of the instances of this collection only partly dissociate in water. weak acid AcidType-Weak AcidType-Bronsted-Lowry Broensted-Lowry acid An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rytfWjPNRQdaeT5bz7i0SFg" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Bronsted_Lowry</a> is a type of substance, instances of which can donate a proton to another substance in a chemical reaction. AcidType-Oxyacid The collection of oxyacids and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The instances of this collection are substances that are acids and contain at least one O-H bond and possibly additional <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> atoms. acid type oxyacid amphoteric substance A specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> that are instances of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a>. AmphotericSubstanceType member of { Lewis acids, Lewis bases } (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet AcidType-Lewis BaseType-Lewis))

conjugate acid of HSO4(-) (ConjugateAcidOfBaseFn (ChemicalSubstanceFn BisulfateIon))

boron fluoride BoronTriflouride A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2T0Z3idQQdeFvIkj3jfrww" class="cyc_term">BoronTriflouride</a> is a sample of BFl3.

BoronTrichloride A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rO1pHXidMQdeT36wV7RZ-IA" class="cyc_term">BoronTrichloride</a> is a sample of BCl3. boron chloride

conjugate acid of F(-) (ConjugateAcidOfBaseFn (ChemicalSubstanceFn FluorideIon))

methane Methane CH4. A combustible gas produced either synthetically or by decomposing plant and animal matter. The main component of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkASpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalGas</a>.

AcidType-Lewis An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair acceptors. Lewis acid chemical substance A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> whose instances are defined only by their chemical composition -- not by their physical state or any other property. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> can be of two varieties: (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements -- such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> -- which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a> (thus, the latter is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>), and (b) chemical compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Caffeine</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IronOxide</a>, which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXHLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAStuff</a>. Note that collections that are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., "penicillin" applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Penicillin</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients is not. Also, specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lemonade</a>, are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition. ChemicalSubstanceType The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection AcidType-Lewis An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair acceptors. Lewis acid Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType AcidType-Lewis An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair acceptors. Lewis acid