]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition noesis knowledge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition mental attitude A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2wb56Mb4EdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Cognition</a>. Each instance is a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways. Attitude A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event which is 'strictly mental' in the sense that if the event is instantiated by some physical situation, that instantiating situation is not essential to the event being an event of that type. For instance, perceiving an apple is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a> insofar as it essentially requires sense organs and an apple (and thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a>). However, the phenomenological aspects of this event, e.g., the experience of redness or roundness, do not require the sense organs or the apple, and it is conceivable that a disembodied mind could have such experiences. (Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHB_DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExperiencingPerception</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a>.) <p/> Note that the property defining this collection is primitive and notoriously difficult to define, except via examples. If an event is not clearly an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHB_DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExperiencingPerception</a>, entertaining a thought (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thinking</a>), or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_cHGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExperiencingEmotion</a>, or fully decomposable into a collection of such events, then one should be very careful about making it in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a>. cognitive process StrictlyMentalEvent A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent partially mental event A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a> is an event involving the mental functions of a participant or group of participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) in that event. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building something, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection, so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. In entering knowledge, it is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkjZ1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StrictlyMentalEvent</a> or one of its specializations. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU3lVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulMentalActivity</a>. A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvduFtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalState</a>. Each instance is the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning. cognition Cognition