]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. employee computer activity type EmployeeComputerActivityType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a>. Each instance of this (second-order) collection is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> all of whose instances are a particular and distinct type of computer-involving activity which is typically performed by employees as part of their work duties. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstM0daEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra59ZgACDEdeEDgCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">PreparingPresentationSlides</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a> which are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r41GBACfpQdePaar6Yq-hJg" class="cyc_term">EmployeeComputerActivityType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6hdz8bxBEdaD8QCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">InterfacingBetweenComputerDeviceAndOS</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfPj0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomecamBroadcasting</a>. Activities such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjMHfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ModifyingAFile</a>, though often performed by employees, are assumed to be too fine-grained and not distinct enough to warrant inclusion in this collection. employee computer activity types posting PostingToNewsgroup A collection of actions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8C5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneToManyCommunication</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1hHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostingToNewsgroup</a>, an agent causes the generation of a new <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9-EFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetNewsgroupMessage</a> - by causing a message to be sent out as one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6HodJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">episodes</a> of a newsgroup. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrPax5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DataSending</a>. Each instance of this collection is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> in which data is accessed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaeFVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DVD_Disk</a>, perhaps also interacting with a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTZ4RJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DVDPlayer</a> device, and sent to some output device. accessing data on DVD AccessingData-DVD A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6aZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDataSearching</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnULpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetSearching</a> is an event in which a computer is used to search for information on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. The desired information may be sought by browsing, or by using search engines (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3mbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SearchEngine</a>) or Information Retrieval systems, or by invoking other 'machine agents' to find the information. The information sources are presumed to be distributed among computers on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> distant from the computer interface used by the searcher. InternetSearching search detecting network intrusion DetectingNetworkIntrusion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHhMhVswIQdaX5pZzXP2B-w" class="cyc_term">GuardingSomething</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVujC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BecomingAwareOfAnEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event that involves scanning computer networks and finding signs of unauthorised intrusion. These days, this is often done with the help of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRcdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrusionDetectionProgram</a>. humanly initiated eliminating a computer virus (HumanInitiatedFn EliminatingAComputerVirus) A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWQvo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationRemoving</a>. Each instance of this collection involves deliberately removing a computer virus from some information storage device via the use of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv09DY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntiVirusProgram</a>. accessing CD-ROM data AccessingCDROMData An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r41GBACfpQdePaar6Yq-hJg" class="cyc_term">EmployeeComputerActivityType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrPax5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DataSending</a>. This is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s in which data is accessed from a CD through a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CD_ROMDriver</a> and sent to some output device. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which someone enters information into some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> by means of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadsheetProgram</a>. EnteringInfoIntoSpreadSheet entering information into spreadsheet (HumanInitiatedFn PortScan) humanly initiated port scans EnteringInfoIntoDatabase A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which someone enters information into some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a> by means of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpSND0QrSEdaQqAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">DatabaseProgram</a>. entering information into database CBT ComputerBasedTraining A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV9B6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Training</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is a training event in which the primary instructional content, practice exercises, evaluations, etc., are contained in computer files and accessed via computer. There may or may not be a 'live' instructor and/or other 'off-line' aspects of the training as well. LoggingInRemotely A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5XTApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectingToAComputerNetwork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra6BD4ACDEdeEDgCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">LoggingInRemotely</a> is the collection of events where a person logs in to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9Or85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAccount</a> from a remote location. logging-in remotely A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZB-XZvf5QdaebI_Ld0RWew" class="cyc_term">WebBrowsing</a> is an event in which an agent uses a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWN8eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebClientProgram</a> to browse (or 'surf') the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. WebBrowsing web browsing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrPax5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DataSending</a>. Each instance of this collection is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> in which data is accessed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXVXWeCjFQdeEcJXnbqysIA" class="cyc_term">MP3FileCopy</a> and sent to some output device. AccessingData-MP3 accessing data on MP3 EMailCommunication A specialization of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUz5JZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicatingByMeansOfFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstM0daEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> is an event in which an e-mail message is successfully sent and received. Thus every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstM0daEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> has as sub-events both at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdMvgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailSending</a> and at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_55X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailReceiving</a>. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstNEdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SingleEMailCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstNUdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MassEMailCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstNkdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailMailingListCommunication</a>. e-mail communication A collection of actions done by computers on files and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzyGRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopyingAComputerFile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationRecordingProcess</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra59ZgQCDEdeEDgCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">BurningACompactDisk</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPCWLlMBeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">CDCreatingProgram</a> transfers computer files to a compact disc. burning a compact disk BurningACompactDisk A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbPbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MassCommunicating</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a>. In every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvztgHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetBroadcasting</a>, information is transmitted via the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> and aimed at a great many agents. For example, an internet transmission of footage of court testimony aimed at the general public is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvztgHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetBroadcasting</a>. A private email message is not. internet broadcast InternetBroadcasting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. In each instance of this collection a hard drive disk is partitioned: divided into sections that may implement different file formats (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnlFSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileTypeByFormat</a>). PartitioningADisk partitioning a disk DebuggingAComputerProgram A collection of events, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViT1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SimpleRepairing</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event, a computer program is tested, analyzed, and modified (perhaps repeatedly) in order to remove unwanted features, restore intended functionality, etc. This is more of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> than a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> (i.e., more substance-like than object-like), since each `portion' of the total <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event is itself a small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event. debugging AccessingAComputerAccount accessing a computer account A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAupEguX3QdabCOR1il2XMg" class="cyc_term">AccessingAComputerAccount</a> is an event in which an agent accesses a computer account, usually by getting a process to run with the privileges of the account. Typically, this is done by logging in to an account by entering a username and password when prompted (see, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LoggingInOnAComputer</a>), but it can be done in less forthright ways via security holes. computer programming ProgrammingAComputer A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> programs some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> by physically typing a copy of the program into it. For particularly clever or expert programming feats, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hacking</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raFuCvmajEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">WritingAComputerProgram</a> -- the collection of events in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> creates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> (of course many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raFuCvmajEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">WritingAComputerProgram</a> will also be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProgrammingAComputer</a>). DiagnosingComputerHardwareOrSoftware A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diagnosing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an action of diagnosing (identifying problems which afflict) computer hardware (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a>) or software (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>). diagnosing computer hardware or software hardening a website A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectingSomething</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7AC_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardeningAWebsite</a>, some instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz7_25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a> is protected against instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9Pxq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation_DefacingAWebsite</a>. HardeningAWebsite PuttingUpAWebsite A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a> in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz7_25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a> is information added to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. putting up a website InitializationOfProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is initialized (set up and run for the first time). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvx5SBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InitializationOfProgramFn</a>. initializing a program preparing presentation slides PreparingPresentationSlides (HumanInitiatedFn ComputerNetworkTrafficMonitoring) humanly initiated computer network traffic monitoring InstallingAProgramCopy installing software <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVFy3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InstallingAProgramCopy</a> is the collection of all events in which software is installed on an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. online chat A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>, Each instance of this collection is an online conversation between two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s logged in remotely to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. The program sends each participant's utterances more-or-less in real time in the order in which they were received to all clients connected to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. Typically, a user's utterance is identified by their username or graphical 'avatar'. OnlineChat MaintainingAWebsite website maintenance A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaintainingSomething</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. In each instance of this collection, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz7_25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a> is maintained (maintenance is performed on a website). EditingAnElectronicDocument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhMJY9l25QdifMo3WuHtr-g" class="cyc_term">EditingAnElectronicDocument</a> is an event in which an agent uses a computer to edit an electronic document, such as a text file (e.g., via word processing -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r89DOBxpNEdaPTAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">WordProcessingProgram</a>), a PowerPoint presentation, or a spreadsheet. computer editing employee computer activity type EmployeeComputerActivityType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a>. Each instance of this (second-order) collection is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> all of whose instances are a particular and distinct type of computer-involving activity which is typically performed by employees as part of their work duties. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstM0daEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra59ZgACDEdeEDgCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">PreparingPresentationSlides</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a> which are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r41GBACfpQdePaar6Yq-hJg" class="cyc_term">EmployeeComputerActivityType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6hdz8bxBEdaD8QCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">InterfacingBetweenComputerDeviceAndOS</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfPj0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomecamBroadcasting</a>. Activities such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjMHfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ModifyingAFile</a>, though often performed by employees, are assumed to be too fine-grained and not distinct enough to warrant inclusion in this collection. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection ComputerActivityType An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>. Each instance of this (second-order) collection is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> all of whose instances are a particular and distinct type of activity. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdMvgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailSending</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BootingAComputer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm2Dx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OnlineChat</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv-fq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation</a> is not an instance as it is not distinct enough. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzTVp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnteringAComputerPassword</a> is an instance, but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOH4i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnteringADomainAdministratorPassword</a> is not as it is too specific. This collection is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> because it is assumed that computer-related activities are analysed fine-grainedly enough that if a putative instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> would fall under two sibling <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a>s, it should be analysed as two events. computer activity type Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString employee computer activity type EmployeeComputerActivityType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a>. Each instance of this (second-order) collection is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> all of whose instances are a particular and distinct type of computer-involving activity which is typically performed by employees as part of their work duties. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotstM0daEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EMailCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ra59ZgACDEdeEDgCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">PreparingPresentationSlides</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a> which are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r41GBACfpQdePaar6Yq-hJg" class="cyc_term">EmployeeComputerActivityType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6hdz8bxBEdaD8QCgyeeBIg" class="cyc_term">InterfacingBetweenComputerDeviceAndOS</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfPj0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomecamBroadcasting</a>. Activities such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjMHfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ModifyingAFile</a>, though often performed by employees, are assumed to be too fine-grained and not distinct enough to warrant inclusion in this collection.