]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. elements and atoms chemistry topic ElementsAndAtoms-Chemistry-Topic atomic nucleus AtomicNucleus A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MicroscopicScaleObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomicNucleus</a> is an object composed of some definite number of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proton</a> and some definite number of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neutron</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> has exactly one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomicNucleus</a> as a part. atomicNumber This predicate relates an atomic number to an element. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">atomicNumber</a> ELEMENT INT) means that ELEMENT, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a>, has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVie2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PositiveInteger</a> INT for its atomic number. This means that any instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzyhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomFn</a> ELEMENT) must have INT many protons (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proton</a>) in its atomic nucleus (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomicNucleus</a>). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQ3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">atomicNumber</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a> 6) means that every instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzyhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>) has six protons in its nucleus. atomic number An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a> is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element. That is, every atom in a given piece of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a> has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus. For example, all pieces of carbon (i.e. all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a>. On the other hand, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, because they are all constituted of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> atoms, do not belong to the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a>. stuff composed entirely of one element ElementStuff element A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_dK_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a> which is defined only by the atomic composition of its instances -- neither the isotopic composition or physical state of the substances, nor any other additional feature, determines membership in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a>. All that matters is that the instances of that collection are entirely composed of atoms having a particular number of protons in each atomic nucleus. Thus, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a>, but neither the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a> nor the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5xpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Graphite</a> is (even though they are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>), because their members have additional qualifications. ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons Atom atom A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> is a microscopic-scale object with exactly one atomic nucleus (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomicNucleus</a>) and some number of electrons (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViB05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electron</a>). A typical instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> has no net charge, i.e., it has as many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViB05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electron</a> as it does of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proton</a>. For the collection of atoms that do have non-zero charges, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcZxrqookEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MonoatomicIon</a>. Chemistry-Topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQs25V2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Chemistry_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of chemistry. chemistry-topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ElementsAndAtoms-Chemistry-Topic elements and atoms chemistry topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ElementsAndAtoms-Chemistry-Topic elements and atoms chemistry topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ElementsAndAtoms-Chemistry-Topic elements and atoms chemistry topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic