]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. scalar intervals quantity topic ScalarIntervals-Quantity-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rygxStLLcQdecMqyUNVYD1g" class="cyc_term">TangiblePhysicalQuantity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Temperature</a> is a degree of "hotness" -- or, more precisely, the potential for heat transfer -- that some tangible thing might have. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Temperature</a> might be either a fixed point-value, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfTemperature</a>), or a range, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanHabitableTemperature</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TooHotToTouch</a>. temperature Temperature type of mutually disjoint collection of temporal objects MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType A collection of collections of collections of time-intervals. Each instance INTTYPETYPE of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgER1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType</a> is a collection of interval-types INTTYPE(1), ..., INTTYPE(n) whose own instances are mutually temporally disjoint, in the sense that no instance of INTTYPE(i) temporally intersects any instance of INTTYPE(j) (for 1 <= i <= n; 1 <= j <= n; i =/ j). For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DayOfWeekType</a> (whose instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjW85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monday</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tuesday</a>, etc.) is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgER1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType</a>, as no monday temporally intersects any tuesday or wednesday or ..., no tuesday temporally intersects any monday or wednesday or ..., and so on. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgER1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollectionType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgET9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyclicalSuccessiveIntervalGroupType</a> (q.v.), each of whose instances is such that _its_ instances recur in a cyclic pattern that covers all of time. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DayOfWeekType</a> is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgET9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyclicalSuccessiveIntervalGroupType</a>.) See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgETA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporallyDisjointTemporalObjectType</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">altitudeAboveSeaLevel</a>, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfM4aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance_Absolute</a> for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzXP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC</a> or the altitude of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadSea</a>, or a range, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WithinAudibleDistance</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> for more explanation). See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfDistance</a> for the units used by Cyc to measure distances. Distance distance RateOfRotation rate of rotation A collection of scalar rates of rotation. magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of #$AttributeValue (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>. Area area A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Area</a> is an amount of two-dimensional space. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Area</a> may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> is a physical quantity, corresponding to a certain "amount of time", that can be possessed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>s. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> had by a given thing represents the total amount of time that the thing exists, occurs over, or endures; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">duration</a>. Consider a sentence of the form (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">duration</a> TEMPTHING TIMEQUANT). If TEMPTHING is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>, the sentence means that TEMPTHING exists for a lifetime that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>, the sentence means that TEMPTHING (fully) transpires over an interval of time that is TIMEQUANT in duration. If TEMPTHING is itself a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> (q.v.), the sentence means that TEMPTHING has a duration of TIMEQUANT. The standard unit of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in Cyc is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecondsDuration</a> (q.v.); but there are other ways to specify an amount of time, e.g. with other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMeasure</a> (such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeeksDuration</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearsDuration</a>) or with instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> (such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LongTime</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Immediately</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDecadesDuration</a>). Time-Quantity time A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhFtvNGqnQdeLusO9k_GjYA" class="cyc_term">RatioQuantity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rate</a> is a multi-dimensional quantity made up of some quantity (e.g. distance traveled or money spent), taken with respect to -- i.e. divided by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuotientFn</a>) -- a quantity of time (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a> (e.g. 55 mph), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj61JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frequency</a> (e.g. 55 kHz), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryRate</a> (e.g. 55 cents per minute). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfRate</a>, the collection of functions used to measure rates (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DollarsPerYear</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetersPerSecond</a>). rate Rate frequency Frequency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj61JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frequency</a> is the number of times something happens during some time interval. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj61JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frequency</a> may be either single values (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a>), such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range of values, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViryZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rarely</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj61JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frequency</a> are important in the characterization of types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCA9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. scalar value A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a> is a specific number or quantity, as opposed to a range of numbers or quantities (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLOwZCvkjQdea-sfI2QK3kQ" class="cyc_term">ScalarProperInterval</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a> include all reals numbers and other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxwC-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Number_General</a>s (q.v.), as well as specific instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> such as (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 3) and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecondsDuration</a> 10). ScalarPointValue (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maxQuantValue</a> SCALAR POINT) means that the upper limit of the quantity SCALAR is POINT, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a>. SCALAR is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>. For example, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maxQuantValue</a> for the pay of mail room employees might be (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DollarsPerHour</a> 6.5); e.g., (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maxQuantValue</a> `MailPay' (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DollarsPerHour</a> 6.5)). Another example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maxQuantValue</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Unity</a> 5 10) 10). maxQuantValue Max Quant Value angular acceleration rate AngularAccelerationRate A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AngularAccelerationRate</a> is a rate at which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RateOfRotation</a> (q.v.) of some object changes. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a> may be either a fixed interval, such as two kilograms, or a range, such as a legal load for a certain type of trailer. The more mass an object has, the greater is the force required to accelerate it. Mass weight Acceleration acceleration Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time. It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond. electrical charge ElectricalCharge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalCharge</a> is an amount of net electrical charge (positive or negative) possessed by a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalCharge</a> may be either a fixed interval, such as the charge on one electron, or a range, such as a usable charge on a flashlight battery; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfCharge</a> for the units used by Cyc to measure electrical charges. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>. Each instance of this collection is a value by means of which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., are measured. Each instance of this collection is thus an abstract object, not to be confused with the physical objects used as legal tender. For those, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>, though it is worth noting that each coin, bill, etc. that is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>, is typically _stably associated with_ some particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a>. Nor is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> to be confused with the many and varied social practices (such as a backed claim for a certain amount of physical wealth payable by the government on demand), which create money qua social institution and underpin all financial transactions. For that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnPC0bnf6EdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">Money_DevisedPractice</a>. Since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> are not pure numbers but quantities of some particular currency, they are denoted by means of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMoney</a>. Each instance of this collection is a function which (like many Cyc functions which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMeasure</a>) either takes one argument and returns a fixed amount of money, e.g. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dollar_Australia</a> 4) or takes two arguments and returns a range, e.g. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shilling_Uganda</a> 2 2000). Since currencies may appreciate or depreciate in value over time, and this information is sometimes relevant, it is possible to index instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMoney</a> temporally by means of further functions. For example, ((<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4MwxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">USDollarFn</a> 1997) 2) denotes the monetary value of 2 US dollars in the year 1997. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTransfer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYK1JMngNEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">monetaryValueOfThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cost</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">basicPrice</a>. monetary value MonetaryValue ScalarInterval quantity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TupleOfIntervals</a> (q.v.). Roughly put, this is the collection of all things that can be ranked according to some one-dimensional scale. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> are numbers or quantities possessing only sign and magnitude. They are construed as one-tuples (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj42JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tuple</a>) of intervals. They are to be contrasted with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VectorInterval</a>s (q.v.), which possess a direction as well as a magnitude, and are construed as two-membered tuples of intervals. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> is partitioned into the two collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnVZQSiCmEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">NumericInterval</a> (which is the collection of numbers and number-ranges of all kinds) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> (qq.v). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> is usually specified with a numeric-interval, as with (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 3)), but it might also be given in a generically-ranked way, as with (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HighAmountFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1AJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Happiness</a>); see the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr-2NGp7sQdidoL5VyxYMGg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkmGj_Bv1EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">NonNumericScalarQuantity</a>. The magnitude of a scalar might be given by a specific number (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a>) or by a proper range of numbers (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLOwZCvkjQdea-sfI2QK3kQ" class="cyc_term">ScalarProperInterval</a>). Note that the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjarZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MathematicalFunctionOnScalars</a> (q.v.), which include artithmetic functions such as addition (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViArpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlusFn</a>) and division (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuotientFn</a>), are defined broadly so as to apply not only to numbers, but to (numerically-measured) scalar intervals generally. Thus (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViArpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlusFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 3) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 5)) is equal to (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 8). Speed speed A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a> is a rate of change in position (e.g., of a spatially localized thing, such as a physical object or a wave front). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a> include (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilesPerHour</a> 65) and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mach_UnitOfSpeed</a> 2). Volume volume A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVja4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DerivedMeasurableQuantityType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_aqZQqCIQdiWd7PqZUFDtQ" class="cyc_term">CubicQuantity</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volume</a> is an amount of three-dimensional space; it might be either a specific amount (such as the volume of a five-gallon aquarium) or a range of amounts (such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetSized</a>). MeasurableScalarIntervalType type of measurable scalar interval A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r91ZApkTvEdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">TotallyOrderedScalarIntervalType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MeasurableScalarIntervalType</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>s that are quantifiable; i.e. they are either purely numeric (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnVZQSiCmEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">NumericInterval</a>) or quantities that can be assigned a numeric value (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr-2NGp7sQdidoL5VyxYMGg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantity</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MeasurableScalarIntervalType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProbabilityInterval</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RateOfRotation</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDcy85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntegerTypeByRange</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlsKf-MukQdiEYr6WbI2G4Q" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantityType</a>. minQuantValue A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxm5vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">scalarBounds</a> (q.v.) that relates a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> (q.v.) to the minimum <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a> (q.v.) it subsumes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhjmk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quantitySubsumes</a>). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">minQuantValue</a> SCALAR POINT)</code> means that the lower limit of <code>SCALAR</code> is <code>POINT</code>. For example, if all mailroom employees earned from five to eight dollars per hour, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">minQuantValue</a> "MailroomPayRange" (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DollarsPerHour</a> 5))</code> would hold. Other examples: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">minQuantValue</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3VJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mile</a> 15 20) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3VJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mile</a> 15)) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">minQuantValue</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Unity</a> 6 12) 6). </pre> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">maxQuantValue</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbhyG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pointQuantValue</a>. Min Quant Value scalar intervals quantity topic ScalarIntervals-Quantity-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. Quantity-Topic quantity-topic scalar intervals quantity topic ScalarIntervals-Quantity-Topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic