]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Sensors-Perception-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. sensors-perception-topic (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">hears</a> AGT OBJ) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> AGT perceives sounds emananating from or as the result of OBJ. Events such as the shooting of a gun and tangible objects such as telephones are things which can emit audible sound and thus be perceived auditorily. Hears hears sees sight (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">sees</a> AGENT OBJECT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> AGENT perceives the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJECT via the sense of sight. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">sees</a> AGENT OBJECT) implies that AGENT is sensuously aware of at least some of OBJECT's visible properties, such as its color, shape, or texture. The collection of sensory <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">hears</a> something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjASJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ListeningDeliberately</a>, the subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hearing</a> events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to. Hearing hearing visual perception VisualPerception A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualPerception</a> is an event in which an agent (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> (q.v.)) sees something by means of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViel5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor</a> (usually, the agent's own <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eye</a>s) detecting wavelengths of visible light. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sensor</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VibrationThroughAMediumSensor</a> operates by detecting or reacting to the amplitude and frequency of vibrations that travel to it through a physical medium. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ear</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Skin</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1hxc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SONAR_Device</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microphone</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eye</a>s are _not_ <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VibrationThroughAMediumSensor</a>s because electromagnetic wave propagation does not require a physical medium (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViel5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor</a>). VibrationThroughAMediumSensor vibration sensor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvneYtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving_Voluntary</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForSomething</a> is an event in which an agent searches for some object. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForSomething</a> includes cases in which the search is successful, and the object is found, as well as cases in which the search is unsuccessful, and the object is not found. LookingForSomething searching detector The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information. Note: If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity. E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc. In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, `well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors. Sensor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perceives</a> AGENT OBJECT) means that AGENT is perceiving OBJECT. That is, AGENT is consciously aware of the presence of OBJECT via the functioning of at least one of her/his/its senses (e.g. sight, hearing, smell, etc). Precisely which tangible features of OBJECT AGENT apprehends depends in part on the sensory modality used (see the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perceives</a>). For example, if (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">sees</a> AGENT OBJECT) then AGENT is aware of certain visible features of OBJECT (such as color or shape), whereas if (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> AGENT OBJECT) then AGENT apprehends certain aromatic features of OBJECT (such as its wearing L'air Du Temps perfume). Only tangible objects and situations involving such objects (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzSt55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">situationConstituents</a>) -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>s, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>s (which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s involving partially tangibles) -- can be perceived. perception of something perceives (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> AGENT OBJECT) means that AGENT perceives the physical object or event OBJECT via the sense of smell. This implies that OBJECT releases (or involves the release of) a scent (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rREKadnSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Odor</a>) of which AGENT is sensuously aware. In the situation described by "Joe smells the coffee brewing", both of the following are true: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> Joe Coffee01) and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> Joe CoffeeBrewingEvent09). smells smelling touch The collection of sensory-perceptual events (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s) in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> perceives (acquires information) by touch. TouchPerception A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sensor</a>, namely those sensors that detect <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectromagneticRadiation</a>. electromagnetic radiation sensor ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor echo location <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9V5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcholocationPerception</a> is the collection of spatial <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> (such as a bat or a submarine) generates sounds (potentially ultra- or sub- sonic in frequency), hears the sounds reflected from surfaces, and thereby acquires information about the position of other objects in its environment. EcholocationPerception Perceived Information A binary predicate that relates an act of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a> to any and all pieces of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>) that the perceiver is made aware of through and during that perceiving. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perceivedInformation</a> PERCEIVING INFO)</code> means that during <code>PERCEIVING</code> the subject acquires, or begins thinking about, some piece of information or informational thing <code>INFO</code>. For example, <code>INFO</code> might be a concept, a proposition, an abstract structure, or a fact about the world. perceivedInformation tactile sensor TactileSensor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sensor</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TactileSensor</a> is a sensor that operates by coming into physical contact with the object being perceived. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TactileSensor</a> are usually capable of perceiving properties such as texture, hardness, and roughness. tastes (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViynpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">tastes</a> AGENT THING) means that AGENT perceives the (partially) tangible object or physical event THING via the sense of taste. Perceptual agents can taste certain objects (such as lollipops) as well as, arguably, certain events (such as the "finish" of a wine). taste Perceiving perception A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvucXhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a> is an event in which an agent (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a>) acquires information through the exercise of its senses. The collection of sensory <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> something and thereby acquires information about it. olfaction SmellPerception (#$propositionsPerceived PERCEIVING PROP) means that in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a> event PERCEIVING, the perceiver mentally grasps the proposition(s) PROP. E.g., ten people witness a particular car crash, and yet each one gets their own particular set of propositions which they later can relate to the police; there are ten separate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in this case, and each one has its own unique set of #$propositionsPerceived. perceivedPropositions Perceived Propositions TastePerception tasting The collection of sensory <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViynpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">tastes</a> some object, by means of the appropriate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sensor</a>, and thereby acquires information about it. Sensors-Perception-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. sensors-perception-topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection perception-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFBF2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Perception_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of perception. Perception-Topic Sensors-Perception-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. sensors-perception-topic Sensors-Perception-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. sensors-perception-topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic