]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. Ailments-Topic ailments-topic A collection of events. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a> is an event in which an animal becomes injured. In such events, the animal which is hurt is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a> in the event. The condition which results of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a> would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWKT6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InjuryCondition</a> (q.v.). Also see the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. IncurringAnInjury getting hurt Infection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> is an ailment condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body. The microorganisms involved in an infection may be instances of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Virus</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Op5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bronchitis</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgETZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tonsillitis</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwcK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexuallyTransmittedInfection</a> (which has further specializations). infection cancer Cancer An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6WBtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiseaseType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a> may belong to any one of the many different types of disease that are studied and treated by oncologists. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a> are characterized by abnormal (and usually rapid) growth of cells in some organ or system of the body; these growths are then prone to dispersal (metastasis) into other body regions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3n95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CancerFn</a>. AilmentCondition The most general collection of ailment events; a subcollection of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6e0v8orZQdefvMXViCU3lw" class="cyc_term">DysfunctionalCondition</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment. The rationale for construing ailments in this way is the obvious fact that to have an ailment is to undergo an event: an individual ailment has temporal features, it progresses dynamically, and so on. It is not just a matter of being in some static state of "unwellness". Subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPCEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratoryAilment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr9o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeartCondition</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MotionSickness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1e1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poisoning</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWKT6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InjuryCondition</a>. If a particular person has an infection, that event is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> does not begin before there is an actual, developed sickness or impairment, and thus does not include the event of getting sick or becoming impaired. Also note that each type of ailment, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>, is the collection of all "cases" or "instances" of individuals suffering from that condition. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6WBtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiseaseType</a>. ailment condition allergic reaction AllergicReaction A collection of dynamic, physiological states. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AllergicReaction</a> is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance. Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Lz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoisonIvyPoisoning</a> in humans. But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin. This concept is the collection of events in which allergic reactions are `taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as `John is allergic to milk.' I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AllergicReaction</a>. A specialization of #$SystemCondition. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> involves an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> being in some physiological state that is not typical for that organism's species, modulo considerations about the organism's sex or (in some cases) subspecies. Thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Menstruating</a>, though not typical among all persons, is part of being a healthy adult female, and so is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> (though it is a type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalProcess</a>); <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1W35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pregnancy</a>, on the other hand, is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a>. Note that some but not all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a>s are events; but they are all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>s. Thus each physiological condition has a temporal start and end, though in some cases (e.g. dwarfism) these will be the same as the start and end of the life of the organism. PhysiologicalCondition medical condition type of infection InfectionType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1fRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectionType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCbwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BubonicPlague</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuhkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leprosy</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxt3dZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Herpes</a>. infectionCausedByOrganism This predicate relates a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> to an organism which causes that infection. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwUbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">infectionCausedByOrganism</a> INFECT ORG) means that the organism ORG is one of the causes of the infection INFECT. infecting organism carriesInfectionType Carries Infection Type The predicate (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">carriesInfectionType</a> OBJECT INFECT_TYPE) relates a particular organism or other object to a type of infection that it carries. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">carriesInfectionType</a> OBJ INFTYP) means that the individual OBJ is a carrier of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1fRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectionType</a> INFTYP. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">carriesInfectionType</a> TyphoidMary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TyphoidFever</a>) or (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">carriesInfectionType</a> Needle0567 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1LGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AIDS</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tumor</a> is an abnormal tissue mass found in an animal. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tumor</a> include both malignant (cancerous -- see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a>) and benign (non-cancerous) growths which have no normal physiological cause or function. Tumor tumor This predicate relates a particular case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> to the organism it is infecting. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwVQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">infectionHost</a> INF ORG) means that INF is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> in which the host organism is ORG. infectionHost host PsychologicalAilment mental health problem The collection of ailments that are classified as psychological due to their origin and/or manifestation in the mind of the sufferer rather than (or at least in addition to, and perhaps causing) manifestations in the sufferer's body. Having a brain tumor is not an instance of this collection, but imagining that you have one is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1baJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PsychologicalAilment</a> , and so is the deep case of depression you fall into once you believe (rightly or wrongly) that you have a brain tumor. Some subcollections of this collection are the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtbz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Phobia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1JFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Depression_PsychologicalCondition</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Vn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PanicAttack</a>. infection transmission InfectionTransmissionEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvx7NhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectingEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1T55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectionTransmissionEvent</a> is an event in which some infection is transmitted from one host to another (where both the old and new hosts are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ailments-topic Ailments-Topic GeneralMedicine-Topic general medicine topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ailments-topic Ailments-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. ailments-topic Ailments-Topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic