]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. SomeSampleKindsOfMammal-Biology-Topic some sample kinds of mammal biology topic

Horse The collection of all horses, of all breeds; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquineAnimal</a>. Horses may be domesticated (for riding, draught, racing or breeding) or wild; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwizZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DomesticatedAnimal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBTK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WildAnimal</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBg3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Horse</a> constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> (called Equus caballus). Horses can interbreed with donkeys to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_ApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Donkey</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mule</a>). horse

The collection of all mules; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquineAnimal</a>. Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mule</a> are the infertile hybrid offspring of a horse father and a donkey mother. Mules are presumed to be elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwizZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DomesticatedAnimal</a>, used for draught or riding. (An offspring of a donkey father and horse mother is called a jenny, and is recognizably distinct from the larger mule.) See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBg3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Horse</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_ApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Donkey</a>. mule Mule

whale The collection of all whales, including most types of cetacean. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Whale</a> is a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, including the largest mammals on Earth. Whale

canine A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarnivoreOrder</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanineAnimal</a> is a member of a dog-like species belonging to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarnivoreOrder</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanineAnimal</a> includes the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-h5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fox</a> (qq.v.). Canine animals constitute an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalFamily</a>, the Canidae. CanineAnimal

The collection of all wolves; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanineAnimal</a>. By default, members of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf</a> are elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBTK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WildAnimal</a>. Wolves are not included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf</a> does not correspond to any biological taxon. Note that members of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjs4hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf_Red</a> are included in this collection as well as members of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvs8vlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf_Gray</a>. wolf Wolf

A collection of animals including horses and species closely related to horses. Subsets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquineAnimal</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBg3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Horse</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_ApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Donkey</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Zebra</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mule</a>, among others. EquineAnimal equine

Donkey donkey The collection of all donkeys; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquineAnimal</a>. Also called burros, donkeys are slightly smaller than most horses. Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_ApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Donkey</a> may belong to either of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwizZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DomesticatedAnimal</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBTK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WildAnimal</a>. Domesticated donkeys are used for draught and riding. Donkeys can interbreed with horses to produce a nonfertile mule or a jenny (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBg3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Horse</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mule</a>).

zebra The collection of all zebras; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquineAnimal</a>. These black-and-white striped relatives of horses are native to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAfrica</a>. Zebras are almost impossible to tame, therefore by default they are elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBTK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WildAnimal</a>, although a few have been successfully domesticated and harnessed. Zebra

human A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViV15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomoGenus</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>: this is the species to which modern humans belong, though strictly speaking (and not entirely uncontroversially amongst paleontologists) they comprise only a subset of it (namely "homo sapiens sapiens"). The species also contains Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon sub-species (both now extinct). Given the evidence of sophisticated tool-use, burial practices etc. even amongst the latter two sub-species, this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveQoDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanBody</a>. HomoSapiens

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> (scientific name 'Canis familiaris') that is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanineAnimal</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is a canine animal that has either been bred to be a domestic pet (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwizZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DomesticatedAnimal</a>) or is a wild canine animal that is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-h5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fox</a>, or any other non-dog specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanineAnimal</a>. Note that although <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wolf</a> are considered distinct <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, instances of the two can and do interbreed successfully. This species classification is therefore unusual, and in some circles, controversial. Dog dog

duck-billed platypus The collection of all duck-billed platypi; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>. Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Platypus</a> are Australian monotreme mammals, the females of which order lay eggs and lactate over a broad chest area rather than through teats. They have broad leathery bills and webbed feet. They swim in streams and rivers and live in burrows. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Platypus</a> constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> (also called Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Platypus

An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalOrder</a>, and a sub-taxon of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNRjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eutheria</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Primate</a> has a relatively large brain case, an unfused radius and ulna in the forelimbs, an unfused tibia and fibula in the hind limbs, and opposable thumbs. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Primate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjs6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orangutan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gorilla</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Baboon</a>. Primate primate

SomeSampleKindsOfMammal-Biology-Topic some sample kinds of mammal biology topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection SomeSampleKindsOfMammal-Biology-Topic some sample kinds of mammal biology topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic biology-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQs2412xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Biology_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of biology. Biology-Topic