]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. BelievingThat A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4db3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntentionalMentalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9CGhSrAnEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">BelievingThat</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKYnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> in which an agent believes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>) that a certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> is true. believing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief believed will believe have believed had believed believes will have believed has believed believe A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9CGhSrAnEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">BelievingThat</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rF65Q5jsyEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">KnowingThat</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKYnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> in which an agent knows (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knows</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGaUomDsyEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">knownProp</a>) that a particular proposition is true. KnowingThat knowing that Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType A collection of mental states whose instances are characterized by intentionality: they are "of" or "about" some thing external to themselves. Propositional attitudes (as held by particular agents) are a common type of intentional mental state. Thus, believing that the Eiffel Tower is located in Paris is an intentional mental state that has the Eiffel Tower and the city of Paris (and arguably the located-in relation as well) as its objects. Any thing whatsoever can in principle be the object of an intentional mental state: I can have a belief (or doubt, wish, etc.) about a certain physical object, an event, a relation, an attribute, a proposition, a mental state (my own or another's), a set, a collection, or anything else. (Note that the above mentioned belief about the Eiffel Tower and Paris is arguably not itself about the _proposition_ that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris. But now note that my belief in the content of the sentence preceding this one clearly _is_, in part, about that proposition.) Mental states that are _not_ intentional, and thus not in this collection, include moods, such as being in a general state of happiness or depression. (These states are to be distinguished from an experience of feeling happy or depressed, which are mental _events_ rather than states. One can be in an uninterrupted state of depression for weeks, even though one doesn't feel depressed continuously throughout that time; e.g. one would not feel depressed while asleep.) Note that, although they are indirectly related, the sense of "intentional" described above is not to be confused with its other sense as an antonym of "accidental". See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv96N1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntentionalMentalEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNvQR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfMentalSituation</a>. IntentionalMentalState intentional mental state BelievingThat A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4db3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntentionalMentalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9CGhSrAnEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">BelievingThat</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKYnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> in which an agent believes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>) that a certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> is true. believing BelievingThat A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4db3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntentionalMentalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9CGhSrAnEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">BelievingThat</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKYnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> in which an agent believes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>) that a certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> is true. believing BelievingThat A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4db3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntentionalMentalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9CGhSrAnEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">BelievingThat</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuKYnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalSituation</a> in which an agent believes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>) that a certain <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> is true. believing