]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. PhysicalPrinciple rule http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity rules A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsak66gUwEdqAAAACs2IKaQ" class="cyc_term">Proposition_True</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a> is a relatively simple, universal, and true proposition which serves to explain some fundamental aspect of the functioning of the physical universe. <p/> Scientists discover instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a> by working to confirm hypotheses through successful and repeatable experimentation. Laws of nature are at once components of larger scientific theories (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuGJ3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScientificTheory</a>) and the subject matter of those theories. Scientific theories incorporate laws of nature and supplement them with additional propositions which tie the laws together in an effort to produce a cohesive explanatory system. law of nature LawOfNature DefinitionOfWork the definition of work DistanceVelocityUnderConstantAcceleration Distance Velocity Under Constant Acceleration When a is constant, v²=v₀²+2ay. the definition of work DefinitionOfWork-ForceAndDisplacementSameDirection DefinitionOfNetWork the definition of net work DistanceTimeUnderConstantAcceleration When a is constant, x=x₀+v₀t+at²/2. Distance Time Under Constant Acceleration DefinitionOfKineticEnergy the definition of kinetic energy DefinitionOfWeight the definition of weight A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. rule PhysicalPrinciple A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. rule PhysicalPrinciple A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. rule PhysicalPrinciple A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. rule PhysicalPrinciple Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Proposition proposition A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrXnQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Information_Content</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a> is an abstract propositional thing that has some truth value in some context or &quot;world&quot;. A proposition is assumed to be representable (at least in principle) by a sentence in some formal or natural language. But it should <i>not</i> be assumed that propositions are themselves intrinsically linguistic items in the way that sentences or formulae are. Indeed, propositions are often viewed as extra-linguistic, intensional entities that (while not sentences themselves) are represented or expressed by meaningful sentences (or, on some versions of this view, by concrete tokens of sentences). On such a view it is possible for distinct sentences (either from the same language or from different languages) to express the very same proposition; e.g. 'Snow is white.', 'White is the color of snow.', 'Schnee ist weiss.' (in German), and (arguably) '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmWdYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">relationAllInstance</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAl3P4CKLEdeIqACgycbRfg" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SnowMob</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBjWwGHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>)' (in CycL). Similarly, it is sometimes the case that a single sentence -- when used in different contexts -- will express distinct propositions; e.g. 'I am hungry.' said by you and said by me. Most formal languages (such as a first-order predicate calculus) and natural languages (such as English) include the resources for composing expressions that represent propositions from component expressions (that might or might not themselves represent other propositions). first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9H3OiKVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPrinciple</a> is a proposition about some particular more or less idealized aspect of the physical universe. For example, some physical principles describe how objects behave under constant acceleration, which is an idealization that discounts any frictional forces. See also the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfXVGXqVLEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">LawOfNature</a>. rule PhysicalPrinciple