]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. zoonotic agent Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> is a type of microorganism that is likely to cause a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r01eWfHaQQdeJNIl7NLsvdw" class="cyc_term">Zoonosis_DiseaseType</a>, or a disease that affects humans that is transmitted through contact with non-person animals. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> since it can be transmitted from sheep and cattle to people, causing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf-4NUGEAEdaONABgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">InhalationalAnthrax_Natural</a>. ZoonoticAgentType zoonotic agents the Monkey Pox virus The virus that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKClDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonkeyPox</a> (Orthopoxvirus Disease). MonkeyPox-Virus Plague-Bacterium An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyj7xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgent</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdNtxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plague_Bacterium</a> is a species (Yersinia pestis) of bacterium (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>) that causes bubonic plague (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCbwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BubonicPlague</a>. plague bacterium SinNombre-Virus the Sin Nombre virus The virus that causes Sin Nombre disease (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtBQx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SinNombre</a>), a Hantavirus from the family Bunyaviridae. MycobacteriumLeprae A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEDCzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MycobacteriumLeprae</a> is the collection of bacteria that can cause <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFuhkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leprosy</a>. Micobacterium leprae The pathogen (rickettsia) that causes Q Fever (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcLBnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QFever</a>). CoxiellaBurnetti Coxiella burnetti Campylobacter Campylobacter Campylobacter is a bacteria that is often found in the intestinal tracts of animals. It is responsible for diarrheal disease and is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritus. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpwe9oHBAQdeUg_G1ZSG-EQ" class="cyc_term">Tetanus_Bacterium</a> is a bacteria that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1eupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tetanus</a>. Tetanus-Bacterium Tetanus Anthrax-Bacterium A collection. Each instance is a sample of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> Bacillus anthracis which is responsible for a usually fatal hemorrhagic disease of wild and domesticated livestock, especially cattle and sheep. Humans may become infected with Anthrax via contamination of a wound or by inhaling the organism. Anthrax infections in humans are often fatal if not treated early. Anthrax The virus that causes the disease <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1KEgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Louping_Ill</a>. Louping-Ill-Virus the Louping Ill virus the Rabies virus The virus that that causes the disease <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1GeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabies</a> (sometimes known as 'Lyssa'), distinctively bulletshaped and belonging to the order Mononegavirales. Rabies-Virus PseudomonasMallei An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJzoVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PseudomonasMallei</a> is a type of bacterium that causes Glanders (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwABImZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glanders_Infection</a>). Pseudomonas mallei Tularemia-Bacterium The subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> instances of which causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_975wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tularemia</a> (q.v.). Tularemia A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Each instance is a portion of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> Brucella, which is responsible for the disease <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRlw2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brucellosis</a>. Brucella BrucellaBacterium The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of organism OrganismClassificationType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> (q.v.), where membership in that sub-collection is determined by satisfaction of some set of classificatory criteria accepted by some scientific community. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> may or may not correspond to naive categories of organisms, and, in addition, although they are scientific, they might not be officially accepted biological taxons at the standard taxonomic levels (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Invertebrate</a>, for example, is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>, but _not_ a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (q.v.)). Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> is _not_ an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>, since there are scientific classifications along different dimensions. Many specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> are, however, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>. zoonotic agent Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> is a type of microorganism that is likely to cause a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r01eWfHaQQdeJNIl7NLsvdw" class="cyc_term">Zoonosis_DiseaseType</a>, or a disease that affects humans that is transmitted through contact with non-person animals. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> since it can be transmitted from sheep and cattle to people, causing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf-4NUGEAEdaONABgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">InhalationalAnthrax_Natural</a>. ZoonoticAgentType zoonotic agent Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> is a type of microorganism that is likely to cause a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r01eWfHaQQdeJNIl7NLsvdw" class="cyc_term">Zoonosis_DiseaseType</a>, or a disease that affects humans that is transmitted through contact with non-person animals. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAOYMeHBBQdeazIcX4LV5rA" class="cyc_term">ZoonoticAgentType</a> since it can be transmitted from sheep and cattle to people, causing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf-4NUGEAEdaONABgCEAsSQ" class="cyc_term">InhalationalAnthrax_Natural</a>. ZoonoticAgentType