]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a>. Each instance of this collection is an online source of news. This collection includes those news sources that are found only online as well as those sources provided also by newpaper and such. OnlineNewsSeries online news series news series on the web FreeRepublic-OnlineNews An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. The Free Republic The Straits Times An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. TheStraitsTimes RediffDotCom-OnlineNews An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">India</a>. rediff.com NewsInteractive-OnlineNews An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Australia</a>. News Interactive Middle East Online MiddleEastOnline-NewsSource An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in the Middle East. Turkish Press TurkishPressDotCom An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. Insight On the News InsightOnTheNews TheInternationalNews-Online An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. The International News TheWorldNews-OnlineNews The World News An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Australia</a>. Scoop-InternetNews Scoop An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewZealand</a>. WorldTribune-OnlineNews World Tribune.com An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. WorldNewsConnection-OnlineNews World News Connection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewZealand</a>. ic SouthLondon ICSouthLondon The Press Trust of India PressTrustOfIndia-NewsSource An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. Middle East Times MiddleEastTimes WorldNetDaily-OnlineNews WorldNetDaily.com An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in Oregon. Terra-NewsSeries Terra An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. CNN.com CNN-OnlineNews An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> focused on issues in Eurasia. TheEurasianPolitician The Eurasian Politician BigNews Network.com BigNewsNetworkDotCom An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. ChannelNewsAsia-Online An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. ChannelNewsAsia.com An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. news24.com News24DotCom The PakTribune PakTribune-Online An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. CNews An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. CNews-NewsSource Bankers Online BankersOnline An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> focused on issues important to bankers. Middle East Newsline MiddleEastNewsline An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. NewsdayDotCom-OnlineNews newsday.com BBCNewsOnline BBC News Online An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland</a>. El Mundo An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFn2ETBIxQdmceYt5SgAuYA" class="cyc_term">OnlineNewsSeries</a>. ElMundo-OnlineNews PeriodicalSeries periodical The collection of all static textual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhz6_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MediaSeriesProduct</a>s that come out on a regular basis. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> is not created at one time, but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLunEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalIssue</a> are produced on a somewhat regular basis. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a>. Each instance of this collection is an online source of news. This collection includes those news sources that are found only online as well as those sources provided also by newpaper and such. OnlineNewsSeries online news series WebSite A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is composed of a homepage and zero or more additional instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXJevZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WebPage_CW</a> connected by hyperlinks to the site's homepage. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is maintained by a single webmaster or group of webmasters, and is thematically unified in some way, on a single computer, an intranet or on the $WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource (in which case the more specific term, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz7_25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a>, should be used. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is normally designed with the intention that a visitor will enter the site via its homepage, and navigate to other pages in the site via hyperlinks. website ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString PropositionalConceptualWork written or spoken work A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> is an abstract work constituted at least in part by propositional information. Propositional information is information which has a truth value in some context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>). Typically, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> will be works whose instantiations are composed of (or merely contain) one or more spoken or written sentences. Positive examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> include any instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIgO8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProseLiteraryWork_CW</a> (including instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxfXtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicEssay</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzHRG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpositoryArticle</a>). A positive example that is not a literary work is any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUwN3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition</a> that has lyrics that express propositions; another positive example is a mostly graphical advertisement that also includes text that expresses propositions. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r46fYpnaNEduAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgycE6OKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyTLHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of #$TKBInterfaceCollection. Analyst-PertinentConcept the intelligence analyst reasoning domain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a>. Each instance of this collection is an online source of news. This collection includes those news sources that are found only online as well as those sources provided also by newpaper and such. OnlineNewsSeries online news series A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a>. Each instance of this collection is an online source of news. This collection includes those news sources that are found only online as well as those sources provided also by newpaper and such. OnlineNewsSeries online news series