]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe eastern European countries Romania A country in eastern Europe. Romania Albania Albania throughout history, both physically and politically. Albania The country of Czecholslovakia as it existed prior to splitting into two parts: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWS4CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CzechRepublic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWaR0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Slovakia</a>. Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Hungary Hungary: a medium-sized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, land-locked in Central Europe. As with all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, this is Hungary as a country qua political and historical entity (and also qua geographical entity in &quot;dualist&quot; microtheories). Hungary Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r85YozHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FinanciallyHurting</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Estonia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAku69DVzEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalticState</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRh4l5m29EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Republic</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Estonia Estonia Croatia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAxp4zDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CentralEuropeanCountry</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXJYT2DVpEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalkanCountry</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9J8uBDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SouthernEuropeanCountry</a>. Croatia Croatia Slovakia Slovakia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAxp4zDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CentralEuropeanCountry</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTpvCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandlockedGeopoliticalEntity</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Slovakia Latvia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAku69DVzEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalticState</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Latvia Latvia the Czech Republic CzechRepublic A country in central Europe. Slovenia Slovenia: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAxp4zDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CentralEuropeanCountry</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXJYT2DVpEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalkanCountry</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Slovenia A country in eastern Europe. Bulgaria Bulgaria Yugoslavia Yugoslavia throughout history, both physically and politically. Yugoslavia Belarus Belarus: an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Belarus Lithuania Lithuania: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAku69DVzEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalticState</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Lithuania East Germany EastGermany East Germany: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAxp4zDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CentralEuropeanCountry</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>. Moldova Moldova Moldova is divided into ten districts, one autonomous territory (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r15EDKLuQQdeAh54JIaGj5g" class="cyc_term">Gagauzia_StateMoldova</a>), and one city (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_X5-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfChisinauMoldova</a>; distinct from the district <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUirqfruPQdeI0LvhvGqNrA" class="cyc_term">Chisinau_StateMoldova</a>). To see the rest of the districts, do a GREP of &quot;.*Moldova&quot;. Check out www.mindspring.com/~gwil/umd.html for a breakdown of Moldova's partioning. Note also that a district Taraclia has been added recently, but is included neither in the NIMA database nor in Cyc. Poland A country in central Europe. Poland Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAxp4zDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CentralEuropeanCountry</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXJYT2DVpEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BalkanCountry</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKQD_aJiDQdiWGrVXoG_tGg" class="cyc_term">EasternEuropeanCountry</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9J8uBDVtEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SouthernEuropeanCountry</a>. The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). <p/> Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code><b>COPY</b></code> of (say) &quot;Moby Dick&quot; is still a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially <i>object-like</i>: if we take a scalpel and slice <code><b>COPY</b></code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country country type by general region CountryTypeByGeneralRegion A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVvBTrJhkQdiCKs3GWTcWTg" class="cyc_term">CountryTypeByGeneralRegion</a> is a collection of countries that are conventionally considered to be part of the same general region. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTAE0cHbHQdiWHuhd-UxV8g" class="cyc_term">LatinAmericanCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd8IHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternEuropeanCountry</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHaS2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEasternCountry</a>.