]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbq2H5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmfulChemicalSubstance</a> instances of a common type. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM4jv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sarin</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjGZYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lewisite</a>) chemical warfare agent ChemicalAgentType chemical agent type chemical agent type of chemical agent chemical warfare agents chemical agents types of chemical agent chemical agent types BioregulatorType bioregulator Bioregulators are '[b]iochemicals normally present in humans in small amounts that regulate the release of hormones that control normal body functions. Bioengineered bioregulators could be weaponized and function similar to toxins. They would cause disruption in normal body function and homeostasis. These agents would have the advantage that their effects would be immediate, they could escape detection and they could be more potent than traditional chemical agents and toxins.' (definition courtesy of the Vermont Health Alert Network, http://www.vdh.state.vt.us/common/define.htm) EmeticAgentType vomiting agent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPqFIymxeQdeKLqAY6pQ2mw" class="cyc_term">EmeticAgentType</a> are types of chemical agents that are designed to induce vomiting. IncapacitatingAgentType incapacitating agent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTwxl8Gw2QdeX79Uz1TQPlg" class="cyc_term">IncapacitatingAgentType</a> are types of chemical agents that are designed to cause temporary disability in the target. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-t1oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TearGas</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwk5VyGw2QdeT8u0SURZY6A" class="cyc_term">BloodAgentType</a> are types of chemical agents that are designed to interfere with oxygen use at the cellular level. BloodAgentType blood agent nerve agent NerveAgentType The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>s designed to act on the human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NervousSystem</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjbY3zGw2QdeTD-7iL5HqPQ" class="cyc_term">ChokingAgentType</a> are types of chemical agents that are designed to cause hemorrhaging of blood vessels in the lungs. choking agent ChokingAgentType blister agent BlisterAgentType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raaAqCmw2QdeAWsMysI87PQ" class="cyc_term">BlisterAgentType</a> are types of chemical agents that are designed to destroy skin and other tissue in the target. Ethyl-S-diisopropylaminoethylmethylthiosphosphonate A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a> that is extremely lethal when inhaled. VX-NerveAgent Propane C3H8. A combustible gas which is commonly compressed into a liquid and used as a fuel. propane soman Soman A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a> that is extremely lethal when inhaled. Cl2. The collection of all samples of bi-atomic Chlorine. A gas under standard temperature and pressure. molecular chlorine MolecularChlorine methane Methane CH4. A combustible gas produced either synthetically or by decomposing plant and animal matter. The main component of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkASpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalGas</a>. A very dangerous chemical, once used in warfare, now primarily used in degreasing and as a diluent in paints and glues. trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene The collection of samples of hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a strong acid. It is highly soluble in water. Its aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid. In its concentrated form, hydrochloric acid is roughly 37% HCl by mass and is 12 moles per liter in HCl. HydrogenChloride hydrogen chloride A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a> that is extremely lethal when inhaled. tabun Tabun The collection of all Triethylphosphate. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. Triethylphosphate Triethylphosphate Cyclosarin cyclosarin A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a> that is extremely lethal when inhaled. sarin Sarin An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a>. Arsine The collection of all arsine. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicMaterial</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6retor7FQdeWOs5KIh36Ww" class="cyc_term">Arsine</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQwYgPmw2QdeJtpwghAAgPg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalAgentType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. arsine A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRAO-ImwzQdeSc8bu7sTwIg" class="cyc_term">CBRNEAgentType</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousTangibleThing</a> that, by convention, is considered a type of potential military or terroristic threat. "CBRNE" stands for "Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear, and High Explosive [threat-types]. CBRNEAgentType CBRNE agent A collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbq2H5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmfulChemicalSubstance</a> instances of a common type. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM4jv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sarin</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjGZYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lewisite</a>) chemical warfare agent ChemicalAgentType The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection A collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbq2H5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmfulChemicalSubstance</a> instances of a common type. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM4jv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sarin</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjGZYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lewisite</a>) chemical warfare agent ChemicalAgentType Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a> of collections of collections (and thus an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>). A sibling-disjoint collection type is such that its known (i.e. KB-represented) instances are collections that -- save for any that are related to each other by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> and any that are explicitly asserted to be exceptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a>) -- are disjoint from each other. More precisely, each instance <code>SIB</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection of collections that has the following KB-dependent property: For any two known instances <code>COL1</code> and <code>COL2</code> of <code>SIB</code>, at least one of the following is known to hold: <pre> (a) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL1 COL2) (b) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL2 COL1) (c) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> COL1 COL2) (d) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> COL1 COL2) </pre> Moreover, note that if <code>MT</code> is a context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>) in which (i) both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> COL1 SIB)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> COL2 SIB)</code> hold and (ii) neither <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL1 COL2)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> COL2 COL1)</code> nor <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> COL1 COL2)</code> is known to hold (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP-JvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knownSentence</a>), then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> COL1 COL2)</code> holds by default in <code>MT</code>. For example, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjakJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are instances of the sibling-disjoint collection type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, while neither (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) nor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) is known to hold in that context; consequently, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>) holds by default in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjakJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologyMt</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (and its specializations), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE01SZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelationshipTypeByArity</a>. See the generalization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. Also cf. the stronger notion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>. sibling disjoint collection type SiblingDisjointCollectionType HazardousChemicalSubstanceType hazardous chemical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2PyGHIxtQdeHTJ5EjlMAzg" class="cyc_term">HazardousThingType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQv_bxgZjQdiO54xP2mu_KA" class="cyc_term">HazardousChemicalType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-BwMZoxtQdeYk5EgCqon5A" class="cyc_term">HazardousChemicalSubstanceType</a> is a collection of chemical substances whose instances are hazardous to humans. These materials require certain precautions when being handled to lower the risk of exposure or in the case of explosive materials, lower the risk of combustion. Note: each instance of this collection must be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbq2H5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmfulChemicalSubstance</a> instances of a common type. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM4jv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sarin</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjGZYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lewisite</a>) chemical warfare agent ChemicalAgentType type of precursor material for chemical or biological weapons This collection includes all precursor chemicals, biological agents, and equipment particular to the manufacture of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcbaO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalWeapon</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3ZJ8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalWeapon</a>s. ChemOrBioWeaponPrecursorMaterialType