]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> whose instances are all of the same position. ClericTypeByPosition cleric type by position Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy3wrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rabbi</a> is Jewish religious leader, qualified to lead (and who typically does lead) some synagogue. rabbi Rabbi bishop The collection of all bishops, which are christian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>s, usually male, who are mostly senior leaders within hierarchically organized church denominations such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Lutheran, Anglican or Episcopalian churches. Every Christian bishop is consecrated by one or more other bishops, in a chain of consecrations in direct 'apostolic succession' from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a>. Some bishops in this succession are 'wandering bishops' (episcopes vagrantes) not associated with organized churches. In mediaeval times, some countries were ruled by bishops. Bishop-Clerical The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>s; each is the spiritual and temporal head of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a> and of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJQexJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HolySee</a>, political ruler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVign5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VaticanCity</a>, bishop [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a>] of Rome, Italy, Prince over all christian Princes, and vice-regent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on earth. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pope</a>, in modern times, is elected by the College of Cardinals in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNowwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SistineChapel</a>, and rules until death. (There are other popes, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOKUEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CopticPope</a>s, that are not included in this collection.) Certain historical popes are now held to have been antipopes. Pope pope Mullah derives from the old Arabian word MAWLA, which denotes either the slave or the master (cf. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.MAWLA.html). In the extended sense, it means a Muslim teacher of religion, who has interpretive authority over the Qur'an, Hadith and the other bodies of Islam's religious knowledge. Notice that due to the intertwined relationship of religion, politics and social policy in Islam, the religious rulings of a Mullah can have massive socio-political consequences. Muslim cleric Mullah Priest priest Person, usually male, who is the leader of a Catholic or Epicopalian church. minister Minister The leader of a Protestant church. The collection of all archbishops: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a>s, usually male, who are high-ranking religious and administrative leaders of hierarchically-organized churches such as the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches. Archbishops outrank (mere) bishops and abbots. Technically, every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvePNfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Archbishop</a> is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN8hS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bishop_Clerical</a> or abbot, and hence a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVrx15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Priest</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDgVOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monk</a>. archbishop Archbishop An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a>. Chaplains are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> typically employed by a non-overtly-religious organization to meet the spiritual needs of its members (as in a military chaplain) or clients (as in a hospital chaplain) or, in the case of prison chaplains, its captives. chaplain Chaplain Mufti A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi68pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Judge</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjBdZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mufti</a> is a religious leader in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Islam</a> who deals with questions of jurisprudence. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjBdZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mufti</a> is the only type of religious leader who can issue a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvshPLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fatwa</a>, which gives him the power of handling cases where there is doubt among other authorities. The Arabic root for 'mufti' and 'fatwa' is the same: f-t-w Mufti The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> whose instances are all of the same position. cleric type by position ClericTypeByPosition A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleric</a> whose instances are all of the same position. cleric type by position ClericTypeByPosition A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a> is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals. ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification type A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.