]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode The collection of all parameters or variables used in computer systems, either by the operating system or by a program. The value of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruPv7XA9cEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SoftwareParameter</a> may be set [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruKWCXg9cEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SettingSoftwareParameter</a>] or read [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt_OjBA9cEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ReadingSoftwareParameter</a>]. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk7NS1g97EdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">softwareParameterValue</a> SOFTWARE-PARAMETER VALUE) means that SOFTWARE-PARAMETER has the value VALUE in the current context. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlAsYfA97EdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">softwareParameterValueInProgram</a> SOFTWARE-PARAMETER VALUE COMPUTER-PROGRAM-RUNNING) means that SOFTWARE-PARAMETER currently has the value VALUE in the program COMPUTER-PROGRAM-RUNNING. software parameter SoftwareParameter <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartOfBuilding</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZc8MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartOfAnHSC</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartOfBuilding</a> is a part of a building that is 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the building. part of a building PartOfBuilding food item An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> is a particular portion of food of a type which can be, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of eating is important; eating an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> will generally require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth (e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the bowl is normally "eaten" with a spoon; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw) from a glass. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need. Food The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrt5kZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">collectionIntersection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a> (q.v.). place that is also a geographical thing GeographicalPlace series of conceptual work ConceptualWorkSeries The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>s that appear as a series of individual freestanding <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>s. This would include a novel [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Novel_CW</a>] whose chapters appear in consecutive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLunEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalIssue</a>s, the story told for 1001 nights by Scheherazade to her husband, or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvj_X65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TVSeriesProduct</a> even though the individual episodes were not part of the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQryPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxForm_CW</a> which has somewhat different format and content each year. GeographicalAgent geographical agent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is a group of people and/or organizations cohesive enough to be treated as an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, of which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> is also a specialization), and which occupies a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Neighborhood</a>. Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a> are viewed in two significantly different ways with respect to two different types of geography-related microtheories. In a "physical" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvydXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalGeographyMt</a> and its submicrotheories), geographical agents are clearly distinguished from the regions they occupy. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> GEO-AGENT) is used in these contexts to denote the land mass (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>) occupied by a given geographical agent GEO-AGENT. In a "dualist" geography microtheory (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a> and its submicrotheories), on the other hand, geographical agents are viewed as being both agents and land masses (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>). Thus, there is little need for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> in the latter sort of context. (Despite their somewhat paradoxical flavor, dualist microtheories arguably allow Cyc to mimic commonsense reasoning about geographical agents and regions more closely than do the stricter physical microtheories.) There are also some "generic" geography microtheories (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6rAIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldGeographyMt</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr3x_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesGeographyMt</a>) which are neutral with respect to the physical and dualist views. Also see the shared-note #$Dualist-Physical-AndGenericGeographyMtNote. ionic compound IonicCompound The collection of all chemically bonded ionic compounds, which may be macroscopic crystals. No distinct molecules appear in such a substance. An ionic compound may dissolve in a polar liquid forming ions, not molecules. BodyOfWater A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> is a natural or artificial topographical feature consisting of a relatively large volume of water primarily in liquid form, contained by an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basin_Topographical</a>. Both the basin and the water are considered parts of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBuSs-tSsQdaVn6xwikTZ7w" class="cyc_term">basinOfBodyOfWater</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPWOuxhQEEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">waterOfBodyOfWater</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harbor</a>. Note that relatively small, purely artificial containers of water (such as swimming pools or tanks of water) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Moreover, topographical features such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a>s or snowfields, which contain a large volume of water primarily in solid form, are also not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. body of water transport facility TransportFacility <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoE5zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfrastructureProduct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a> is a structure built and used by human beings for the purpose of transportation of people, livestock or goods, or for associated support services. graphic A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. Instances of this collection are approximately 2-dimensional spatial objects that are the sources (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_8EsfGEIEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">imageSource</a>) of still images (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImage</a>). This collection includes many specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFG3m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalArtObject</a>, such as paintings (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>), as well as spatial regions where a still visual image is displayed (such as the area on a wall where an image might be projected). Counter-examples include high-relief objects (sculptures), motion pictures, and text, though many graphics can include bits of text (and vice versa). Graphic-VisualIBT computer code copy ComputerCodeCopy The collection of all instantiations of computer code instantiated on a computer. This is a general concept, including processes (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>) as well as static instantiations on mass storage (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYZVv8IooEduX7wACs5iPxA" class="cyc_term">ComputerDataArtifact</a>) and #$SoftwareAgents. If the code instantiates a complete <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>, use the more specific, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a>. HumanActivity human activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> is a spatially-localized action each of whose "doers" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>) is either a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or a group of humans (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or groups of humans). A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) at least one actor. intentional action PurposefulAction The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvo5pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Series</a>, instances of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s, each member of which is separated from the other by a non-trivial <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>. Some instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s in their own right, such as Major League Baseball's World Series, which is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvo5pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Series</a> of (at most) seven distinct events with many hours between them. Some instances are not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s, such as a series of heart attacks suffered by 'Bob' between 1997 and 1998. Non-examples include breathing events, which are generally continuous strings of breathing subevents. event series EventSeries A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLDgW8nm4QdefYcWqNwYIMA" class="cyc_term">GainingControl</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LosingControlOfAControlledActor</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which an object which is under the control of some agent has that control transferred to another agent different from the first. 'Control' here means the ability on the part of an agent to determine 'what happens to' another object or agent. In the case where the thing controlled exhibits 'activities' or 'behavior', this extends to a nontrivial ability to direct or circumscribe some important aspect of the behavior that the object or agent exhibits. An agent with independent goals and purposes that is under 'control' is not able to freely pursue those goals and purposes: i.e., the 'controller' is able to exert some kind of significant and immediate check upon the 'controlled' agent's capacity to pursue its goals at whim. Every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTA-RjiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a> presupposes exactly one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> who <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpXHk_CDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">takesControl</a> of the thing being transferred, exactly one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> who <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rq3HvWiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">losesControl</a> of the thing being transferred, and one thing that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rklF5ZCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">objectOfControlTransfer</a>, i.e., the object of the transfer of control. In some cases, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwPN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CapturingAnAnimal</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbB4BkCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TakingAPersonPrisoner</a>, the agent who <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rq3HvWiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">losesControl</a> coincides with the thing that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rklF5ZCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">objectOfControlTransfer</a>. You cannot have a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTA-RjiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a> without someone or something that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rq3HvWiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">losesControl</a>, however. E.g., finding and taking an (unclaimed) penny in the street is merely a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLDgW8nm4QdefYcWqNwYIMA" class="cyc_term">GainingControl</a>. A given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTA-RjiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a> is not necessarily <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> the agent who <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpXHk_CDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">takesControl</a> or by the agent who <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rq3HvWiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">losesControl</a>: it could conceivably be instigated by a third party independent of either of these. transfer of control TransferOfControl PhysicalCreationEvent physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created. MeasurableQuantity measurable quantity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of quantities that have a numeric component and could actually be used to measure something, as opposed to (say) merely ranking it on a scale. Arithmetic operations (such as addition and multiplication) can be performed on measurable quantities, as they can on purely numeric scalars (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnVZQSiCmEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">NumericInterval</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr-2NGp7sQdidoL5VyxYMGg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantity</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Temperature</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>. Other, broader specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUstvYKCIQdiBWaekaRIs-w" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalQuantity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVQ8MvqCIQdicLoOa1pZefg" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalQuantity</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-7GRzKCIQdiHEaxh2Wf1-g" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalQuantity</a>. Any quantity (that at least in principle could be) returned by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMeasure</a> (q.v.) function is a measurable quantity. In CycL, particular measurable quantities are usually represented as the result of applying a unit-of-measure function to a real number or pair of reals. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 5) is the distance 5 meters. For predicates that relate things to measurable quantities that characterize them, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaEcosFuQdiNopS8VV8ODg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantitySlot</a>. LinguisticObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a> is an intangible object that is part of some language or other, in a broad sense of "part" whereby <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinguisticObject</a>'s specializations include such diverse collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Title</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WordSense</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SententialConstituent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonlexicalLinguisticObject</a>. linguistic object SocialQuantity social quantity A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxknOmVZQdeQUJLqO_1Uzg" class="cyc_term">ScalarQuantity</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxNyMGoZQdeRY7WpBL9aXQ" class="cyc_term">SocialQuantity</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuantityType</a>. The collection of real numbers; a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntervalOnNumberLine</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RealNumber</a> is a single point on the real number line, which has no upper or lower bounds. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RationalNumber</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4D45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NegativeNumber</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RealNumber</a> is also a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComplexNumber</a> (q.v.), and any instance of the former constitutes a degenerate case of the latter, in that the value along the real's "imaginary axis" is zero (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwL5mhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ImaginaryNumber</a>). RealNumber real number DrugSubstance drug A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8FjPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugSubstance</a> is something that can be introduced into an organism's body to produce certain physiological effects. This collection includes naturally-occurring substances, as well as manufactured substances (for the latter, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugProduct</a>). A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a> is a spatial path made by humans or animals. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ErieCanal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WellandShipCanal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1I6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChampsElysee</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQto3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WallStreet</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBVGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Highway101CA</a>. Note that each of these artifacts is a single, particular path; to refer to a whole system of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a>s, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a>. constructed route PathArtifact kitchen tool FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice</a> is a device designed to be used in the preparation of food or drink. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoffeeMaker</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZ0bT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpiceMill</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalToaster</a>. award AwardPractice A collection of intangibles. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AwardPractice</a> is a distinction bestowed upon someone or something by an appropriately authorized agent, generally in recognition of some accomplishment and often as a result of a competitive process. Awards may be given to people, books, buildings, cities, etc. Note that this collection represents the awards themselves rather than tangible symbols of awards, such as medals or Oscar statuettes. Nor do its instances represent any money that might accompany an award. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvijV7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Token_Physical</a>. FieldOfStudy A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> is a particular area of study, with its own distinctive set of theories, hypotheses, and problems. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> (q.v.), although one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> may cover several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldOfStudy</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB9LpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtHistory</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Physics</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialIntelligence</a>. field of study A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property, etc.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a>s are typically generated, issued, and/or certified by relevant institutions (as with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr9WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Passport</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1KJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockCertificate</a>s), but they also include unique personal documents (such as wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BirthCertificate</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvGh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxReturn</a>s, insurance policies, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Ks5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostageStamp</a>s, receipts, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1jBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PackingSlip</a>s and student ID cards. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRPow5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalDocument</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbpXLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocumentType</a>. official document OfficialDocument cell part The collection of structures which are typically found and formed as parts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell</a>s. This covers components of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EukaryoticCell</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s. It includes organelles, vesicles, cell walls, extracellular matrix, plasma membranes, receptors, cellular humours, microtubules, etc. CellPart Sac-Organic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Container</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> is a plant or animal membranous sac or bladder, whether or not it is still part of a living <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv3aGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sac_Organic</a> have zero (some plant bladders), one (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GallBladder</a>), two (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stomach</a>), or three (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bladder_Urinary</a>) tubes attached for the flow of material into or out of the bladder. The bladder may used for storage of some material in the body, and possible processing thereof, or merely as a mechanism for separating structures (e.g. the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peritoneum</a>). Any tubes connected to the bladder are of far smaller diameter than the bladder itself. sac <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a part of the internal anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CirculatorySystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEar</a>. internal body part InternalAnatomicalPart biologically harmful substance BiologicalAgentStuff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv83y05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance</a>. Instances are biologically harmful substances, including both microorganisms and toxins produced by organisms (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfOHrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalToxin</a>s). Every biological weapon has as its basis some type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGtlLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentStuff</a> (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3ZJ8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalWeapon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvawguZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRp2opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">weaponBasisObjectType</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFn8s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAIS</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDkbmEUvwEdaZRgACs0uXdw" class="cyc_term">ProgramObject</a> is the collection of all data structures that are explicitly referenced in computer programs. All data types are considered to be specializations of this collection. programming datastructure ProgramObject Microtheory context A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6iVgyruPQdefX9D0i1i7MQ" class="cyc_term">AbstractIndividual</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> is an atemporal, aspatial, informational thing that represents a context in Cyc. Each microtheory (or 'mt') serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions; the assertions in an mt constitute the content of that mt. Note that each assertion in the Cyc knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one microtheory. Assertions stated to be true in one mt will also be true (by inference) in more specialized mts that depend on the content of that mt. For example, if something is true in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanSocialLifeMt</a> (q.v.), then it should by default be true in the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSocialLifeMt</a> (q.v.). Specialized microtheories are related to the more general microtheories on which they depend by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlMt</a> (q.v.). Note that every query is made in some mt, and the answer one gets to a query depends on the mt in which it is asked, since the only assertions which can be used to answer a query in an mt are those explicitly stated to be true in that mt, or in some more general mt. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a>, which is used to relate an assertion to the microtheories in which it is true. nutrient Nutrient A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nutrient</a> is a substance considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal. If a food or a pill is sold in a package, often the nutrients in the food or pill are listed on the package label. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nutrient</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjThJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleSodium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjM3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProteinStuff</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCeGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleCalcium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleIron</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vitamin</a>. belief system A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a> is an ideology (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) the world. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystem</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vegetarianism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2Gc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GermanNaziIdeology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RepublicanPartyIdeology</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0EZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr8hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pacifism</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atheism</a>, etc. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>. BeliefSystem RuralArea A geographical region outside cities or suburbs. Ruralness is an intrinsic property of these areas, i.e. every piece of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuralArea</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuralArea</a>. countryside mammal An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and a sub-taxon of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a> is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal which, if female, nurses its young with milk secreted by mammary glands. The skin of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a> is typically covered with hair (or sometimes hair modified into scales or plates, as in pangolins), but some types are almost hairless. All mammals other than the Monotremes of Australia bear live young rather than laying eggs, and have teats, which on females are used for nursing the young. Monotremes do not have teats, but both male and female produce milk from mammary glands. Mammal Insect An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arthropod</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi495wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Insect</a> is an arthropod whose body is segmented into thirds, with three pairs of legs, a pair of antennae, and sometimes two pairs of wings. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi495wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Insect</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bee</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjecpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ant</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1eaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Butterfly</a>. insect SymbolicObject A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKrQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKrQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> that has some material part (i.e. is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), and symbolizes some thing, event or achievement, without describing it propositionally in any detail. Examples include national flags, military medals and ribbons, an Oscar, a Crucifix, a caduceus, and printed trademark logos of commercial brands. Only some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-lujZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryFunction</a> of serving as symbols (e.g. national flags, war memorials); others are symbolic in a secondary capacity (e.g. a gravestone symbolizes death but its primary function is as a marker), and/or acquire symbolic associations over time (e.g. Ellis Island). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicObject</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1lTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArcDeTriomphe</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEMDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StatueOfLiberty</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzYFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PyramidOfCheops</a>, a hangman's noose, a Menorah, a white dove. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalAnthem</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBf_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Swastika</a>s projected on walls, because these do not have a material part; for such symbols use the broader collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKrQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a>. icon ecological region EcologicalRegion A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a> is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternDesertOfEgypt</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr5ZE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatBarrierReef</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEX1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amazon_Region</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvo5pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Series</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEy5uJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalSeries</a> is a group of partially tangible objects ordered in a linear fashion, most likely according to some spatial relationship. Instances would include a group of people in line at a ticket booth, or the vertebrae in a person's spine. PhysicalSeries physical series ComputerActivity computer activity A collection of events, and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>, at least one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is somehow involved. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> may or may not be involved. (Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a> where no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is involved fall under the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>.) A wide variety of activities falls into this collection - from sending an email (see the more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdMvgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailSending</a>), to scanning a set of ports (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPae0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortScan</a>), to a computer crash (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a>). shape change A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> (q.v.) whose instances are events involving a physical object's changing shape. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvp78r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeEvent</a> occurs when either (i) the shape of some (usually more or less "plastic") object is changed in a fairly significant way, (ii) an object is created (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpKVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCreationEvent</a>) through a process in which a definite shape is imposed on some material, or (iii) an object is destroyed (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a>) through some process in which its shape is so radically altered that the it can no longer be said to exist. Examples of these three respective cases include flattening an aluminum can with one's foot, fashioning a figure from clay, and steamrolling a birthday cake. Shape changes are usually (though not necessarily always) the result of the shapee's being acted upon by another tangible thing (or things). When a shape change of type (i) or (ii) occurs via the purposeful actions of some agent, the event is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapingSomething</a>(q.v.). Note that, in most contexts, very gradual changes in an object's shape -- such as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-THCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Growth_Physical</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzeX7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Erosion</a> -- are not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvp78r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeEvent</a>s. ShapeChangeEvent ToxicSubstance toxic substance The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans The collection of all pieces of computer data. This collection includes all such information, such as data streams (e.g., bits or bytes of data in addressable memory) and more complex objects such as files in a filesystem (see the specialization of this collection, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrgHFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXDUKwKjIEdaAAACgycbRww" class="cyc_term">ComputerDataArtifact_Generic</a> are non-agentive existing things; thus computer processes and software agents are not instances of this collection. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXDUKwKjIEdaAAACgycbRww" class="cyc_term">ComputerDataArtifact_Generic</a> encode information, but are not necessarily physical objects (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYZVv8IooEduX7wACs5iPxA" class="cyc_term">ComputerDataArtifact</a>). ComputerDataArtifact-Generic piece of stored computer data GeometricFigure A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> and #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion (qq.v.). This is the collection of geometrical figures: geometrically simple, bounded (one- or higher-dimensional) regions of space. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpHwrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricFigure</a>s include straight line-segments, circles, spheres, and pyramids. Excluded are points, sums of scattered points, figure-eights, and infinite lines. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a>. geometrical figure A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. Note that this collection includes features that are covered by bodies of water, snow, or ice. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKjXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crater</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Continent</a>. Instances include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjt7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabianPeninsula</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountZion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanAndreasFault</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatSmokyMountains</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JavaTrench</a>. LandTopographicalFeature land topographical feature A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJXokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Spatial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cavity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Portal</a> is an opening -- in a surface, through a tube, or whatever -- with or without a covering (although any covering is not itself typically part of the portal). Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Doorway</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqiwE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Valve</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE4XkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyOrifice</a>. portal Portal ground LandStuff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalTangibleStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandStuff</a> is a portion of the stuff that the ground of a planet (at or near its land surface) is made of, including rocks, boulders, sand grains, soil, mud, lava, and mixtures of those things (such as islands or whole continents). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandStuff</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrf0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CapeCod</a>, Zion Hill, and the lava pouring out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountEtna_Volcano</a>. Translocation A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4GokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Translocation</a> is a movement across a distance; thus there is both a location that it is a movement "from" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fromLocation</a>) and a location that it is a movement "to" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">toLocation</a>). (These two locations might or might not be distinct, considering round-trips.) Note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4GokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Translocation</a> might or might not involve a salient moving object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a>); for those that do see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>; for some that don't see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCA9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WavePropagation</a>. translocation CharacterStringToken The collection of concrete tokens of abstract character-strings. More precisely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCKd45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> each of whose instances is a specific physical representation of some particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>. (Note that a character-string might consist of only a single character, in which case a token of the string effectively represents the character itself; thus for simplicity <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoo_OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterToken</a> has been made a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCKd45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken</a>.) Character-string tokens exist in at least three different basic forms: as inscriptions, sounds, or electromagnetic encodings (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7vmsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Inscribed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvq1hLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Sounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSfbd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_ElectroMagnetic</a>). Abstract character-strings themselves are inherently neither inscriptional nor sonic nor electromagnetic, so the same string can be represented by tokens of these different forms. Character-string tokens often, but not always, consist in spatial or temporal series of character tokens (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcAIoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Serial</a>). character string token DeviceWithNoMovingParts The collection of all devices that have no moving parts, such as (non-mechanical) pencils, or shot puts. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWykw6nUIQdeScJ94fCp9bQ" class="cyc_term">DeviceWithNoMovingParts</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. device with no moving parts relative location VectorInterval A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TupleOfIntervals</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VectorInterval</a> is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction. Like the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, the intervals in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VectorInterval</a> may be point-valued or cover a range of values. The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as `10 meters due east'. Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., `at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; `between ten to twelve miles NNW'. dangerous activity The collection of activities that pose an inherent risk to the health or well-being of its doer or those nearby when the event unfolds. DangerousActivity computer file ComputerFile-CW <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is a collection of conceptual works. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is abstract information that was created at a particular time to be stored on a computer or on media that is readable by a computer. Commonly, files are either programs or data or both. Instances of this collection have associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFz9L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_AIS</a>es and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuPkp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fileCopies</a>. A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrgHFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3NNXFDgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">FileDirectory</a>. VehiclePart A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalPartOfObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VehiclePart</a> is a device that is typically a proper part of a vehicle, or is intended to be used as a proper part of a vehicle. vehicle part Character-Abstract An abstract character from some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBiZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">characterSetForWritingSystem</a>, which may occur in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>; a letter, numeral, space, punctuation-mark, ideograph, dingbat, hieroglyphic or the like. These may be concatenated to form <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>s. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVzt_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Character_Abstract</a> is not any particular physical, tangible representation of the character, nor a particular encoding of it. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVzt_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Character_Abstract</a> is taken from a fixed <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBiZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">characterSetForWritingSystem</a>, which depends in part on the language involved. A character is a unit of information and cannot contain other characters. Some characters are printing-characters in text, but others may be line-feeds, beeps, etc. A character can be represented digitally with 32 or fewer bits, usually from 5 to 16 bits. A character may be represented visually by a mark; it may represent one or more phonemes in speech. Some phonemes may be represented by strings of more than one character. By convention, a character may have attributes like Upper Case, Nonprinting, Numeric, etc. abstract character place for playing sports SportsPlayingArea The collection of all places for playing sports. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsPlayingArea</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. FurniturePiece furniture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanOccupationConstructObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FurniturePiece</a> is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanShelterConstruction</a>) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bed_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FootStool</a>), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Desk_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiningRoomTable</a>), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjekJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dresser_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjou5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bookcase</a>), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricLamp</a>). Most pieces of furniture are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>s (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FurniturePiece</a> only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not. oil Oil An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a> is a portion of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic (i.e., _not_ readily soluble in water) liquid hydrocarbon. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingOil</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingOil</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Petroleum_CrudeOil</a>. ion Ion A collection of microscopic-scale objects; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuuOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ion</a> is an atom or radical which has either a negative or positive net electrical charge, due to having either more or fewer electrons than there are protons in its nuclei. Note: atomic ions violate Cyc's default assumption that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> have a net electrical charge of zero, so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuuOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ion</a> constitutes a class of exceptions to that rule. PhysicalDestructionEvent physical destruction event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DestructionEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is destroyed via physical means. Examples include natural disasters (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisasterEvent</a>), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a>s, and dissassemblings (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKaW2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingApartAnArtifact</a>). For cases where at least some portion of the thing destroyed becomes incorporated into a new created thing, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>. See also the reifiable functions <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZShGcVvcEdeWEwADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionFn</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLkSKeOtdQdaYDJgdroaicw" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionByMeansOfFn</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a> is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals. ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification type experiencing emotion ExperiencingEmotion <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_cHGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExperiencingEmotion</a> is the collection of events in which one particular agent experiences emotion or affective feeling (for what constitutes an emotion or affective feeling see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViC_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FeelingAttribute</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">feelsTowardsObjectToDegree</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">feelsTowardsEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rg_6F8EZcEdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">feelsEmotion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKhtQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">feelsPotentialEmotion</a>. cell The collection of living cells; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cell</a> is one of the basic structural units of nearly all living things, consisting (at least) of cytoplasm bounded by a cell membrane. Only the living structures viruses, mitochondria, and plastids are not composed of cells. Cell OrganicChemicalObject The collection of molecules or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>s which are produced by and can be found within living things, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmpwB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biopolymer</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AminoAcid</a>s. organic chemical object The collection of all the different quantities of dispositional properties; e.g. a particular degree of thermal conductivity. The various specializations of this collection are the collections of all the degrees of a particular dispositional property. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDNnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThermalConductivity</a> is a specialization of this collection and its instances are usually denoted with the generic value functions as in (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HighAmountFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDNnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThermalConductivity</a>). All degrees of thermal conductivity are instances of this collection even those not explicitly reified DispositionalQuantity disposition molecular material MolecularStuff A collection of tangible stuff. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnjjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MolecularStuff</a> is a portion of stuff composed of covalently-bonded molecules. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXHLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAStuff</a> are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnjjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MolecularStuff</a>; each of their instances consists of covalently bonded molecules. But instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salt_NaCl</a> are not examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnjjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MolecularStuff</a>. Also, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnjjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MolecularStuff</a>, since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> denotes anything composed of that element, not just O2 (molecular oxygen) and O3 (ozone). Surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a>, #$ConnectedSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> is a two-dimensional portion of space, which might be flat or embeddable in a three-dimensional space. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the area of these regions. For example, the space occupied by a flat surface belongs to this collection. Conversely, the space occupied by a solid chunk of matter (such as a sheet of rice paper) is not a space-surface, but is instead a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a> (cf.). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzX-JJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface_Empirical</a>, whose instances are 2-D pieces of space in the empirical universe. Also cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>. space surface TouchingEvent touching One object spatially and temporally in contact with another. powered device PoweredDevice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a> is a device that requires some power input in order to perform its intended function(s). The power supplied might be muscle power, kinetic energy, electricity, fuel-generated, and so on. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a> partition the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. molecule Molecule A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a> is a microscopic-scale object whose component atoms are all chemically bonded to each other; typically, this means that the atoms are covalently bonded. Examples: some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a>, including molecules of oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), etc., contain covalently bonded atoms belonging to the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>. Some highly complex examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a> are those belonging to the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpIyn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAMolecule</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzt4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoleculeFn</a>. Note: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a> and other macroscopic covalent solids are excluded from belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a> by the constraint that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a> are microscopic. software object SoftwareObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is the most general collection of software. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is either an individual computer program, a computer program module, a software package, a software library file (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rweCO2l0oEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ComputerSoftwareLibrary_CW</a>), or a version or series thereof. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is such that either it (or a member of the version series that constitutes it) could conceivably be instantiated in code that could run on some computer system, even if the code has not been written yet, and even if it could not run independently of other code (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> does not include purely data objects that software could operate on. Pine, Pine version 4.20, and Pine versions 4.20 through 4.33 inclusive are each instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a> is partitioned into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a>. Perceiving perception A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvucXhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a> is an event in which an agent (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a>) acquires information through the exercise of its senses. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcx7avnK6QdiKLYWCkThr9w" class="cyc_term">ContinuousTimeInterval</a> (q.v.). A continuous time-interval is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> if and only if it has a standardly-defined location on particular calendar. Here, having a "standardly-defined location" means that the interval is a standard unit of time (with respect to some calendar) whose start and end times can be specified in whole-number multiples of that and larger units. Thus the midnight hour GMT on 1 January 2000 CE is a date; but neither the five-hour-long interval between midnight and 5:00 AM GMT nor the hour-long interval between 12:15 and 1:15 AM GMT on that same day are dates. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjDIG0hYWEdiZsQACs2G8_A" class="cyc_term">CalendarMilliSecond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMinute</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarHour</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-DA4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolarDay</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCfBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarWeekend</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FiscalYear</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVLBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMillennium</a>. date Date Hydrocarbon A compound, or mixture of compounds, composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. These are found in natural gas and crude oil. hydrocarbon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a> is a device which does not need to have any kind of energy supplied to it in order for it to perform its intended function. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>s include tables, floor mats, bookshelves, shirts, and coat hangars. A hammer would not be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>, since it requires kinetic energy to perform its intended function. NonPoweredDevice non-powered device function A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (q.v.) and the collection of all functions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> is a many-one relation that represents, with respect to any given context, a mapping from one set of things (the function's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYiHi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">relationDomain</a>) to another set of things (its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqAHdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">relationRange</a>). As a many-one relation, a function maps each thing in its domain to exactly one thing in its range. A function might be unary, binary, ternary, etc. (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a>; but cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3v3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">relationalArity</a>), depending on whether the members of its domain are singletons, ordered pairs, ordered triples, etc. In general, the domain of an N-ary function with respect to a given context is a set of ordered N-tuples (construed in CycL as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUAU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">List</a>s of length N). The function is said to take the items from any of these N-tuples as its N arguments and to return a member of its range as its corresponding value (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkEzFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">valueOfFunctionForArgs</a>). There are also functions that are not of any particular fixed arity; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEONwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VariableArityFunction</a>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a> is the unary function that takes each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionalGovernment</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViArpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlusFn</a> is the variable-arity function that takes any sequence of two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>s (q.v.) to their arithmetic sum. Note that the domain and range (i.e. the extension) of a given function might vary from context to context. For example, as the government of a country can change over time, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a> will in such cases map the same country to different governments with respect to different times. Thus, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> is closer to what is sometimes called a "function-in-intension" than to the purely set-theoretical notion of a "function-in-extension". CycL terms that denote functions can be used to form non-atomic terms (or "NATs"; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMwkWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedNonAtomicTerm</a>). Specifically, when such a function-denoting expression is appropriately combined with other expressions (i.e. the former is in the 0th argument position and the latter are of the correct number and type) the resulting expression is a new CycL term (a NAT) that may then freely appear as a component in other CycL expressions. The NAT will itself denote the value (if any) of the function denoted by the former expression for the sequence of arguments denoted, respectively, by the latter expressions. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a> is a unary function, and so the CycL constant '<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a>' requires one syntactic argument (such as the constant '<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>') to form a NAT (in this case, the expression '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6EJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">France</a>)'). This NAT, which denotes the government of France, can in turn serve as a syntactic argument in any CycL expression in which a term for an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionalGovernment</a> can legally occur. Important subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> (whose instances always return instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetDenotingFunction</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAUw9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FunctionDenotingFunction</a> (which is itself a subcollection of the first). NATs formed using terms that denote instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAUw9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FunctionDenotingFunction</a> denote instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> themselves. Thus, like most other things, functions can be denoted in CycL either by constants (e.g. '<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrvPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentFn</a>') or -- although this is less common -- by NATs (e.g. '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO3anZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FunctionToArg</a> 2 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">biologicalMother</a>)'). An important partition of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> is into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKaMpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TotalFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkBqx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartialFunction</a> (qq.v.). Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> does not include any of the so-called <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqZFUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TruthFunction</a>s (q.v.): <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Quantifier</a>s, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LogicalConnective</a>s. For these relations (as construed in CycL) are not really functions at all, even though it can be heuristically useful to think of them as if they were functions from sequences of arguments to truth values. Function-Denotational <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzBHPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzBHPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a part of the external anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjghpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earlobe</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Leaf</a>. external anatomical part ExternalAnatomicalPart configuration Configuration A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> is a static situation consisting of two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things of certain types standing in a certain type of spatial relationship (or set of relationships). This (set of) spatial relationship(s) "characterizes" the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>'s type in the sense that any group of objects of the appropriate types standing in that relationship (or those relationships) correspond to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a> of that type; and each of these objects, in turn, is said to be "configured" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjz-VJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">configuredObjects</a>) in the (individual) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Configuration</a>. For example, a knot configuration might correspond to a particular intertwining of end-segments of two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>s, or to the intertwining of several segments of a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CordlikeObject</a>. For configurations like the latter, whose characterizing relationship(s) hold between different parts of a single salient object, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6BkqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConfigurationOfComplexObject</a>. Note that a static situation involving an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> might be a configuration, but only so long as it's just the agent's spatial relationship(s) to other partially tangibles that matters (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WearingSomething</a>); static situations in which an agent's agency or sentience is crucial, on the other hand, are not configurations (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIV89pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbjKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InterAgentSituation_TwoAgent</a>). water transportation device A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a>, each instance of which is a device used for transportation on or through water. (It is thus not to be confused with a collection of devices used for transporting water.) Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterTransportationDevice</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ship</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sailboard</a>. A particularly important specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Watercraft</a> : the collection of water transportation devices that protect their passengers from getting wet. See also the second-order collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDbPRdnTNEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">WaterTransportationDeviceTypeByDesign</a>. WaterTransportationDevice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a> is a device used for transporting either people or cargo through the air. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Airplane</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Helicopter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HotAirBalloon</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwpMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroundToOrbitVehicle</a>. aircraft AirTransportationDevice An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a> is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element. That is, every atom in a given piece of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a> has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus. For example, all pieces of carbon (i.e. all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a>. On the other hand, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, because they are all constituted of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a> atoms, do not belong to the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuff</a>. stuff composed entirely of one element ElementStuff Plant plant The collection of all individual plants, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8gyOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EukaryoticOrganism</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a> is a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> and contains the primary subjects of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Botany</a>. The instances of this collections are typically stationary, living, whole organisms; the cells of plants generally lack cholesterol and have cell walls that include substances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWB3VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cellulose</a>. Most, though not all, plants are capable of making sugars by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkC15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Plant</a> processes and have green parts. Some example subsets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a> are the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVia8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoseBush</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEb-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpruceTree</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Moss</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj245wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyMovementEvent</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> moves a part of its own body, whether intentionally or reflexively. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlockingAPunch</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hiccoughing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blinking</a>. BodyMovementEvent body movement Electrolyte electrolyte The collection of all polyatomic chemical stuffs that decompose into ions when disolved in water. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r18jLDP5gQdaIKpIw6WH1LA" class="cyc_term">Electrolyte</a> may be a mixture of chemical compounds. It need not be an instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. person A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>: the collection of all persons. Personhood is a vague, emotionally loaded yet extremely salient concept with respect to common-sense reasoning. Something is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> if it is an individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> with perceptual sensibility, capable of complex social relationships, and possessing a certain moral sophistication and an intrinsic moral value, or -- if it lacks certain of these characteristics -- is a member of a distinct type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> (usually a species) which generally possesses such characteristics and is therefore acknowledged by other members of that type as a person within their social systems. Most currently known instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> but there is no reason why all need be (consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdRsSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hobbit</a>s in the fictional world of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LordOfTheRings_Trilogy</a>). They need not even be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (consider the possibility of a person-like AI). Also note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> excludes non-human "legal persons", who are, however, included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>. Person AilmentCondition The most general collection of ailment events; a subcollection of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6e0v8orZQdefvMXViCU3lw" class="cyc_term">DysfunctionalCondition</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment. The rationale for construing ailments in this way is the obvious fact that to have an ailment is to undergo an event: an individual ailment has temporal features, it progresses dynamically, and so on. It is not just a matter of being in some static state of "unwellness". Subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPCEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratoryAilment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr9o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeartCondition</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MotionSickness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1e1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poisoning</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWKT6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InjuryCondition</a>. If a particular person has an infection, that event is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> does not begin before there is an actual, developed sickness or impairment, and thus does not include the event of getting sick or becoming impaired. Also note that each type of ailment, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>, is the collection of all "cases" or "instances" of individuals suffering from that condition. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6WBtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiseaseType</a>. ailment condition amphibian A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmJ4oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poikilotherm</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amphibian</a> isa a cold-blodded and smooth-skinned vertebrate that hatches from an egg to form an aquatic larva (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>), which then metamorphoses into an air-breathing adult (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a>). Important subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frog</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salamander</a>. Amphibian ContainerArtifact container product <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContainerArtifact</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Container</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContainerArtifact</a> is an object whose primary function (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContainerArtifact</a> include storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; and artificial constructs for housing humans and animals. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crib</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sandbox</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficeSpace</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzb-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Coffin</a>. PropositionalConceptualWork written or spoken work A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> is an abstract work constituted at least in part by propositional information. Propositional information is information which has a truth value in some context (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proposition</a>). Typically, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> will be works whose instantiations are composed of (or merely contain) one or more spoken or written sentences. Positive examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a> include any instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIgO8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProseLiteraryWork_CW</a> (including instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxfXtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicEssay</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzHRG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpositoryArticle</a>). A positive example that is not a literary work is any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUwN3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition</a> that has lyrics that express propositions; another positive example is a mostly graphical advertisement that also includes text that expresses propositions. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a> (q.v.); the collection of mathematical sets. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a> can be any arbitrary set of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s. A good way to explain this notion with respect to the Cyc ontology is to contrast <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a> with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> (q.v.). First, while the instances of a given collection all have some more-or-less significant (often "natural") property or properties in common, the elements (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGWaK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a>) in a given set might have nothing in common (besides membership in that set). Second, while it is in principle possible for two distinct collections to have exactly the same elements (with respect to a given context), this cannot happen in the case of sets, which are individuated strictly in terms of their extensions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN2YGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">extent</a>). Third (and specifically regarding their expression in the CycL language), unlike with collections, rarely will it be desirable to create a new constant to denote a particular set. Instead, a set will often be either (a) intensionally specified by a defining property via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSetOf</a> (q.v.), as in `(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjX9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSetOf</a> ?X (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">and</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> ?X <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">greaterThan</a> ?X 42)))', or (b) extensionally specified by enumerating its elements via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> (q.v.), as in `(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> 3 4 5)'; see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUeB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePartition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMTOWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheCovering</a>. Set-Mathematical set A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> is a solid quantity of matter. Pieces of matter in the solid state are at a sufficiently low enough temperature or high enough pressure for the particular type of matter involved that their molecules are bonded to each other by various sorts of forces, and don't move away from their neighbors. Solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by definite, persistent boundaries, independent of container. Solid-StateOfMatter solid The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> with a customary direction. They can be followed (in the customary system) in one direction, but not the other. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX_evZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BidirectionalCustomaryPath</a> for customary paths that can be followed in either direction in the customary system. DirectedCustomaryPath directed route A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4HYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBLO</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a> is a significant spatial subdivision of the body of some animal, where the subdivision in question is usually contiguous, and has some more or less clear boundary. Instances of this collection include anatomical parts (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a>) , such as a person's head, beard, or right arm. In addition, this collection includes body regions that are not anatomical parts, such as a blister, a puncture wound, or a bruise. AnimalBodyRegion region on an animal's body A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MechanicalDevice</a> is a physical device which has at least one part that moves with respect to another one of its parts. Thus a spoon is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MechanicalDevice</a>, but a pair of scissors is, as are more complex devices such as vacuum cleaners and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQws45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceShuttleChallenger</a>. mechanical device MechanicalDevice ArrangementOfLikeObjects A collection of groups of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj73ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArrangementOfLikeObjects</a> is a group of partially tangible objects, all of the same type (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMa_kJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arrangementObjectTypes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvicurZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arrangementNearestObjectTypes</a>), having a specified set of spatial relations holding among them (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl75cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arrangementPredicates</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaz7OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arrangementNearestPredicates</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a>. configuration A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> is an abstract work that is intended to be instantiated in a medium that is experienced primarily visually. The textual component of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a>, if any, is secondary to its visual component. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> may contain textual components, but the content of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> could not be completely expressed in text (thus a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> is very unlikely to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSZiGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a>). Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5_sfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VideoConceptualWork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9VJcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualArtifact_CW</a>. visual work VisualWork generation of an information bearing thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> is an event which creates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g. sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (cf. the important specialization of IBTGeneration -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>). Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes. It is irrelevant for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> whether there is another agent who accesses the resulting IBT. Note that every communication act starts with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. (Thus, see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> and its specializations, especially <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>.) For an analogous collection regarding instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTUOK-GaPEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">CWCreation</a>. Two important specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV6pTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Replication</a>. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>. IBTGeneration gas Gaseous-StateOfMatter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> is an object of a single chemical species in the gaseous state of matter. Objects in the gaseous state of matter are at a high enough temperature or low enough pressure for the type of matter involved that the molecules are not bonded even weakly to their neighbors, and readily break free. Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers), no shape independent of a container, and by great expandability and compressibility. Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: the helium in a child's balloon; the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere; the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. Bird bird An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a> is an air-breathing, warm-blooded, winged animal covered with feathers. Members of most, but not all, species of bird can fly. bodily function event BodilyFunctionEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalProcess</a>. Each specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjz2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent</a> is a type of action done by an animal that can be (and often is) done without the doer's conscious volition. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjz2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Swallowing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestionEvent</a>. If an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjz2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent</a> involves the doer moving all or part of its body, either volitionally or as a reflex, it is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj245wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyMovementEvent</a>. MusicalInstrument A collection of physical devices. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> is a device that (in the standard case) is designed to be manipulated by a person to generate music -- that is, s/he successively plays the notes of the music by manipulating the instrument during the playing. Possibly the player also supplies by muscle power the force that produces the sound, but possibly it uses another power source (e.g., electricity, or steam). The music may or may not be of his or her own composition, but the player's actions determine that the notes are produced by the instrument (in the standard sense). Note: If the directive role of the human player is subsumed by the device -- as it is, e.g., by some electronic instruments which are programmable and/or pre-programmed to produce music or musical sounds -- the device loses some of its instrument-like quality, and some automated uses may be abnormal cases of `playing' an instrument. An older but analogous example is: player pianos. If the device is pre-programmed so that humans can't direct the music at all, then the device is not a musical instrument (but a musical device) -- for example, music boxes. Also excluded from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> are devices which produce music `at random' (such as wind chimes). Devices such as radios, tape decks, CD players, which are used to play wholly pre-recorded or otherwise other-controlled music, are also not included in this collection. musical instrument outdoor location A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> is a region of outdoor space; i.e. a region that is directly subject to atmospheric weather. Thus, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> does not include as instances any instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnderwaterLocation</a> (q.v.) or any places that are underground (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWlYxOnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Underground</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Highway</a>. OutdoorLocation AudioConceptualWork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAXXLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioConceptualWork</a> is an abstract work designed to be instantiated in sound (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a>). Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUwN3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalComposition</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLmi3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Album_CW</a>. audio conceptual work emotion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxknOmVZQdeQUJLqO_1Uzg" class="cyc_term">ScalarQuantity</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViC_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FeelingAttribute</a> consists of all the varying degrees of such things as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1AJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Happiness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sadness</a> and other types of emotions. Each instance is a scalar interval that consists of a number and emotional dimension. Rarely, if ever, are these things assigned specific values or ranges of values. But if certain emotional scales came to be used and it proved useful to represent them we could easily assign numeric values to these quantities. Generally, the instances of this collection will be denoted by terms formed by applying the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyorqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GenericValueFunction</a>s to specializations of this collection: e.g. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HighAmountFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjESJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anger</a>). FeelingAttribute system of devices SystemOfDevices This collection involves instances which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>s which interact and are connected in some sort of network. Positive examples include a computer system, a telephone system, a plumbing system. Negative examples include instances of simple tools, such as a screwdriver or a hammer, which have discrete connected parts, but whose parts do not interact in any complicated way. Another negative example is a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Telephone</a>. In a context of naive familiarity with the device, the telephone is not a system because its parts do not form an obvious network. Antibiotic antibiotic drug drug substances with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, or anti-parasitical activity A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrink</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidTangibleThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a> is a portion of a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a>, unlike instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> (q.v.), are ingested by drinking without chewing. Since soup and applesauce are normally ``eaten'' by being placed in the mouth with a spoon, they are not considered to be drunk (although one can certainly drink either), and so are not specializations of this collection. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj35pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water_Ingestible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tea_Hot</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HotChocolate</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lemonade</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beer</a>. beverage Drink control device <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlDevice</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXolQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlStructure_Physical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlDevice</a> is a device whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-lujZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryFunction</a> is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>). Obvious instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlDevice</a> include: the remote control for one's TV (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVlIaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemoteControlDevice</a>), the brake pedal on one's car (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgCqZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pedal_ControlDevice</a>), the light switch on one's bedroom wall (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkI_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricalSwitch</a>); a less obvious instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControlDevice</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVwFKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HooverDam</a> (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dam</a>). ControlDevice The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>s that are plants or plant parts (individually or in bulk), or substances derived from plants, which are produced by people or countries and made available for use, sale or exchange. If an item is a plant or plant part, it is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetableMatter</a>. PlantProduct plant product <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoPuLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEquipment</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoPuLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEquipment</a> is an artifact that is owned and used by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjx75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOrganization</a>. Examples include instances of weapons, vehicles, and uniforms. MilitaryEquipment military equipment first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection ContextualizedInformationStructure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvntUR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractStructure</a> whose instances are individuated by not only their internal structure, but by their relationships to other parts of a larger abstract structure. As such, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r076hGgRjEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ContextualizedInformationStructure</a> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>, a collection of individuals whose identity is determined soley by their decomposition into abstract symbols and the relations between them. Consider, for example, a document that contains the sentence (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>), "What you see is what you get." Despite being seven words in length, this sentence contains exactly six instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that are also text-strings for words: "What," "you," "see," "is," "what," and "get." However, it contains seven instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r076hGgRjEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ContextualizedInformationStructure</a>: the one and only occurrence of "What," the first occurrence of "you," and so on. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r076hGgRjEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ContextualizedInformationStructure</a> is the collection of such AIS-occurrences; they are abstract objects that are identified by both the AISes they "contain" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raGrGuARkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">cisContainsAIS</a>) and the relations they bear to other info-structures in some larger AIS. The occurrence metaphor used to describe contextualized information structures can mislead one into thinking of contextualized information structures, or CISes, as physical instantiations of AISes, in the way that physical character string tokens (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCKd45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken</a>) instantiate (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlEGHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIS</a>) a character string (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>) AIS. On the contrary, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r076hGgRjEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ContextualizedInformationStructure</a> is not a collection of physical or spatial entities -- they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> -- but are abstract objects derivable from a complete description of an AIS. CIS ArtificialMaterial artificial substance A collection of substances; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialMaterial</a> is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0lpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plastic</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SweetNLow</a>. Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialMaterial</a>s are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">byProducts</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">wasteProducts</a> of an intentional process. However, what is a by-product at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtificialMaterial</a> in another. social event A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> is an action in which two or more agents take part. In many cases, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>s involve communication among the participating agents. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> have very elaborate role structures (e.g. a typical lawsuit), while others have fairly simple role structures (e.g. greeting a colleague at work). SocialOccurrence Lipid lipid The collection of all lipids - greasy, non-water-soluble organic compounds found in all living cells. MovementProcess A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementEvent</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance MOTION of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementProcess</a> is a movement event that can be considered as a continuous motion. That is, (i) motion happens without interruption throughout MOTION and thus (ii) every time-slice of MOTION is itself a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementProcess</a>. movement line A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmuSrEoIhQdeQIpazjIb_wQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyContinuousThing</a>. This is the collection of all lines, broadly construed. Unlike its specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> (q.v.), this collection's instances need not actually be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a>s, but may instead be simply near approximations of such (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5ppy7h5sQdebA82J6u3n5A" class="cyc_term">LineOfDemarcationForSportsArea</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a>s can be tangible or intangible, straight or curved. Other specializations of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCjjnFM1QEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Tangible</a>. LinearObject reptile An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a> is an air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrate with a body covered by scales or bony plates. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViT7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Snake</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lizard</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Turtle</a>. Most species of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a> are oviparous (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwA1siJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OviparousAnimal</a>), but some are viviparous (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwWND5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViviparousAnimal</a>). Reptile FlowPath A #$CustomaryPathCycLConstant and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlowPath</a> is a path whose extent is delineated by the movement of a fluid over an area; for example, the path of a lava flow or the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr6opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlaskanPipeline</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlowPath</a> may (but need not) be constrained by objects or forces that channel the flow of fluid; see also the subcollection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidConduit</a>. flow path WritingSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingSystem</a> is a system of physical markings used to record pieces of a language. Writing systems are typically associated with particular languages, although some may be common to many languages. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingSystem</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JapaneseKatakanaWriting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternEuropeanWriting</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalWriting</a>. writing system Water An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> is one piece of some (pure or impure) portion of the chemical compound H2O. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> may be in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9HJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">stateOfMatter</a>); they may be salty or not, drinkable or not. Examples include portions of the ocean, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayOfBiscay</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayOfBengal</a> (see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeaWater</a>); bodies of fresh water, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjySZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NiagaraFalls</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViO_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GangesRiver</a>; quantities of chlorinated water (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD7FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoolWater</a>); and the contents of bottles of tonic water (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0cpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeltzerWater</a>). Any portion of liquid that consists mostly of water but differs from it in one or more important properties (as does e.g. urine, coffee, and lemonade) is not itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, but has an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> as its main constituent (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">mainConstituent</a>). For the specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> whose instances are pure, see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuxrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PureFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>). water published work PublishedConceptualWork The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>s with instantiations which have been produced for distribution. Note that "published" here does not mean "printed and physically distributed", since intangible information-bearing things can be published using the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvit1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_Concrete</a>, or broadcast on the airwaves. fish An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a> is a cold-blooded animal (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmJ4oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poikilotherm</a>) with gills and fins. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a> spends all or almost all of its life under water. Note that the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a> excludes fish-shaped examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, such as porpoises and whales. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi87pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salmon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catfish</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1c8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tuna</a>. Fish Atom atom A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> is a microscopic-scale object with exactly one atomic nucleus (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVij2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtomicNucleus</a>) and some number of electrons (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViB05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electron</a>). A typical instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViR75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Atom</a> has no net charge, i.e., it has as many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViB05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Electron</a> as it does of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proton</a>. For the collection of atoms that do have non-zero charges, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcZxrqookEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MonoatomicIon</a>. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRj9dNPUfQdeJPKmVfOJMPw" class="cyc_term">TacticalTerrainObject</a> is a geographically located object, specified and given tactical status in the context of some real or hypothetical military operations. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRj9dNPUfQdeJPKmVfOJMPw" class="cyc_term">TacticalTerrainObject</a>s are generally named as part of the process of military planning. They may or may not correspond to recognizable features of the underlying terrain. TacticalTerrainObject piece of tactical terrain StructuredInformationSource A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBObNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyIntangibleIndividual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels. structured information source Tool A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIPuOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_UserControlled</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is a device that is used by people to manipulate or alter other objects or the immediate environment in some way. (Thus it does not include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzRPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PomPom</a>s, e.g.) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a>s are typically controlled by their user during use and can be used more than once (so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhoWkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_OneTimeUse</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> includes devices used in many different activities, as shown by this sampling its subcollections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViN2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WoodworkingTool</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlumbingTool</a>, some (but not all) kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalDevice</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CleaningImplement</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingImplement</a>. tool Liquid-StateOfMatter liquid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> is an object of a single chemical species in the liquid state of matter. Objects in the liquid state of matter are at a temperature and pressure such that the molecules of the matter move freely relative to their neighbors, but are not excited enough to break free. Liquid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by special qualities of flow, such as being pourable and conforming to whatever container they occupy. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> include a quantity of liquid nitrogen, the water component of a gallon of seawater, a lump of mercury at room temperature, and some molten silver about to be poured into a teapot mold. Counterexamples include a gallon of seawater (since it has dissolved minerals) and 190 proof ethanol (since it is 5% water). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTransportationDevice</a> is a device used for transportation across land. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTransportationDevice</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzlHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Snowmobile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Truck</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzz7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorseCarriage</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1rHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BabyCarriage</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bus_RoadVehicle</a>, and #$SkateBoard. land transportation device LandTransportationDevice molecular component MolecularComponent The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>s which, nothwithstanding the fact that they are conventionally regarded as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>s in their own right, are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSiYZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">molecularSubComponents</a> of larger 'molecular' structures (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWm_QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyatomicIon</a>s) in the sense that instances are attached by at least one chemical bond to an atom that is not part of the instance. The collection includes the individual atoms of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a>, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsUDhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MolecularRadical</a> within a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a>, and any connected group of atoms in a molecule or ion which does not contain all the atoms in that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalObject</a>. ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem connected physical path system The collection of all (partially) tangible physical path systems which are connected. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRGZ0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a> is a product that has some tangible component and may, but need not, also have an intangible component. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a> include copies of a newspaper, photographs, videotapes of `Star Wars', sacks of flour, lumber, and mobile homes. PartiallyTangibleProduct goods shaped thing ShapedObject An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a> is a spatial object that has some well-defined shape (though what counts as a "well-defined shape" can vary from context to context); see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5t1XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectShapeType</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxkznpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalShapedThing</a>. Contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmorphousThing</a>. geometric form GeometricallyDescribableThing A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> is a spatially-connected spatial thing (of one, two, three, or four dimensions) that either (i) has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>) or (ii) consists of a small number of parts in a relatively simple (and stable) simple geometric configuration, where each such part has or approximates a simple geometric shape (e.g. a table consisting of a 3-D-disc-shaped top and four cylindrical legs). A geometrically-describable thing might be tangible or intangible. Note that what counts as "approximating" a given simple geometric shape -- and thus what spatial things count as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>s -- varies with context. In a context that was so fine-grained shape-wise that even the shapes of the individual molecules on the surface of an object were considered relevant to the object's shape, perhaps nearly every (connected, solid) tangible object would be geometrically-describable. In more everyday contexts, on the other hand, an unopened can of soup would be geometrically-describable (as a cylinder), while a telephone or an animal's body would probably not. physical measurable quantity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxknOmVZQdeQUJLqO_1Uzg" class="cyc_term">ScalarQuantity</a> (q.v.). Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a> is a quantity that can (at least in principle) be the measure of a physical, spatial, or temporal aspect of an individual. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Area</a>. For those physical quantities that only characterize tangible objects, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rygxStLLcQdecMqyUNVYD1g" class="cyc_term">TangiblePhysicalQuantity</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv26H6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">hasPhysicalQuantity</a>. PhysicalQuantity An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPckdtHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeBySensibleFeature</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4-ShYsdNEdaAAACQJ5paaQ" class="cyc_term">VisibleThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFWJKUEYKEdiK8gACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">ColoredThing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> which has some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rs8MpBnStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ChromaticColor</a> (q.v.). An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFWJKUEYKEdiK8gACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">ColoredThing</a> need not be (chromatically) colored all over; it is sufficient that some part of it is (chromatically) colored. Thus, for example, while a completely clear window would not be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFWJKUEYKEdiK8gACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">ColoredThing</a>, a window with a bright red pattern etched onto (part of) it would be. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFWJKUEYKEdiK8gACs5b6-g" class="cyc_term">ColoredThing</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWEE8SMH7Qded391fPyZWRQ" class="cyc_term">ColorlessThing</a> (q.v.). colored thing ColoredThing The collection of all physically complex instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStorageMedia</a> in which a change of state in necessary in order to store information. Common specs include film, magnetic tape or discs, computer memory, mechanical odometers, and Etch-a-sketches. Pieces of paper or chalk boards are not included in this collection. information storage device InformationStorageDevice character sequence A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> is a string of characters or an abstract sequence of symbols. Note that an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> is not any particular physical, tangible representation, since different encodings may represent the same string of characters. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> is a list (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUAU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">List</a>) of characters (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVzt_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Character_Abstract</a>) from some fixed character set. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> may be any finite length, including zero (the zero-length string is the empty string, which has no characters). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EMailAddress</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AreaCode</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjs7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhoneNumber</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3pZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TelephoneCountryCode</a>. Note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> is ordered formally as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtUAU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">List</a> (rather than physically left-to-right or top-to-bottom); thus the 'first' character in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a> for an Arabic word happens to be the rightmost (first pronounced) character, not the leftmost character, due to the letter-order and word-order convention for Arabic writing. CharacterString Organization An Organization is a company, corporation, firm, or institution that has its own functions and administration. organization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4Gu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlantBLO</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of this collection is a physical part of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a>. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BotanicalOrgan</a>; but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjub5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlantPart</a> also includes many smaller plant parts which display a similar level of organization -- they have vascular tissue, ground tissue, and an epidermis -- but are not included in the traditional understanding of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BotanicalOrgan</a> (i.e. leaves, stems, roots and flowers). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3u1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlantPartType</a>. plant part PlantPart A collection of chemical compounds containing carbon. organic compound OrganicCompound device that is used only once Device-OneTimeUse The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhoWkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_OneTimeUse</a> is a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhoWkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_OneTimeUse</a> is a device which is intended to be used only once in its primary or intended function. In many cases, it will be impossible to use the device again because of some effect of its use which destroys its ability to perform its function. In some cases, it may be physically possible to use the device again, but normally it wouldn't be re-used. Examples include instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr4rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandGrenade</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1mBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Condom</a>. For stuff-like products that are 'used up', see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConsumableProduct</a>. inorganic compound InorganicCompound An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> and a specialization of #$InorganicStuff. An instance of this collection is composed of a single type of molecule with no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a> - <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hydrogen</a> bonds. WeatherEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeatherEvent</a> is a meteorological event of some duration, occurring over some spatial region. Some weather events are almost instantaneous (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LightningEvent</a>), while others are quite lengthy (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnnualClimateCycle</a>). Spatially, weather events may cover a small locality or a large portion of a continent. weather A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_Rotation</a> the most salient moving object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXxi65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryObjectMoving</a>) rotates (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHI-X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectRotating</a>). That is, the object rotates about an axis (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhWXX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">axisOfRotation</a>) that spatially intersects it (or goes through a hole in it). Examples include the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis and the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A non-example is the orbiting of the Earth around the sun, as the axis of the orbit does not spatially intersect the Earth. Movement-Rotation rotation sport Sport The collection of all sports considered as abstract activities. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsEvent</a> for events of engaging whole units of such sports and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgH-XZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AthleticActivity</a> for activity of the type engaged in while performing sports. Sports which are also games, are members of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>. The activity of participating in SPORT is an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingFn</a> SPORT). Language A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>. Each instance of this collection is a generative system of signs for transmitting information. These signs are normally conventional and arbitrary in nature, though the case of body language is a (borderline) exception to this. The reality of any given language consists in its being interpretable by some community (usually human -- cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>). This is not quite true of #$ComputerLanguages, however such languages are only possible insofar as some kind of automation of the process of interpretation (by computers) has been effected. In the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadLanguage</a>s, the community may not longer exist (although even if no-one can _speak_ such languages any longer, currently-interpretable texts often remain, cf., for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtticGreekDialect</a>). Languages are most often spoken, but not always (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-Tl2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SignLanguage</a>). It is also worth noting that not every system of signs is a language; a certain richness of possible expression is required. Thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv30UjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MorseCode</a>, for example, though a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>, is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Finally, this collection is not intended to cover the special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional or other group, or a characteristic style of speech or writing (e.g. 'Shakespearean language'). language source code ComputerCode A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFn8s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAIS</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> is an abstract list of instructions expressed in some computer language (see #$ComputerLanguage) including executable binary code. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> is an abstraction of a game that is played according to a semi-rigid set of rules. Each instance includes both the rules (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwF89YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameRulesFn</a>) and a specification of any physical components required for play (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ball</a>, etc.). Neither <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s of playing games (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAGame</a>) nor any physical components required for play (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>s) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. game Game An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Fb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Card</a> is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff -- usually cardstock paper, although it could be plastic or thin metal -- bearing some kind of information. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Fb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Card</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjO6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessCard</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyMSx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostCard</a>. Note that electronic objects that perform the same functions as some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Fb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Card</a> (for example, electronic greeting cards) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Fb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Card</a>. card Card <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a> is a device that typically has exactly one (i.e., one and only one) "user" who is the only individual who derives the value of its single function at a single time. A screwdriver (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Screwdriver</a>) is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>, but a grand piano (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1TNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GrandPiano</a>) is not. A borderline non-example is a multiple-passenger car --- although only one person operates it, several can "use" it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function (transportation). So a multiple-passenger car is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>. A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, each phone generally has just one user at a time. So a telephone is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCTzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Device_SingleUser</a>, but a telephone-circuit is not. Device-SingleUser single-user device linguistic expression type LinguisticExpressionType Instances of this collection facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro_E5wXdvEdiKjwAH6RYvSQ" class="cyc_term">LinguisticExpressionPeg</a>s according to various properties (e.g. linguistic gender or number) of the expression used to introduce the refent peg into the discourse. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro_GH4HdvEdiKjwAH6RYvSQ" class="cyc_term">ExpressionTypeByGender</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro_GH4XdvEdiKjwAH6RYvSQ" class="cyc_term">ExpressionTypeByNumber</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqZFUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TruthFunction</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a> is either a property of things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV56npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnaryPredicate</a>) or a relationship holding between two or more things. Like other truth-functions, predicates, or rather the expressions that represent or denote them, are used to form sentences. More precisely, any CycL expression that denotes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a> (and only such an expression) can appear in the "0th" (or "arg0") position (i.e. as the term following the opening parenthesis) of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTB1DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAtomicSentence</a> (q.v.). Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV56npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnaryPredicate</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuaternaryPredicate</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuintaryPredicate</a>. Note that, despite its name, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a> is a collection of relations, and not a collection of expressions that represent or denote such relations. Predicate predicate A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> is a collection whose membership changes over time. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>) is a time dependent collection. A given portion of water might be an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>) in the summer, and an instance of the disjoint collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>) in the winter. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzndCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeIndependentCollection</a> (q.v.) because the collection of integers does not change its membership over time. time dependent collection TimeDependentCollection type of thing Collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all collections of things. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> is a kind or type of thing whose instances share a certain property, attribute, or feature. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> is the collection of all and only cats, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOckfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryFunction</a> is the collection of all and only functions taking two arguments. The notion of collection is fundamental to the Cyc ontology, and is thus difficult to define in a precise and substantive way. But it is instructive to compare it to the mathematical notion of a set (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>). Like a set, a collection is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpJ-nSEkJQdeC8NLkYPDBBw" class="cyc_term">AbstractThing</a> (i.e. aspatial and atemporal) that is not an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (cf.), but instead has elements (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGWaK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a>). Unlike a set, however, the elements or "instances" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) of a given collection can vary from context to context, and it is possible for distinct collections to have exactly the same elements (i.e. to have the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN2YGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">extent</a>) with respect to a given context. For example, the (non-reified) collections "Chordate" and "Renate" are co-extensional in the context of the present-day actual world, but have differring extents with respect to hypothetical contexts in which there exist creatures having hearts but not kidneys. This difference is sometimes summarized by saying that sets are "extensional" things and collections are "intensional" things. Many, though by no means all, of the collections reified in the Cyc ontology correspond to natural kinds or classes. It is particulary useful to reify collections that are difficult to define precisely, but about which there are many common-sense rules and other things to state. For example, it would not be worthwile to introduce a constant 'WhiteCat', both because it's easy to define the collection of white cats in terms of more general, already-reified notions (e.g. '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEcGC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionIntersection2Fn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBjWwGHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>)'), and because there's not much to say about that particular collection. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsX6vHnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteCollarWorker</a>, on the other hand, is a good collection to have reified, as it is hard to define precisely, yet is a collection about which there are many things to say. Some of the many reified specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode A collection of collections of collections. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> is the collection of all (and only) types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>s. More precisely, a thing COLLTYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> if and only if COLLTYPE is a non-empty collection all of whose instances are collections. Example: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzQbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByCulture</a>, each of whose instances is the collection of all persons who participate in some particular human culture, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a>. CollectionType type of collection NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode