]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. clarifying collection type ClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type

eloquence Having a natural facility eloquence or fluency with written or spoken words particularly with one's native language (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nativeLanguage</a>). Good writers are often <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcsGcsHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ArticulateOrEloquent</a>. ArticulateOrEloquent

founding FoundingAnOrganization The collection of all events in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is formally established.

PharmaceuticalType drug Chemical compounds which have known biological effects and are consumed in order to produce those effects (or some of them, anyway). Note that not all instances of each of these are consumed to produce those effects. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1fXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nitroglycerine</a> would be an example - sometimes it's consumed for its coronary effects, but sometimes it's consumed in explosions.) This collection was created to distinguish between e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWW-gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TetracyclineAntibiotic</a> and a mixture whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ITpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">constituents_Active</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWW-gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TetracyclineAntibiotic</a>, but in fact only contains 1% of that substance.

Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtiEkBizjQdicSd6q-NEThQ" class="cyc_term">Criterion</a> is an action-guiding <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a>, where the guidance is normative in some sense. There are two major aspects to this. First, the instance could represent how something is supposed to be. These instances belong to the sub-collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a>, which is a description of what the properties of some action or entity should be. The second sense, captured by the sub-collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmnue2mY1QdiRc_lsH8F4Pg" class="cyc_term">EvaluativeCriterion</a>, dictates how to rate the worth or quality of entities. Overall, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtiEkBizjQdicSd6q-NEThQ" class="cyc_term">Criterion</a> inform an agent of how to perform an action, either by directly prescribing the action or its products or by contributing information for an evaluatory action. criterion Criterion

detector The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information. Note: If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity. E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc. In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, `well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors. Sensor

UnitedStatesPerson An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByNationality</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesPerson</a> is a person who is currently among that country's citizens (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">citizens</a>), or is a participant in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4VbZRgIxQdeJv7K4QRyNQg" class="cyc_term">NationalCulture</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjD0_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesCulture</a>). American

quantity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRh__wMhMQdeRr7ffGIZWMw" class="cyc_term">ScalarOrVectorInterval</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> is an abstract individual that is at most partly numeric and that is used as measurement or a rating of a thing. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> has two significant specializations: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxknOmVZQdeQUJLqO_1Uzg" class="cyc_term">ScalarQuantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSn2dbK46EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">VectorQuantity</a> (qq.v.). Quantity

LegislativeAct legislative act A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVmSbssENEduAAADggVbxzQ" class="cyc_term">LegislativeAct</a> is the collection of all acts put forth by a legislative body as part of the process of introducing or revising laws.

The set of lexical items which may attach to the beginning of a word. Example: 'un', as in 'unhappy'. LexicalPrefix prefix

stereotype Stereotype

HalogenElementType halogen A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjnYvQCYfEdaGOQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">HalogenElementType</a> is a type of non-metallic element. The term "halogen" means "salt-former", and compounds containing instances of halogens are known as "salts". Instances of halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells. The five natural instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjnYvQCYfEdaGOQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">HalogenElementType</a> are are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8dJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Iodine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Astatine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bromine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fluorine</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chlorine</a>. Element 117 would also be an instance if it were created.

TerroristAct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAct</a> is an action which is performed with a political objective, and which is intended to be coercive through inducing terror (typically through the threat of future attacks). Historically, the perpetrators of terrorist acts have not considered military targets to be uniformly more legitimate than civilian targets. An important specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a>. terrorist act

exposure An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhuTpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExposureEvent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> the central focus of which is something's being exposed to something else for some period of time. (The notion of X's being exposed to Y is difficult to define precisely, but very roughly it means that Y has access to, or can reach, X.) A notable specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvffvS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExposureToSubstance</a>. For the action that initiates an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhuTpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExposureEvent</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0piiOpStQdiY0uVJiFBiPA" class="cyc_term">ExposingSomething</a>. ExposureEvent

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYpvzltAGQdaNqZqxKzxzGg" class="cyc_term">SurpriseAttack</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which a surprise attack is launched against an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Typically, an ambush has been set up on a route and the target moves into the ambush. ambushing AmbushingATangible

PrintedStyleOfWriting printing Writing in which characters are printed according to some sort of standard. Unlike the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHDt9OHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">CursiveStyleOfWriting</a>, in printed writing, characters tend to be separated from one another by whitespace, since the writing implement is lifted off the page frequently.

carnivore An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> that classifies organisms by their typical source of food. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkE9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carnivore</a> typically eat animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products) exclusively. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkE9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carnivore</a> is _not_ an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (q.v.); cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarnivoreOrder</a>. Also note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkE9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carnivore</a> is not necessarily a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a>; e.g. carnivorous plants both digest insects and produce food using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chlorophyll</a>. Carnivore

stance Stance

database Database-Physical A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmUy0ojIYEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">StructuredKnowledgeSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a> is an IBO (either hardcopy or electronic) that stores many pieces of information, organized for easy scanning and access. Typically, a database involves one or more formatted data record schemes, together with some functionality for searching and retrieving data. Note that, as an IBO, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a> is some particular, tangible copy of a database. To refer to the abstract "content" of a database, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-RqtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_AbstractContent</a>, which is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. For computer programs which deal with databases, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpSND0QrSEdaQqAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">DatabaseProgram</a>.

breed DogTypeByBreed A collection of collections. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>s with a common history of development. Generally, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> are also instances of one of its specializations: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxKgqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed_Pure</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKYq3FkIQdidCbQu1bdTeQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed_Wild</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_TD-_lkPQdiQXYctlLeJ3Q" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed_Mix</a>. Because of the historical development of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>s with specific traits useful to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> (task-suitable temperament, behavior, and physical form), classification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>s according to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> is common even when that ancestry is not restricted to an identifiable pure breed or wild type. Mixed-breed dogs, for example, are often classified by the types of dogs they appear to have as close ancestors.

Signal signal A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Signal</a> is an IBT which may be interpreted (whether by a conscious user of learned signalling rules, by a computer program, or even by a cell in terms of its subsequent behaviour) as conveying some specific information. Examples include car-horn honkings, internet packets, and proteins which travel into cells across the plasma membrane. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4NEApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingWavePropagation</a>. Note that this collection is intended to embrace only signals themselves, not events of signalling. On the importance of keeping these two separate, see the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. The distinction between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKrQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> lies in the fact that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Signal</a>s are one-time-only transfers of specific information, whereas a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKrQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SymbolicThing</a> is open to its characteristic interpretation any time it is encountered. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDZeOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">signifiesTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX_fqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">signifies</a>.

open-air Outdoors-ExposedToWeather The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are outside under the sky, exposed to weather, not immersed in water, not in space, and not underground.

The collection of all grants, which are specifications of how a particular allotment of money is to be used. A type of the union of { cooperative agreements, grants } and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSOkiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EconomicAgreement</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruolPJMdJEduAAADggVbxzQ" class="cyc_term">Grant</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmXDqMOdwEduAAADggVbxzQ" class="cyc_term">AwardInstrumentType</a>, a (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>)), and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>. grant Grant

The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>. A person native to an area of Europe not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EuropeanCitizenOrSubject</a>. EuropeanCitizenOrSubject European

Mythology The collection of all mythologies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVu5F_CwJQdidHpnfxZV_Mw" class="cyc_term">Mythology</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MicrotheoryType</a>. mythology

transaction Transaction A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6wB1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CooperationEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Transaction</a> is an event in which goods, services, or funds are willingly exchanged or transferred. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTransfer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bartering</a>.

The collection of all passwords. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IDString</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlyNhMSp4EdiUfwAH6RYvSQ" class="cyc_term">Password</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IDStringType</a>. Password password

BoneTheStuff bone Hard largely calcareous connective tissue of which the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed.

WebSite A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is composed of a homepage and zero or more additional instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXJevZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WebPage_CW</a> connected by hyperlinks to the site's homepage. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is maintained by a single webmaster or group of webmasters, and is thematically unified in some way, on a single computer, an intranet or on the $WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource (in which case the more specific term, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvz7_25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebSite</a>, should be used. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJtdTVoJNQdeOqaFkQvl7dw" class="cyc_term">WebSite</a> is normally designed with the intention that a visitor will enter the site via its homepage, and navigate to other pages in the site via hyperlinks. website

integer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RationalNumber</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a> is a whole number with no fractional remainder. An integer may be positive (e.g. 42), zero, or negative (e.g. -42). Note that, in the KB browser, a fixed- or floating-point number representation such as `42.00' should not be assumed to refer to the integer 42. For it might only appear to correspond to that integer within the tolerance of its representation, and might in fact be an approximation to a non-integer number such as 42.0003. Also note that, unlike <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbgpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SubLInteger</a> (q.v.) is a collection of integer-denoting expressions in the SubL programming language rather than a collection of integers themselves. Still, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbgpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SubLInteger</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>) holds, but only under a special interpretation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a> forced by the fact that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWbgpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SubLInteger</a> is a #$quotedCollection (q.v).) Integer

Biped A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8BnMItSNEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Biped</a> is an animal that is a member of a class of animals instances of which tend to be capable of locomoting on two legs, and tend to use two-legged locomotion (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwToBGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Locomotion_TwoLegged</a>) somewhat more regularly than other forms of leg-based locomotion. biped

AsianCitizenOrSubject Asian The collection of people who are citizens of, or otherwise by status under the jurisdiction of, a country or other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> whose territory is located in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAsia</a>. A person native to an area of Asia not under the jurisdiction of any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> would also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsianCitizenOrSubject</a>.

network Network

A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Each instance is an urban district having corporate status and powers of self-government. Municipality municipality

footnote Footnote

Event event An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> and thus also of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> is a dynamic situation in which the state of the world changes; each instance is something one would say "happens". Events are intangible because they are changes per se, not tangible objects that effect and undergo changes. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s should not be confused with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s (q.v.). The temporal bounds of events are delineated by time intervals, but in contrast to many events time intervals have no spatial location or extent.

pornography PornographicMaterial The collection of texts or images judged by some sectors of a particular community to be obscene. This collection encompasses both of the more specific collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6Hb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PornographicPicture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvthkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EroticStory</a>.

GovernmentalOrganization governmental organization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is an organization that is governmental, either departments of one particular government (e.g., the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviTbqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalCommunicationsCommission</a>) or confederations or cooperative groups consisting of different governments or representatives from a number of different governments (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OPEC</a>). Because instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> cannot properly be said to have owners (rather, they have members), they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and, hence, the two collections, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, are disjoint.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> there is a significant risk of death, injury, or property damage. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> which actually result in large numbers of deaths or injuries or large amounts of property damage, are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1YzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisasterEvent</a>. If a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a> naturally occurs, it is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3hz-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalHazard</a>. hazard DangerousSituation

The common sub-collection of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVib1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Specification</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtiEkBizjQdicSd6q-NEThQ" class="cyc_term">Criterion</a>. Each instyance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a> is a conceptual work that describes how something should be. The instances can refer to instances or whole sub-collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. Thus, the conceptual work associated with an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzjPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blueprint</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a> because it describes what the properties of the resultant building should be. Familiar specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Obligation</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Instructions</a>. design NormativeSpecification

The collection of all nonfiction literary compositions intended to be published as a subdivision of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PublishedMaterial</a>. article Article-PCW

clearance SecurityClearance

FindingSomething A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqOsrBtcSQdaEQ5okwgIq3g" class="cyc_term">ConsciousActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR_P0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FindingSomething</a> is an event in which something is found. An agent may find something deliberately ("I finally found my glasses after looking for them for twenty minutes") or accidentally ("By chance, I found a twenty dollar bill lying on the sidewalk"). The thing found may be tangible, as in the examples just given, or intangible ("She found an elegant solution to the math problem"). A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWM3_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FindingAPhysicalObject</a> (q.v.). finding

A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxQhVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndustryType</a> is a general industry, by function, which is the collection of all local or geographically-defined industries (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Industry_Localized</a>) that perform that function. So the funeral industry in general is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxQhVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndustryType</a>, whereas the Ohio funeral industry is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Industry_Localized</a> (as is the worldwide funeral industry whose 'locale' is just large). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxQhVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndustryType</a> can have local examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Industry_Localized</a> as its instances. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhjdbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductionIndustryTypeFn</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvksEoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndustryOfRegionFn</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7jNFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MtOfIndustryTypeFn</a>. industry IndustryType

conflict ConflictEvent A collection of all events in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> that can be called 'conflicts'. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a> CONF, there are at least two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s AGT1 and AGT2 such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpf1a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">opponentsInConflict</a> AGT1 AGT2 CONF) holds. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a> CONF, there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of CONF, which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>s, and there are GOAL1 and GOAL2 such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> AGT1 ACT1 GOAL1), (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">purposeInEvent</a> AGT2 ACT2 GOAL2), and GOAL1 and GOAL2 are in conflict, i.e., (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">and</a> GOAL1 GOAL2) is not consistent (in the current <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>).

vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingOrganization</a> is an organization whose main function (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actsInCapacity_MainFunction</a>) is the manufacture or production of goods. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManufacturingOrganization</a> may be departments, suborganizations, companies, or conglomerate enterprises. ManufacturingOrganization producer

carcass (DeadPhysicalRemainsFn Animal) The collection of all carcasses. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadAnimal</a>.

brutalizing BrutalizingSomeone A collection of situations; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwW_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalConditionType</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVzCorKFEdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">BrutalizingSomeone</a>, something makes someone brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman.

female Female BLOs having or being female sex organs or secondary female sexual characteristics and performing female sexual functions, such as receiving pollen or bearing young.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDkbmEUvwEdaZRgACs0uXdw" class="cyc_term">ProgramObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGxWxg1L1EdaCtgACs0uXdw" class="cyc_term">DataStream</a> is a stream of data. This includes all streams, including Input and Output streams, as well as Byte and Character streams, and more complex objects such as files. stream DataStream

RDFTripleStore-Physical RDF triple store physical A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmUy0ojIYEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">StructuredKnowledgeSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVreUpM2pEduAAAACs2IKfQ" class="cyc_term">RDFTripleStore_Physical</a> is an IBO (either hardcopy or electronic) that stores RDF triples.

An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> that is not itself a group composed of other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>, since instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> are groups composed of other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>. being IndividualAgent

AntibodyType antibody The collection of all antibodies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3cDeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AntibodyType</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv93EfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionType</a>.

urge PhysicalUrgeType A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryReactionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalUrgeType</a> is a type of urge (to do something) that animals have. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalUrgeType</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrgeToSneeze</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrgeToScratch</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCmmbJMbIQdebE8vdJRqp5g" class="cyc_term">UrgeToEat</a>.

omnivore A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a> (q.v.) and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Omnivore</a> are those animals whose natural diets consist of both plants (or plant parts or plant-derived products) and animals (or animal parts or animal-derived products). Thus a human vegetarian is still omnivorous, since meat is part of our "natural" diet. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pig</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bear_Animal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkC8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Herbivore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkE9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carnivore</a>. Omnivore

allegation An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0X5tEjoYQdeKeYVQVwTYEA" class="cyc_term">Allegation</a> is a negative, but unproven statement about someone, often stated in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWFOSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Accusing</a> event. Allegation

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5bIxEILrQdmRDo8nIKJuMw" class="cyc_term">Policy</a> is a specification which contains the terms of some policy of a particular agent or agents. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5bIxEILrQdmRDo8nIKJuMw" class="cyc_term">Policy</a> is thus stronger than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlvOL4mY1QdiY7KN-1Xb3Fw" class="cyc_term">NormativeSpecification</a>, since some normative specifications may describe the way the world should be without describing what agents should do. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5bIxEILrQdmRDo8nIKJuMw" class="cyc_term">Policy</a> would include U.S. Federal government hiring policies (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationPolicy</a>), an individual's policy to refrain from violating rules of grammar when writing, to go to the gym three times a week, or to be honest (it is widely noted that honesty is the best policy). Note that most policies with more than one committed agent are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agreement</a> (q.v.), a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5bIxEILrQdmRDo8nIKJuMw" class="cyc_term">Policy</a>. policy Policy

captive The collection of all animals that are caged, tied, kept in an animal container, or otherwise held captive. There is some intersection here with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DomesticPet</a>, but not complete. Some elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> are members of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CaptiveAnimal</a>, e.g., political detainees, imprisoned criminals, kidnap victims. CaptiveAnimal

The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>s who specialize in selling at least one type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a> at the wholesale or retail level. vendor Vendor

BioregulatorType bioregulator Bioregulators are '[b]iochemicals normally present in humans in small amounts that regulate the release of hormones that control normal body functions. Bioengineered bioregulators could be weaponized and function similar to toxins. They would cause disruption in normal body function and homeostasis. These agents would have the advantage that their effects would be immediate, they could escape detection and they could be more potent than traditional chemical agents and toxins.' (definition courtesy of the Vermont Health Alert Network, http://www.vdh.state.vt.us/common/define.htm)

An odor is a quality that a tangible object or piece of free space may have, or an agent may detect. The predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnigXmH8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">objectEmitsOdor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ronM1-H8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">placeHasOdor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">smells</a> can map from those individuals to an Odor respectively. All odors have a projection onto magnitude axis. odor Odor

explosive A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousTangibleThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgESN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExplosiveMaterial</a> is a chemical substance that under certain circumstances (usually upon the application of heat or shock) will decompose or rearrange very quickly, yielding large amounts of gas and heat. Explosive material can either deflagrate (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rukWzHOz3QdaYw-oxBDn1_Q" class="cyc_term">LowExplosive</a>) or detonate (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruIWR5uz3QdaBSLbfpbbtDQ" class="cyc_term">HighExplosive</a>). ExplosiveMaterial

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvj_RK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vendor</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SellingOrganization</a> is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalesDepartment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViK6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AdvertisingAgency</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RetailOrganization</a>. SellingOrganization vendor

The collection of all organizations whose members ar themselves organizations. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzrBuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfOrganizations</a> is a (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>)). OrganizationOfOrganizations league

Moral-AesopKind moral Moral of a story or fable. This piece of information is the lesson or the 'greater truth' which is a part of the larger InformationThing (usually some sort of Narrative --like a fable, a story, or a parable.

PastelColor pastel The collection of all pastels. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsy97onStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LightColor</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVVVJsiy8Qdicw56gEul3BA" class="cyc_term">PastelColor</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv93EfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionType</a>.

MuscleTissue A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MuscleTissue</a> is a quantity of muscle tissue; that is, tissue composing biological organs that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. Note that as this collection is a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>, it only covers "undetached" muscle parts. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Muscle</a>, the collection of masses of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MuscleTissue</a> attached at both ends that are controlled by nerves, and move one or more body parts. muscle

biome A collection of collections. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNQuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiomeType</a> is a type of broad plant and animal community, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEAo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Grassland</a>. BiomeType

Referral referral

A collection of subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8TpGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingCard</a> in which each instance is a collection containing all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8TpGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingCard</a>s of a particular suit, i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbgsJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Club_TheSuit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK1mVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond_TheSuit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3nTTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart_TheSuit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR6VYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spade_TheSuit</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvluTT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tarot_TheSuit</a>. suit Suit-PlayingCardType

losing Losing

The collection of all movies that have been rated "R" ("Restricted") by the Motion Picture Association of America. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rj6K0EnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RestrictedRating</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPBitxHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MPAAAdvisoryClassification_Film</a>. R RestrictedRating

EndingOfTemporalThing ending A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjk6MsMCfEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">EndingOfTemporalThing</a> is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> comes to a (permanent) end, i.e. ceases to temporally subsume the present moment (and does not temporally subsume any future moment). (We use the vague "moment" instead of the precise <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimePoint</a>, as we do not want to rule out the possibility that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a> may gradually come to an end.) Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjk6MsMCfEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">EndingOfTemporalThing</a> include the ending of #$WorldWarII, the death of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJ5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Socrates</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPce3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheTwentiethCenturyCE</a>'s coming to an end. Specializations of this collection can be specified compositionally using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0saKNtO1EdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">EndingFn</a>. A notable specialization, in which the thing coming to an end is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>, is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DestructionEvent</a>.

acronym When the name of something consists of many words, often an acronym will be formed out of the first letter of each word in the name and this will be used to refer to the thing instead of the full name. For example, the ''American Association for Artificial Intelligence'' is often referred to as AAAI. Acronym

ReligiousOrganization A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BeliefSystemFocusGroup</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReligiousOrganization</a> is an organization whose members share religious beliefs and participate in meetings, rituals, or practices related to those beliefs. Religious organizations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViolJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalReligiousCongregation</a>s such as local churches, temples, mosques and shrines (qua organizations), as well as worldwide religious organizations such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a>. religious group

estimation The collection of microtheories containing propositions that represent beliefs by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> which are the result of inexact judgmental reasoning. For example, IBM's estimate on January 1, 1992, of fourth quarter earnings for 1991. This concept encompasses the common meaning of `estimate' and also `guess'. This contrasts with beliefs which are derived primarily from rigorous or reliable reasoning, direct observation, or consultation of authoritative sources. This also contrasts with intentional lies and works of fiction, which are not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Estimate</a>s. Estimate

Politics politics The collection of activities, methods, and tactics in furtherance of affecting governmental policies (or sometimes activities of other large institutions).

Talent talent

DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution degree granting institution <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnDzV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvac70pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HigherEducationInstitution</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnDzV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution</a> is a higher education institution that grants degrees. For those that do not grant degrees, such as colleges of universities, e.g. Trinity College, Cambridge, see specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBzjI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonDegreeGrantingInstitution</a>.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcx7avnK6QdiKLYWCkThr9w" class="cyc_term">ContinuousTimeInterval</a> (q.v.). A continuous time-interval is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> if and only if it has a standardly-defined location on particular calendar. Here, having a "standardly-defined location" means that the interval is a standard unit of time (with respect to some calendar) whose start and end times can be specified in whole-number multiples of that and larger units. Thus the midnight hour GMT on 1 January 2000 CE is a date; but neither the five-hour-long interval between midnight and 5:00 AM GMT nor the hour-long interval between 12:15 and 1:15 AM GMT on that same day are dates. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjDIG0hYWEdiZsQACs2G8_A" class="cyc_term">CalendarMilliSecond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMinute</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarHour</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-DA4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolarDay</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCfBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarWeekend</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FiscalYear</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVLBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMillennium</a>. date Date

The collection of types of abnormal medical or psychological conditions indicated by a collection of symptoms, but not attributed to a single infecting organism. syndrome AilmentConditionTypeBySyndrome

Institution institution A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance is an organization founded and united for a specific purpose.

shutdown ClosingAFacility The collection of all instances of <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a></code> that consist of causing some facility to change from an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfTIy6nS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OpenFacility</a> to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk5QAAHS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ClosedFacility</a>.

Collectible The collection of all things that are typically collected as a hobby. A (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>)). collectable

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a> is a device used for transporting either people or cargo through the air. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Airplane</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Helicopter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HotAirBalloon</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwpMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroundToOrbitVehicle</a>. aircraft AirTransportationDevice

Feature feature

PeriodicalSeries periodical The collection of all static textual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhz6_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MediaSeriesProduct</a>s that come out on a regular basis. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaipZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalSeries</a> is not created at one time, but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLunEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalIssue</a> are produced on a somewhat regular basis.

Electrolyte electrolyte The collection of all polyatomic chemical stuffs that decompose into ions when disolved in water. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r18jLDP5gQdaIKpIw6WH1LA" class="cyc_term">Electrolyte</a> may be a mixture of chemical compounds. It need not be an instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>.

DemographicInformation The collection of all demographics. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEbs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DemographicInformation</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV7wS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DBQueryInfoType</a>. demographics

The ethnic group living generally in North Africa and the Middle East. Members generally speak some form of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabicLanguage</a>. EthnicGroupOfArabs Arab

LexicalSuffix The set of lexical items which may attach to the end of a word. Example: 'less', as in 'fearless'. suffix

This is the collection of all things which are owned. Members of this collection may be tangible, such as real estate, or intangible, such as the rights to produce a movie based on a particular book. Property property

DisruptionEvent disruption A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rd8mYMjD4QdiIYpve1r6fkg" class="cyc_term">PreventingSomething</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTZzhtMMOEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">DisruptionEvent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> in which some other event is disrupted, i.e. prevented from occurring as usual, expected, or planned.

Perspective perspective

ManufacturedGoods product The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s that are made or processed in large-scale industrial operations for distribution (normally sale) to agents outside the manufacturing organization. This includes manufactured stuff, e.g. Finlandia vodka; refined ore, e.g. iron; otherwise procesed natural material, e.g. cut diamonds, as well as manufactured objects. This collection excludes handicrafts; privately made stuff, e.g. moonshine; and other artifacts produced by one or a few people on a small scale.

Abbreviation A shortened version of a written word or phrase. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHOBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Acronym</a> is a specific type of abbreviation. abbreviation

terrorist support organization The collection of organizations that provide some sort of support to terrorist organizations. TerroristSupportOrganization

ComputerDataStructure datastructure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFn8s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAIS</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3NMwBjgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ComputerDataStructure</a> is data structured in such a way that when it is stored a computer can use it efficiently. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3NMwBzgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Array_DataStructure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3NNXEDgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">HashTable_DataStructure</a>.

ZipCode A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQraSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostalCode</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK0XQ7D7YQdeHIenssJ50xA" class="cyc_term">NumericString</a> (qq.v.). This is the type of postal code used in the United States. Zip codes are represented as numeric strings of either five or nine digits; see the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVkJluS0QdeQErcnbF8KHg" class="cyc_term">ZipCode_FiveDigit</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhT08OOS1QdeMAurF5UvdAA" class="cyc_term">ZipCode_NineDigit</a>. zip code

A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcbTVwc5uEdeX_wACs6hRuw" class="cyc_term">Facility_Generic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a> that is designed for a specific use or to accomodate a specific type of (human or animal) activity. facility Facility-Generic

Reputation reputation

gas Gaseous-StateOfMatter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> is an object of a single chemical species in the gaseous state of matter. Objects in the gaseous state of matter are at a high enough temperature or low enough pressure for the type of matter involved that the molecules are not bonded even weakly to their neighbors, and readily break free. Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers), no shape independent of a container, and by great expandability and compressibility. Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: the helium in a child's balloon; the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere; the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere.

instances are the various results a trial can have. VerdictOfTrial verdict

The collection of bank acounts. BankAccount bank account

The collection of people who have graduated from some educational institution. graduate Graduate

A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbB4BkCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TakingAPersonPrisoner</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC06qoLpJQdib07Sk4ep8iQ" class="cyc_term">AbductingSomeone</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> is taken captive, moved somewhere, and held by another (or group of others). Abductions are usually done illegally; see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcCFeBCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">KidnappingSomeone</a>. But note that this need not be the case. For example, in certain circumstances a government agent might legally abduct a person for questioning; a parent might legally abduct a minor from the grounds of a religious cult; some people claim to have been abducted by aliens. Note also that, while an abduction is typically done against the victim's will, this might not be the case if s/he is (say) unconscious, extremely ill, mentally disturbed, or very young. abduction AbductingSomeone

color A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rr19QJHStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Color</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> such that each has the same main exterior color. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r45WD6H7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> to assert that a particular thing's main exterior color is some color. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r45WD6H7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">mainColorOfObject</a> THING COLOR) states that THING is predominantly the color COLOR. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6lGcdn7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">significantColorOfObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4ZhYNn7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">uniformColorOfObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAl3P4CKLEdeIqACgycbRfg" class="cyc_term">objectHasColor</a>. Color

fantasy Fantasy

video VideoConceptualWork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5_sfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VideoConceptualWork</a> is an abstract work that is intended to be instantiated as an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP19XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovingImage</a>. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnewlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TVShow_CW</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSaF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicVideo</a>.

The collection of events in which something gets fixed. SimpleRepairing repairing

A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWvyI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Winning</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> that are in a winning position in some conflict event. When a participant is winning, it generally means that some advantage is held over the opponent(s) in the conflict, even if the advantage is only temporary. Instances of this collection will usually be functionally denoted using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPdzEMIUQdeQ4I63gl-2kA" class="cyc_term">WinningFn</a>. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPdzEMIUQdeQ4I63gl-2kA" class="cyc_term">WinningFn</a> WAR) denotes the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> that were in a winning position throughout WAR. Winning winning

Prerequisite prerequisite

Appetite appetite

emotion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLxknOmVZQdeQUJLqO_1Uzg" class="cyc_term">ScalarQuantity</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViC_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FeelingAttribute</a> consists of all the varying degrees of such things as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi1AJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Happiness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sadness</a> and other types of emotions. Each instance is a scalar interval that consists of a number and emotional dimension. Rarely, if ever, are these things assigned specific values or ranges of values. But if certain emotional scales came to be used and it proved useful to represent them we could easily assign numeric values to these quantities. Generally, the instances of this collection will be denoted by terms formed by applying the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyorqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GenericValueFunction</a>s to specializations of this collection: e.g. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HighAmountFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjESJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anger</a>). FeelingAttribute

corpse DeadAnimal A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a> (and not, of course, of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, whose instances must be alive). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadAnimal</a> is a corpse or partial remains of an individual animal, somewhat intact, and prior to any butchering, burning, cooking, dissolving, or fully decomposing.

UniformResourceIdentifier URI A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IDString</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4riWEqWBRyQdiVxMme-dz2_w" class="cyc_term">UniformResourceIdentifier</a> (URI) is a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource. The URI syntax is defined by <a href= "http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</a> and is a world wide web standard.

The collection of instances of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3tMrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportViaFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a>) in which the device is actually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0KzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flying</a>. Many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirTransportationDevice</a>s are capable of land or water travel, and often engage in transporting events while in such land or water travel modes (e.g., a plane driving passengers to their gate from the runway, after landing.) FlyingViaAirTransportationDevice flying using an air transporter

WesternHemispherePerson westerner The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who identify themselves (or who are identified by others as) 'westerners.' This is a very broadly defined collection, subsuming both nationalities and ethnic group types.

Holiday A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> is an event featuring social celebrations and/or rituals. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> typically last for one day (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a>) and typically coincide with some day of the year (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarDay</a>). However, some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> (such as the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhn4KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChanukkahHoliday</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP6yFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oktoberfest_Holiday</a>) last for several days. While instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Holiday</a> are often annual events, they may also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner. They are also contextual, as different nationalities and ethnic groups celebrate different ones. holiday

Shiny Shiny gleam

opening OpeningAFacility The collection of all instances of <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a></code> that consist of causing some facility to change from an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk5QAAHS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ClosedFacility</a> to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfTIy6nS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OpenFacility</a>.

DecreaseEvent The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s the focal characteristic of which is a decrease in some quantity. decrease

narrative A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> is an abstract work that recounts a sequence of events (in chronological order or in such a manner that their temporal order can be ascertained) involving some agent or agents. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> may be fictional or factual and, accordingly, may involve instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> or instamces of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHKvgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FictionalCharacter</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Novel_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtn4MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biography</a>. Narrative

conscience Conscience

The most general collection of vulnerable things. A thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5aTPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableThing</a> if it is vulnerable to any threat whatsoever. Whenever possible, a more specific collection should be used. VulnerableThing vulnerability

increase IncreaseEvent The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s the focal characteristic of which is a increase in some quantity.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJXokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Spatial</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> is a spatial path which was either designed as a path by some intelligent agent, or which has a significant known function as a path for movement. Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, and communication links. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a> may be either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> (in which case it would be a path with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6MSn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Cyclic</a>. route Path-Customary

EthnicGroupOfCaucasians Caucasian The collection of persons who consider themselves to be Caucasians. This is a rather vague ethnic designation, usually synonymous with `white person' in naive US ethnic classification schemes.

cursive the cursive style of writing for the different writing systems CursiveStyleOfWriting

The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s which have been incorporated in accordance with the laws of a jurisdiction. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> is a legal entity distinct from its owners and employees, and is afforded certain powers both by law and by its incorporating documents. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> may be either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> organized in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a> is incorporated under the laws of a particular state, although it may be empowered to carry on activities in any state. Most American jurisdictions require that one of the words or abbreviations `corporation', `company', `incorporated', `corp', `co', or `inc' be included in the registered name of a corporation. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cycorp</a>. LegalCorporation legal corporation

affix LexicalAffix A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTg-rURNmEdafLwCw0HTBHw" class="cyc_term">WordConstituent</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8Wmd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalAffix</a> is the collection of all natural language affixes. A lexical affix is a "bound" morpheme: it cannot appear in a phrase without being "bound to" (i.e. concatenated with) another lexical item. (Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalWord</a>.) For further details, see the various specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8Wmd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LexicalAffix</a>.

type of food DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.), and thus a collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a>) that is by default disjoint with every other instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7Wnl6HM-EdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SubmarineSandwich</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCgLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rice_Foodstuff</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYhVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sauerkraut</a>.

flavor A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRNpZ7HSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTaste</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> that share some particular qualitative taste. Some important instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rdXAx1nTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SaltyTaste</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkamOFHS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">BitterTaste</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_ryJ8HS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SweetTaste</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruRWHPnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SourTaste</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRNpZ7HSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByTaste</a> can also be functionally denoted using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWNrucPsIQdaLTdrtkOBwig" class="cyc_term">TasteFn</a>, e.g., (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWNrucPsIQdaLTdrtkOBwig" class="cyc_term">TasteFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pizza</a>) returns the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> that have the taste of pizza. ObjectTypeByTaste

A situation where a person is held in a prison. imprisoning Imprisoning

male <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>s having male sex organs and performing male sexual functions, such as fertilizing ova. Male

address A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGD5pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContactInfoString</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Address_LocationDesignator</a> is a string that describes the relatively permanent location of an individual or organization. For example: "President Bill Clinton, White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC". Addresses that provide an address suitable for delivery of mail are instances of the specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJ1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MailingAddress</a>. Address-LocationDesignator

The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> having a solid crystalline structure. In a crystalline solid the atoms, ions, or molecules are ordered in well-defined arrangements. These solids often have flat faces that make angles with one another. They are frequently translucent and brittle. Crystalline crystal

Projectile-Device The collection of all projectiles. Some instances of this collection, such as cannon balls, arrows, missiles are (intended to be) thrown, hurled, fired, or launched at their targets. The other instances, such as pistol cartridges, shot gun cartridges, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvM2ZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtilleryShell</a>s have parts which are intended to be fired at their targets. Many are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProjectileWeapon</a>s, e.g. instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arrow</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvj9gB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProjectileSlug_Bullet</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveJnI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torpedo</a>, while others are not, e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FootballBall_American</a>. The motive force in a propelling of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFAPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Projectile_Device</a> may come from a distinct <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB9bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProjectileLauncher</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>, but many are self-propelled after leaving the launcher. projectile

CompiledConceptualWork compilation The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>s which are composed of a group of pieces often by different authors or artists. Examples are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQNZDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewspaperIssue</a>s, art exhibits, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViI6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShortStory</a> collections.

cooperation A collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a> that can be called 'cooperations'. For each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6wB1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CooperationEvent</a> COOP the following hold: (i) there are at least two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s AGT1 and AGT2 such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtNvdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partnersInCooperation</a> AGT1 AGT2 COOP), (ii) AGT1 and AGT2 share a GOAL, (iii) there are subevents ACT1 and ACT2 of COOP, both of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>s, such that ACT1 is performed by AGT1 with the intent of furthering GOAL and ACT2 is performed by AGT2 with the intent of furthering GOAL, (iv) AGT1 believes that ACT2 furthers GOAL and AGT2 believes that ACT1 furthers GOAL, and (v) the fact ACT1 and ACT2 both further GOAL is not an unexpected coincidence: it was a part of AGT1's expectation that an act like (i.e. of the same kind as) ACT2, performed by AGT2, would further GOAL; and it was a part of AGT2's expectation that an act like ACT1, performed by AGT1, would further GOAL. CooperationEvent

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a> is a homogeneous partially tangible thing composed of two or more different constituents (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">constituents</a>) which have been mixed. The inputs to this mixing do not form chemical bonds among themselves, and at a later time the mixture may be separated back out into these inputs. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blood</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgC2EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mud</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjADJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Air</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0TZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarbonatedBeverage</a>. Note that each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a> has a composition but not a structure; thus, the following are _not_ instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjon5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mixture</a>, since all have some structure: a wet sponge, a person, or a portion of plywood. mixture Mixture

mineral Mineral A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCJAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mineral</a> is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCJAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mineral</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhEvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Turquoise_Gem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviJhC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Jade_Gem</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS62b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Corundum</a>.

Discrimination discrimination

Nickname Names used for individuals that do not fall into a category of common given names like Betty or Liz. They often are based on some notable characteristic of the referent ('Red' for a red-headed person, 'The Refrigerator' for a very large person). nickname

Regimen regimen

Diplomatic diplomatic

program The collection of radio and television programs. BroadcastMediaShow-CW

asset A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk5HkzryyEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Possession</a>. Each instance is an anything of material value or usefulness. Assets-Possession

Communicator communicator A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. Each instance is a person who communicates with others.

Gimmick gimmick

Memory memory A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MentalInformation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Memory</a> is the propositional content of a mental state in which a person recalls past events. Most commonly those memories concern first-person experiences, but they may include recollections of anything that the person has learned in the past.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB7x55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Name</a>. Each instance of this collection is a name that is given to human beings as a 'family name'. It is thus to be contrasted with (though of course not disjoint with) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0xsZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanGivenName</a>. For a representation of the actual string of letters which makes up any given surname, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanFamilyNameString</a> (and for relating the two, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGMKe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nameSpelling</a>). See also the predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lastName</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN11_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">familyName</a>. LastName HumanSurname

A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Product</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a> is a product that has some tangible component and may, but need not, also have an intangible component. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangibleProduct</a> include copies of a newspaper, photographs, videotapes of `Star Wars', sacks of flour, lumber, and mobile homes. PartiallyTangibleProduct goods

document A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is an IBT a significant part of whose informational content is both (i) encoded in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> (q.v.), usually a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>, and (ii) represented or displayed in a spatial format. Examples include a copy of a newspaper printed in English using the Roman alphabet, a copy of a book printed in English using Braille, and a poster written in Chinese characters. Condition (i) excludes things like hardcopies of drawings, while condition (ii) excludes things like magnetic tapes containing recorded speech. A piece of textual material always involves one or more spatially-localized representations -- usually physical inscriptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7vmsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Inscribed</a>) -- of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>s (q.v.). Textual materials are usually tangible objects (such as the examples given above), but are sometimes intangibles like patterns of light projecting words onto walls or screens. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPublishedText</a>. Note that, while there is considerable overlap between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>, these collections differ in that the latter both includes IBTs that involve no character-string representations and excludes intangibles of any sort. TextualMaterial

technique <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-c445joZQdeL9clHkSkN2A" class="cyc_term">TechniqueType</a> is the the collection of types of practical actions that require specific skills and are used for specific purposes or tasks. Although <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-c445joZQdeL9clHkSkN2A" class="cyc_term">TechniqueType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, techniques are usually not main, general or primary activities, but rather sub-activities that accomplish more specific elements of more general <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>s. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr37pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DoingMath</a> would not be a instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-c445joZQdeL9clHkSkN2A" class="cyc_term">TechniqueType</a>, but a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolvingAMathematicalEquation</a> could be as long as it represents a particular approach towards solving a math problem. TechniqueType

Provision provision

CalendarSeasonType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtlx2ElmbQdeeBJIvuYHGpQ" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_DisjointWithGaps</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh7QtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnnualTemporalObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSeasonType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSeason</a> -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEW85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarWinter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEXNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSpring</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEXaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSummer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEXkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarAutumn</a>. season

school School-AcademicOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm5yiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicOrganization</a>. This collection represents a generalization of the various types of academic organizations which could typically be described as schools. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpo0ncHqGQdeOwLvZU0r7Hw" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViFbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution_KThrough12</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJ4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInUniversity_DegreeGranting</a>.

A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4re9xGTnSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Formality</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingToWear</a> such that each has the same degree of formality. For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rznwL2nslQdeB8KTjmCnHIw" class="cyc_term">Casual</a> is the collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingToWear</a> that are considered casual such as jeans, sweaters, etc.. formality Formality

Axiom axiom

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4riN47rn8gEdaAAABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">ProtectionSituation</a> is a situation in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a> is protected from some action that would otherwise damage or compromise it. Examples include intentional acts of protecting something (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectingSomething</a>), such as a military unit protecting some other unit from enemy attacks, as well as situations in which an unconscious person is protected from a small landside by virtue of being located behind a large rock. protection ProtectionSituation

CarcinogenType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPwvRMnZnQdePE8nJzK_Qig" class="cyc_term">CarcinogenType</a> is a instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> whose instances cause the develpoment of cancerous growths in living tissue. This collection is partitioned into those substances known to cause cancer in humans or animals through industrial operation exposure (for example asbestos), and those substances that have been shown to cause cancer in experimental conditions (for example dimethyl sulfate). carcinogen

feinting A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnTZ5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FeintingAttack</a> attemps to draw an enemy's attention and resources away from some main attack by promoting a misapprehension about the degree of threat posed by the feint. In a military conflict, this could be acheived by inducing an enemy to position his forces, commit his reserves or shift his fire support in reaction to the feint in ways which allow the main attack to be more effective. FeintingAttack

academy SchoolInstitution The collection of all schools. Some are single site organizations, while others have branches. Some are academic, while others teach skills. Some are private institutions while others are public. Rarely would any individual school be asserted to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpo0ncHqGQdeOwLvZU0r7Hw" class="cyc_term">SchoolInstitution</a> since so many specializations of the concept exist.

URL UniformResourceLocator A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGD5pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContactInfoString</a>. Instances of this collection are commonly called "web addresses". Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmQlOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniformResourceLocator</a> (often abbreviated "URL") is a string that can be used to specify an object on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>, such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXJevZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WebPage_CW</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRZ4-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetNewsgroup</a>. The first part of a URL is the name of a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvn3fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetProtocol</a>, such as http, ftp, news, telnet, or mailto, and is followed by a colon. The part immediately following the first colon is different for each protocol, but generally is a string of characters identifying a file location, a username, and/or a password. Some URLs have a third part, consisting of '?' or '#' followed by a query string or the name of a location within a web page. Examples include <a href= "ftp://ftp.downlodes.com/pub/stuff/file.zip">ftp://ftp.downlodes.com/pub/stuff/file.zip</a>, <a href= "http://www.myorg.org/index.html">http://www.myorg.org/index.html</a>, <a href= "news:alt.hypertext">news:alt.hypertext</a>, <a href= "mailto:santa@northpole.com">mailto:santa@northpole.com</a>.

organization of individuals The collection of organizations who have only instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a> as members. OrganizationOfIndividuals

Underwater underwater The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> which are completely submerged in some body of water.

A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> is an abstraction of a game that is played according to a semi-rigid set of rules. Each instance includes both the rules (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwF89YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameRulesFn</a>) and a specification of any physical components required for play (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ball</a>, etc.). Neither <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s of playing games (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAGame</a>) nor any physical components required for play (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>s) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. game Game

Organism-Whole A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> is a biological living object (BLO) that is a whole, and not part of some other BLO. Most instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> are capable of existing and reproducing while physically separate from other organisms (with allowances for eating and mating). Abnormal BLOs which are nonetheless considered to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> include instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Virus</a>, as well as sterile hybrids and colony organisms, like those in slime molds or the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1N0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortugueseManOfWar</a>. organism

MilitaryAction The collection of all military tasks such as might be assigned to deployable, modern military units. A particular task is performed by one and only one unit, although other units may function in a support capacity, and subunits of the performing unit may be assigned tasks that figure as subtasks of the performing unit's assigned task. In this case the tasks of the subordinate units should be related to the overarching task of the superior unit by the #$subTasks relation. A single unit may be assigned more than one task. Notice that this collection is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnSeAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryEvent</a>, not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a> complex events take account of both primary tasks and their subtasks and also distinct support tasks. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCCSNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryAction</a> may properly figure as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxFJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MilitaryOperation</a>. military action

CapturingSomething Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXePhiiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">CapturingSomething</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTA-RjiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TransferOfControl</a> in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> is captured, in the sense that his, her, or its freedom of action is circumscribed in some important respect. In every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXePhiiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">CapturingSomething</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rq3HvWiDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">losesControl</a> is the same as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rklF5ZCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">objectOfControlTransfer</a>: in fact, this is a definitive feature of instances of the collection. capturing

NewspaperIssue The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLunEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicalIssue</a>s for periodicals which are newspapers. Copies of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQNZDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewspaperIssue</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewspaperCopy</a> for the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a>. paper

ParentalGuidance13Rating The collection of all movies rated "PG-13" by the Motion Picture Association of America. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruLN_mnS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ParentalGuidance13Rating</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPBitxHSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MPAAAdvisoryClassification_Film</a>. PG-13

Story The collection of microtheories each of which contains the assertional content of a story -- a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Narrative</a> describing a particular sequence of events which occur to one or more characters in the story. The story is at least partially fictional as opposed to "true stories". story

<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZowY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Team</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkr6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfPeopleOnly</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActivityTypeFocusGroup</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZowY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Team</a> may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or simply a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> of people who got together for playing a game for a single time, or something in between. Organized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZowY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Team</a>s which play sports at least semi-regularly are instances of the narrower concept, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a>. team Team

ShelterConstruction shelter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViagpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShelterConstruction</a> is an artifact built by some agent, including but not limited to humans, and intended for use as a shelter. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViagpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShelterConstruction</a> include bird nests, termite mounds, beaver dams, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwaXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SydneyOperaHouse</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPSK05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PalaceOfFineArts_SanFrancisco</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViz65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway</a>.

endangered species Endangered-OrganismTypeByExistentialThreatLevel The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> and other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>s that are endangered (at risk of extinction).

reflectivity A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQMsSjss8QdaGsLjYlDghGg" class="cyc_term">Reflectivity</a> is a collection of visible objects that are the same with respect to having a common reflectivity. Indicate a particular object's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQMsSjss8QdaGsLjYlDghGg" class="cyc_term">Reflectivity</a> with one of the following predicates: #$mainReflectivityOfObject or #$objectHasReflectivity. Reflectivity

clarifying collection type ClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. type of thing Collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all collections of things. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> is a kind or type of thing whose instances share a certain property, attribute, or feature. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> is the collection of all and only cats, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOckfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryFunction</a> is the collection of all and only functions taking two arguments. The notion of collection is fundamental to the Cyc ontology, and is thus difficult to define in a precise and substantive way. But it is instructive to compare it to the mathematical notion of a set (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>). Like a set, a collection is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpJ-nSEkJQdeC8NLkYPDBBw" class="cyc_term">AbstractThing</a> (i.e. aspatial and atemporal) that is not an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (cf.), but instead has elements (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGWaK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a>). Unlike a set, however, the elements or "instances" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) of a given collection can vary from context to context, and it is possible for distinct collections to have exactly the same elements (i.e. to have the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN2YGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">extent</a>) with respect to a given context. For example, the (non-reified) collections "Chordate" and "Renate" are co-extensional in the context of the present-day actual world, but have differring extents with respect to hypothetical contexts in which there exist creatures having hearts but not kidneys. This difference is sometimes summarized by saying that sets are "extensional" things and collections are "intensional" things. Many, though by no means all, of the collections reified in the Cyc ontology correspond to natural kinds or classes. It is particulary useful to reify collections that are difficult to define precisely, but about which there are many common-sense rules and other things to state. For example, it would not be worthwile to introduce a constant 'WhiteCat', both because it's easy to define the collection of white cats in terms of more general, already-reified notions (e.g. '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEcGC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionIntersection2Fn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBjWwGHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>)'), and because there's not much to say about that particular collection. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsX6vHnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteCollarWorker</a>, on the other hand, is a good collection to have reified, as it is hard to define precisely, yet is a collection about which there are many things to say. Some of the many reified specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. VariedOrderCollection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> and the collection of all and only those <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>s some of whose instances (or instances of instances, or instances of instances of instances, etc.) are of different "orders", where order is understood as follows. Let <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>s be "zeroth-order" things, collections of (only) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>s "first-order", ..., and collections of (only) Nth-order things "(N+1)th-order". A more precise, recursive definition, then, is: a collection COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNs-F0CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">VariedOrderCollection</a> if and only if COL has instances INST1 and INST2 such that either (i) INST1 and INST2 are of two different fixed orders N1 and N2, (ii) INST1 is of the fixed order N1 and INST2 is a varied-order collection, or (iii) INST1 and INST2 are both varied-order collections. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpJ-nSEkJQdeC8NLkYPDBBw" class="cyc_term">AbstractThing</a> is a varied-order collection since it contains both (zeroth-order) abstract individuals and (higher-order) collections. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNs-F0CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">VariedOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Note that (by clauses ii and iii) any generalization of a varied-order collection is varied-order; and (by clause iii) any (non-empty) specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNs-F0CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">VariedOrderCollection</a> is varied-order. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a> (q.v.) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNs-F0CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">VariedOrderCollection</a> do _not_ constitute a partition of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>: since the notion of order described above is not applicable to sets, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a> (e.g.) and its specializations are neither fixed-order nor varied-order collections. variable-order Cyc collection clarifying collection type ClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. A collection of collections of collections. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> is the collection of all (and only) types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>s. More precisely, a thing COLLTYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> if and only if COLLTYPE is a non-empty collection all of whose instances are collections. Example: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzQbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByCulture</a>, each of whose instances is the collection of all persons who participate in some particular human culture, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a>. CollectionType type of collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection the union of The Set facet collection clarifying collection type (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet FacetInstanceCollection ClarifyingCollectionType))