]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. individual type by security status IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus FilePermission file permission <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXi7y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FilePermission</a> is the collection of attributes that characterize the permissions of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrgHFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a>. AISTypeByEncryptionStatus encryption attribute The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> that have bearing on whether and to what degree an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is encrypted. Notable instances of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm02TzHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK5oWSnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. classification us Classification-US ComputerNetworkBySecurityEnvironment security environment attribute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4re7g70nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetworkBySecurityEnvironment</a> is a collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of computer networks that have a similar security environment. These collections can be used to describe the security environment of a system. The attribute describing objects to which access is completely open. Kinds of objects with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_DU9HS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OpenAccess</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbQYMLnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Unlocked</a> objects, unencrypted <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a>, and unguarded pots of gold. open access OpenAccess RestrictedInformation restricted information <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFPOqWnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RestrictedInformation</a> is information that is the legal or assumed property of an individual or group and whose unauthorized distribution or availability is not allowed, presumably because it has value to the individual or group and its value would diminish if distributed or made available to others. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFPOqWnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RestrictedInformation</a> will usually also be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPg_nynS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ProtectedInformation</a>, but this is not necessarily the case. A piece of paper with highly confidential information may be left unprotected, and some irrelevant or extraneous information may be protected inadvertently, or as a consequence of protecting other restricted information in its proximity. ProtectedInformation <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPg_nynS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ProtectedInformation</a> is information that is protected from unauthorized use by active security measures, whether by physical containers (fences and safes), electronic security systems, or anything else that could reasonably constitute a form of security against unauthorized acquisition or access. protected information The attribute describing the security level of those objects protected by some sort of alarm. Alarms can range from noisemakers like car alarms, to silent alarms, to computer messages warning the user that someone was attempting illegal entry. alarm protected AlarmProtected compromised Compromised The attribute that represents the fact that at least one person who is not a member of the group which ordinarily has access to an individual with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRUwB3n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">levelOfSecurity</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rX9bGyHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LimitedAccess</a>, usually as a result of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvko_QZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking_CompromisingSecurity</a>. classified thing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtJ-l7nS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Classified</a> is attribute anything has if it is classified. This attribute is normally associated with documents, computers, or physical facilities. Classified locked device The collection of devices in the locked state. This includes both locking devices (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5qOqTnStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LockedState</a>) and devices that may have a lock, such as a house, car, or bicycle (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rX9bGyHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LimitedAccess</a>). Device-Locked The attribute describing the security level of objects protected by a password system. These can range from computer passwords to passwords needed to enter a secret fortress. PasswordProtected password protective thing PhysicallyRestricted The attribute describing the security level of objects protected by some kind of physical restriction or barrier, such as a wall or an electric fence. Distinct from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rreUfFHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">AlarmProtected</a> in that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNTo63HS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyRestricted</a> objects have something which physically inhibits someone without legal access from reaching it, while an alarm merely sounds a warning. physically restricted thing public information PublicInformation Information that is not restricted or protected from access by unauthorized users. Also known as open source information. restricted thing LimitedAccess The attribute describing the security level of objects to which access is restricted in some way. Kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rX9bGyHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LimitedAccess</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNjST7nS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Locked</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNTo63HS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyRestricted</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rS5mLHHS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PasswordProtected</a>. Device-Unlocked unlocked thing The state of being unlocked. As a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5qOqTnStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LockedState</a>, this refers to the state of a locking device. As a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a>, this refers to the state of an object that may have a lock, such as a house, car, or bicycle. In this sense, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbQYMLnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Unlocked</a> is a kind of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_DU9HS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OpenAccess</a>. BiometricallyProtected A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8CY4kHS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">AuthenticationProtected</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJuc3PHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">BiometricallyProtected</a> is the instance of IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus that applies to individuals which, to access, one must participate in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaGrzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiometricAuthenticationEvent</a>. biometrically protective thing GuardedByAgent The attribute describing the security level of those objects guarded by some sort of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>, such as a guard at a bank, or the US Army at Fort Knox. guarded by agent InformationDesignation-MissionCritical mission critical information An instance of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZvCyLnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">InformationDesignation_MissionCritical</a> can be used to designate when an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> is critical to the success of some mission. This attribute is most useful for specifying what information is critical to a given mission within the mission context, i.e. the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> representing the mission. For example, if MISSION_MT is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> representing some military mission, say, and INFO is some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> critical to the success of MISSION_MT, say the precise location of a command ship, then one could represent this by asserting, in MISSION_MT, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkulV0n7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">designationOfInformation</a> INFO <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZvCyLnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">InformationDesignation_MissionCritical</a>). This attribute is also useful in rules when one wants to use a clause stating that some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> is critical to some mission without specifying the mission. See also the predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkulV0n7_EdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">designationOfInformation</a> and <font color="#ff0000">#$missionCriticalInformation</font>. authentication-protected thing AuthenticationProtected A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rX9bGyHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LimitedAccess</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8CY4kHS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">AuthenticationProtected</a> is the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> that applies to individuals which, to access, one must participate in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlkpTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AuthenticationEvent</a>. The attribute describing the security level of those objects protected by virtue of their being secret. Includes secret messages, secret meetings, secret passageways, secret transfers, etc. Generally, to people who should have access, these objects are not secret, while to others, they are. Thus <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_N8bVnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ProtectedBySecrecy</a> is a kind of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rX9bGyHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">LimitedAccess</a>. ProtectedBySecrecy protected by secrecy individual type by security status IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus individual type by security status IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType first-order collection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. FirstOrderCollection FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.