]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union European countries European nations European nation Scandinavian country ScandinavianCountry A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4revpcwuoWQdeUgba5VgeHVg" class="cyc_term">EuropeanCountry</a>. Each instance is a country occupying Scandinavia. Western European country The collection of nation-states in the Western region of Europe. WesternEuropeanCountry The collection of nation-states in the Southern region of Europe. SouthernEuropeanCountry southern European country central european country CentralEuropeanCountry The collection of nation-states in the Central region of Europe. The collection of nation-states in the Eastern region of Europe. EasternEuropeanCountry eastern European country Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object country type by general region CountryTypeByGeneralRegion A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVvBTrJhkQdiCKs3GWTcWTg" class="cyc_term">CountryTypeByGeneralRegion</a> is a collection of countries that are conventionally considered to be part of the same general region. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTAE0cHbHQdiWHuhd-UxV8g" class="cyc_term">LatinAmericanCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd8IHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternEuropeanCountry</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHaS2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEasternCountry</a>. The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry independent country A collection of geopolitical entities and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a> is a distinct, independent geopolitical entity generally recognized by the international community. An independent country typically has a relatively stable government, enforced borders, its own currency, laws, and culture. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Germany</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViH_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liberia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZUBd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mongolia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">India</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Taiwan_RepublicOfChina</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Honduras</a>. IndependentCountry The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry NonAbducibleCollection The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> is a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a>. Abductive inferences sometimes involve hypothesizing the existence of entities as part of the explanation of some assertion or set of assertions. Cyc will not hypothesize the existence of instances of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a>. Roughly, abductive inferences consume conceptual / theoretical knowledge rather than produce it. So, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roVp5xVzKEdiLrQAH6RYvVA" class="cyc_term">NonAbducibleCollection</a> because Cyc should be employing existing theoretical knowledge about instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> rather than hypothesizing new instances. non abducible collection The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry The collection of nation-states whose territory is solely in Europe. European country EuropeanCountry