]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> that have bearing on whether and to what degree an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is encrypted. Notable instances of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm02TzHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK5oWSnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. encryption attribute AISTypeByEncryptionStatus WeaklyEncrypted weakly encrypted The attribute of containing information that has been encrypted by means of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjDi_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EncryptionAlgorithm</a> which is not terribly difficult to break. Something that is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rp-wILnS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WeaklyEncrypted</a> could be unencrypted (and the information therein contained thereby made accessible) within, say, a day. Encrypted The attribute describing the security level of objects protected by encryption, most typically instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a>. encrypted thing Plaintext An attribute describing the level of security of text stored and transmitted by instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Such text would be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm02TzHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a> if it were readable without de-encryption software, i.e, the text is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK5oWSnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. plaintext strongly encrypted The attribute of having been encrypted by means of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjDi_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EncryptionAlgorithm</a> which is dauntingly difficult to break. Something that is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r32wpZnS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">StronglyEncrypted</a> is so strongly encrypted that one generally should not even bother trying to decrypt it. StronglyEncrypted AISTypeByEncryptionStatus encryption attribute The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> that have bearing on whether and to what degree an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is encrypted. Notable instances of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm02TzHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK5oWSnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. individual type by security status IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus AISTypeByEncryptionStatus encryption attribute The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reUD92nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IndividualTypeBySecurityStatus</a> that have bearing on whether and to what degree an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> is encrypted. Notable instances of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm02TzHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Plaintext</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rK5oWSnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Encrypted</a>. A collection of collections of collections. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> is the collection of all (and only) types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>s. More precisely, a thing COLLTYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> if and only if COLLTYPE is a non-empty collection all of whose instances are collections. Example: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzQbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByCulture</a>, each of whose instances is the collection of all persons who participate in some particular human culture, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a>. CollectionType type of collection AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential