]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. change of state topic ChangeOfState-Topic A collection of events. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a> encompasses the standard cleaning and grooming activities that an animal engages in over the course of a day. Such a `daily routine' is almost sure to include many brief grooming and cleaning actions, such as licking one's paws, combing one's hair, washing one's hands, shaving, bathing, etc., and those are sub-events of that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a> event. For example, a human's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a> might have a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVio-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeethCleaning</a> as one of its sub-events, along with a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4cZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingABath</a>, two instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombingHair</a>, etc. Note: Those specialized kinds of events, like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombingHair</a>, are NOT subsets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a>, since it would be abnormal for someone to JUST comb their hair each day (and do absolutely no other daily cleaning activity whatsoever). Note: In the context <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivitiesMt</a> --- where all the performers of actions are, by default, human beings --- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a> designates human grooming activities only. In that microtheory, dog-grooming performed by human beings does not constitute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a>, even if it happens on a daily basis for some pampered poodle, as it is not PERSONAL (i.e, self-) cleaning. DailyPersonalCleaning daily personal cleaning (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">freezingPoint</a> STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes between having the attribute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> (when sufficient energy is output/input to lower/raise STUFF's temperature through this point). Note that the freezing point of most substances is context-dependent (e.g., based on pressure.) freezing point freezingPoint BiologicalDevelopmentEvent A collection of events, and a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDevelopmentEvent</a>, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another. For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty. Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViU6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalMaturationEvent</a>. <p/> Note that the distinction between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> is not always sharp, but instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjED5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalProductionEvent</a> are distinguished insofar as the event in question produces a reasonably distinct entity from start to finish. development A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Freezing</a> is an event in which an object is cooled to a temperature at or below its freezing point (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">freezingPoint</a>), and is thereby changed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>. Freezing freezing A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Refinishing</a> event, some type of coating or finish is removed from the surface of an object in order to replace it with a new coating (of possibly a different type). Thus, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Refinishing</a> will have some sub-events in which the old finish is removed and some later sub-events in which the new finish is added. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Refinishing</a> may be a car, a doorframe, one of your fingernails, etc., but in general must be in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>. Note that an event such as stripping the wood away from a doorframe, though prepatory to refinishing that doorframe, is not in and of itself an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Refinishing</a>; it is just one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVihe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Refinishing</a> event. refinishing Refinishing HeatingAir A collection of events. Each instance of this collection is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingProcess</a> event in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is some piece of air which is heated. Every time your thermostat clicks at home, and the heater fires up, and the blower runs, there is a new instance of this collection (namely one subevent of that whole process --- the subevent in which the heater actually heats the air for a few minutes). heating air IncurringEquipmentDamage incurring equipment damage The collection of events in which some piece of equipment gets damaged or broken. The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a> in which water is cooled. cooling water CoolingWater change of device state A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> (q.v.). The collection of events in which a device goes from one basic state (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWI7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fromState</a>) to another (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWRgjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">toState</a>). A change of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rEJkpOHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceTypeByState</a> (q.v.) might be due to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> adjusting the device, or it might happen automatically due to the behavior of the device itself. The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r19FsDHS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Off</a>, and vice versa. Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified. For example, the states of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dishwasher</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD3GsoHS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceState_Washing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7_CVUnS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceState_Rinsing</a>; and the states of a trapping device might include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roIF4nnS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">TrapArmed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3EmGdHS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">TrapTripped</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2C78vnS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">TrapIdle</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangingDeviceState</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnlockingALock</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMbLuNA_AQdeX8syxx8Pr6Q" class="cyc_term">ChargingABattery</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a>. ChangingDeviceState A collection of separation events in which something splits apart, often at a seam (e.g. in an item of clothing), perforation, or grain-line (e.g. in a piece of wood). That is, two areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not separated completely into discrete pieces or parts). Usually, a splitting occurs along a single &quot;line&quot; or &quot;plane&quot; that runs parallel to, and for a significant distance relative to, the length of the thing split. In order to undergo a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvezmq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Splitting</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> must be in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj44pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking</a>. split Splitting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> is a solid quantity of matter. Pieces of matter in the solid state are at a sufficiently low enough temperature or high enough pressure for the particular type of matter involved that their molecules are bonded to each other by various sorts of forces, and don't move away from their neighbors. Solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by definite, persistent boundaries, independent of container. Solid-StateOfMatter solid washing Washing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVichJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Washing</a> event, some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> is being employed in the cleaning. Typically there will be some surfactant such as soap (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Soap_Personal</a>) dissolved in the water. If only water (i.e., no soap) is used in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVichJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Washing</a>, then the event also belongs to the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rinsing</a>. Other notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bathing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonalWashing</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Scrubbing</a> is not a specialization of this collection, since such events may occur without any water being involved. Melting A collection of events. In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">freezingPoint</a> and is thereby changed from a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>. melting boiling A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. In each instance of this collection some liquid matter is raised to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">boilingPoint</a> and is thereby changed from being in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to being in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>. (Note: this does not cover cases of heat or evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.) See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoilingFood</a>, which is not a specialization of this collection since it is not the food itself which is being boiled but the water in which it is cooking. Boiling The collection of actions in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rEJkpOHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceTypeByState</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> (such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrapDevice</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQriRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bomb</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWC875wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomaticFirearm</a>) is changed from armed (or cocked) to idle (or uncocked), without an intervening firing or triggering of the device. If it is a firing or triggering that causes the state change, that is a discharging of the device, not a disarming of it. <p/> This collection is general enough to include, e.g., disarming an alarm system. For the important special case in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHNVJbsmDEdqAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">deviceDisarmed</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8V5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weapon</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruoMrHMmJEdqAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">DisarmingAWeapon</a>. DisarmingADevice disarming a device BiologicalDegenerationEvent biological degeneration Those <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegenerationEvent</a>s in which the object degenerating is a living biological structure. ShavingSomething shaving A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShavingSomething</a> event, thin pieces of material on an object's surface are removed. An example would be someone whittling a wooden spoon, someone using a lathe to make a table leg, someone scraping the top layer of mold and cheese off a brick of cheese that was left in the refrigerator just a little too long, etc. WARNING: an event in which someone ``shaves'' their body hair (a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShavingBody</a> event) from one's face, legs, etc. with a shaver or razor is NOT a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShavingSomething</a> event; rather, it is an instance of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CuttingSomething</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rubbing</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolishingSomething</a>, a surface of an object is made smooth and glossy by rubbing that surface. polishing PolishingSomething CleaningAnObject cleaning an object A collection of events. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CleaningAnObject</a> event is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a> event in which some particular object is cleaned. A collection of events, and a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a>. During each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj57pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingAir</a> event, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is some piece of air which is cooled. Every time the thermostat in an office building clicks on, in the summer, and the building air conditioner kicks in, and blowers run to circulate the air to the offices, etc., there is a new instance of this collection (namely one subevent of that whole process --- the subevent in which the air conditioner actually cools the air that passes by it, for a few minutes). CoolingAir cooling air boiling point (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">boilingPoint</a> STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes from having the attribute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> (when sufficient energy is input to raise STUFF's temperature through that point). Note that the boiling point of most substances is context-dependent; on a mountaintop in Tibet the boiling point of water is much lower than it is in New York City. boilingPoint BreakingAPhysicalDevice A collection of events. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BreakingAPhysicalDevice</a> event, some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> becomes no longer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">behaviorCapable</a> of performing its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-lujZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryFunction</a>. Such breaking events are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>s, and the device is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> in the event. breaking a tool gas Gaseous-StateOfMatter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> is an object of a single chemical species in the gaseous state of matter. Objects in the gaseous state of matter are at a high enough temperature or low enough pressure for the type of matter involved that the molecules are not bonded even weakly to their neighbors, and readily break free. Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers), no shape independent of a container, and by great expandability and compressibility. Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: the helium in a child's balloon; the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere; the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. Weathering A collection of events. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> event, the physical state of an object is altered due to the action of weather, typically over some extended period of time such as years or decades or centuries or millenia. To undergo a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> process, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> must be outdoors (or at least exposed to the outdoor weather). The specific processes involved in a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> event depend upon (1) the climate in which the process occurs, and (2) the type of material that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is made of. One typical effect of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> is the removal of paint (and other coatings) from the object, through the action of sun, rain, freezing, and wind. weathering DebuggingAComputerProgram A collection of events, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViT1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SimpleRepairing</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event, a computer program is tested, analyzed, and modified (perhaps repeatedly) in order to remove unwanted features, restore intended functionality, etc. This is more of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> than a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> (i.e., more substance-like than object-like), since each `portion' of the total <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event is itself a small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DebuggingAComputerProgram</a> event. debugging The collection of events in which something gets fixed. SimpleRepairing repairing humidification The collection of intrinsic state-change processes which increase the concentration of water vapor in some portion of air. HumidifyingAir BoneRepair A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoneRepair</a> event, a broken bone is repaired. Typically, each such event has a sub-event of `setting' the bone. The whole <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoneRepair</a> event goes far beyond this, however, probably lasting for weeks or months, during which time the bone heals; if the bone belongs to a civilized human being, they may wear a cast or be in traction to immobilize the broken place until the bone heals. bone repair locking LockingSomething An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangingDeviceState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4DPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LockingSomething</a> is an action which changes the state of some lockable device from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbQYMLnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Unlocked</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNjST7nS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Locked</a>. A collection of events. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spoiling</a> event, an object deteriorates to the point that it is no longer suitable for its intended purpose (whether that purpose is natural or imposed). For example, spoiled food is food which has become inedible (either too unhealthy and/or too unappetizing to eat). Note that spoiled food might still be quite suitable for compost; being `spoiled' is always relative to some intended use. spoilage Spoiling A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-l9qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SublimatingToSolid</a>, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the gas molecules solidify into a solid. This is the reverse process of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7wKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sublimating</a> to a gas. SublimatingToSolid deposition process ConnectingTogether A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvMaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttachmentEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a> (q.v.). In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectingTogether</a> event, two or more tangible things get physically connected together (attached) by means of some sort of connector or fastener. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Riveting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr5bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Splicing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRtzE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalBonding</a>. Note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectingTogether</a> need not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a>, since the objects being connected may be already at rest with respect to each other. connecting turning on TurningOnPoweredDevice The collection of actions in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a> changes from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r19FsDHS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Off</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a>. operational state A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rEJkpOHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceTypeByState</a> is a collection of devices in a similar state. Each instance represents a particular state a device could be in. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rEJkpOHSyEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeviceTypeByState</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUKBcBHS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OffHook</a>. DeviceTypeByState BiologicalMaturationEvent A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViU6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalMaturationEvent</a>, a living thing undergoes biological processes and changes from its species' juvenile form to its species' mature form. In humans, this means reaching puberty; i.e., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwlMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Puberty</a> is a subset of this collection. Note that many episodes of maturation are accompanied by growth, but not all are (e.g., the final stages of seed maturation, during which the seed loses water and actually shrinks in size). maturing A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.) that are in one of the basic physical states of matter. The only four instances of this collection are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhh7xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plasma_StateOfMatter</a>. Although the chemical composition of a substance does not change when its basic physical state changes, many of its intrinsic physical properties do change -- including its density, viscosity, brittleness, color, and size. States of matter concern the organization of matter at the molecular level, as determined by temperature and pressure. Sufficiently large changes in temperature or pressure will cause matter in one physical state to transform into another (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>). state of matter MatterTypeByPhysicalState A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaEcosFuQdiNopS8VV8ODg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantitySlot</a> that relates a given tangible thing to its current temperature. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJ_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">temperatureOfObject</a> <b>OBJECT</b> <b>TEMPERATURE</b>)</code> means that <code><b>OBJECT</b></code> has <code><b>TEMPERATURE</b></code>. Note that <code><b>OBJECT</b></code> need not be a discrete entity; <i>e.g.</i> it might be a particular spot in the ocean. A notable specialization of this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1auZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodyTemperature</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ambientTemperature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfTemperature</a>. temperatureOfObject temperature A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a> is a procedure performed by one or more medical professionals to alleviate or ameliorate a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> (q.v.). MedicalTreatmentEvent medical treatment Sublimating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7wKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sublimating</a> is an event in which a piece of tangible stuff is directly transformed from a solid state to a gaseous state. See also the related collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-l9qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SublimatingToSolid</a>. sublimating cracking Cracking A collection of change events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj44pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking</a>, something becomes cracked. I.e., two or more areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not divided wholly into parts). In order to undergo a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj44pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cracking</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> must be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> is an event characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of at least one main actor involved in the event. Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, or size. Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> for one actor but not for another. For example, in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FasteningSafetyBelt</a> event, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViLD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SafetySeatBelt</a> (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening does not change intrinsically, but only in his configuration to the belt, an external object. Another example: in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViw4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HairCuttingEvent</a>, the hair that is cut undergoes an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting. <p/> Note that some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented either as an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> or as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalTransformationEvent</a>, but not (within a single micro-theory) as both. event that inherently involves a change of state IntrinsicStateChangeEvent incurring damage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rV5OY8l_TQdeZjpV94RdHMg" class="cyc_term">IncurringDamage</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of physical damage is incurred to an organism or material object. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbXpI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringBodilyHarm</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringEquipmentDamage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegenerationEvent</a>. For cases where the damage incurred is so extensive that the thing is destroyed, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a>. IncurringPhysicalDamage infection transmission InfectionTransmissionEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvx7NhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectingEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1T55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfectionTransmissionEvent</a> is an event in which some infection is transmitted from one host to another (where both the old and new hosts are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>). The collection of events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> goes from the state of being asleep to being in a waking state. WakingUpFromSleep rousing cooking CookingFood A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreparingFoodItem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingFood</a> is an event in which some item of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> (q.v.) is prepared by heating it. Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time; during the heating, chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingFood</a> event may last from a few minutes (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SteamingFood</a> (vegetables), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingToast</a>) to several hours (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgCnzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoastingFood</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaporating</a>, something in liquid form (i.e., an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>) is converted to vapor (and thus becomes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>). Evaporating evaporation A collection of events. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a> is an event in which an animal becomes injured. In such events, the animal which is hurt is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a> in the event. The condition which results of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringAnInjury</a> would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWKT6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InjuryCondition</a> (q.v.). Also see the comment on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. IncurringAnInjury getting hurt <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a> is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy). Each particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Boiling</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Freezing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaporating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Condensing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj59JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Melting</a>, etc. is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOfMatterChangeEvent</a>. Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhh7xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plasma_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a> and its individual state constants. physical state change event StateOfMatterChangeEvent recovering A collection of events. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw2IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RecoveringFromAilment</a>, some member of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> recovers from an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a> it has at the beginning of this recovery period. RecoveringFromAilment CoolingProcess cooling process A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a> is an event in which the temperature of some object (related to the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a> by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>) is lowered. object of state change The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is used to identify an object undergoing a change of state in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> EVENT OBJECT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> OBJECT undergoes some kind of intrinsic change of state (such as a change in one of its physical properties) in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> EVENT. OBJECT exists before EVENT, is directly involved in EVENT, and persists after EVENT (accordingly, this predicate has as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVtJUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWDKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">preActors</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV5SppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">postActors</a>). The change which OBJECT undergoes is internal or intrinsic; this predicate is not used for extrinsic changes, such as changes in location, orientation, ownership, or status. Note that if OBJECT were destroyed by EVENT and went out of existence in the course of EVENT, then the right predicate to use would be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWNUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inputsDestroyed</a>, rather than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>. objectOfStateChange An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvYq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chilling</a> is a cooling process in which a substance is cooled to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjyWnoh4mQdmJM4Ta1_xEmQ" class="cyc_term">Cold</a> temperature. For example, the preparation of Jello involves chilling it; so each time someone makes a batch of Jello, that is an instance of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvYq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chilling</a>. Chilling chilling Ablation ablation A collection of events. In an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi2s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ablation</a>, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object. HeatingProcess A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>. During each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingProcess</a> event, the temperature of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is increased by applying heat to the object. Any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> in which an object temperature is increased is also an instance of this collection. heating Liquid-StateOfMatter liquid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MatterTypeByPhysicalState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> is an object of a single chemical species in the liquid state of matter. Objects in the liquid state of matter are at a temperature and pressure such that the molecules of the matter move freely relative to their neighbors, but are not excited enough to break free. Liquid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by special qualities of flow, such as being pourable and conforming to whatever container they occupy. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a> include a quantity of liquid nitrogen, the water component of a gallon of seawater, a lump of mercury at room temperature, and some molten silver about to be poured into a teapot mold. Counterexamples include a gallon of seawater (since it has dissolved minerals) and 190 proof ethanol (since it is 5% water). plugging in of a power cord The collection of events in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PowerCord</a> gets connected to an electrical outlet. PluggingInAPowerCord degeneration DegenerationEvent A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegenerationEvent</a>, some object loses its function(s) through a process of deterioration and/or a series of discrete breakdowns. Drying drying out A collection of events in which involves a reduction in the moistness of something -- either its water content or its surface wetness -- by evaporation, absorption (e.g. with towels), or some other process. Typical objects of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drying</a> event include instances of: paint, food, dishes, clothes, humans. The event of a clothes dryer running is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drying</a>. This predicate is used in connection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>, to identify the state (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>) a thing has immediately after the change. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWRgjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">toState</a> EVENT STATE-COLL) means that following the intrinsic-state-changing action, EVENT, the object undergoing the change is an instance of STATE-COLL (which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>) and was previously an instance of some other instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>. For example, after any X which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TurningOnAnElectricalSwitch</a>, the switch involved has (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWRgjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">toState</a> X <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a>). toState To State A subcollection of <font color="#ff0000">#$CollectionValue</font>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a> is a collection of things in a similar intrinsic state. Each instance represents a state in which some object can be. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUKBcBHS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">OffHook</a> as well as states that living objects can be in like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfr1dDnTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">EndosporeState</a>. ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState object type by intrinsic state A collection of events. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgESm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crumpling</a> event is an event of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial</a> in which some particular sheetlike object (e.g., a piece of paper, a cloth sheet, or a fender) is crumpled. Crumpling crumpling teeth cleaning TeethCleaning A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVio-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeethCleaning</a> event, an animal's teeth are cleaned. In order to distinguish, e.g., professional teeth cleaning by a dental technician from daily personal care, different microtheories are used. Consider just the frequencies of performing this action: in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivitiesMt</a>, where a person brushes their own teeth as a subevent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DailyPersonalCleaning</a>, this occurs once or twice per day. In the <font color="#ff0000">#$ProviderOfServicePerspectiveMt</font>, that is from the dental hygienist's point of view, it occurs about ten times per day. In the <font color="#ff0000">#$RecipientOfServicePerspectiveMt</font>, that is from the point of view of someone going to get their teeth cleaned at a dentist's office, it happens a couple times per year. A collection of events, and a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingProcess</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Baking_Hardening</a> event, a semisolid object is heated to a high temperature in order to transform it to a rigid, hardened, solid state. Examples of this collection include: a particular event in which someone bakes cookie dough into cookies, or fires a clay pot, etc. baking something to harden it Baking-Hardening going to sleep GoingToSleep The collection of events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> goes from the state of being awake to being in a state of sleep. A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovingSomething</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingCareOfSomething</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a> event, dirt (or some other unwanted substance) is removed from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> of that event. If a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a> event is successful, then the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dirtiness</a> level of the object will have been lowered. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Scrubbing</a>. cleaning Cleaning TighteningAConnection A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TighteningAConnection</a> event, a connection between two (or more) objects (or parts of one object) is made more rigid or secure by increasing the tension in some aspect of the connection. E.g., tightening the connection between two pipes by screwing them together more firmly; pulling a knot tighter; fitting a cork more securely into a wine bottle. tightening a connection AbradingSomething A collection of events. In an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbradingSomething</a> event, the surface of some object is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction. Devices used in elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbradingSomething</a> include files and sand paper; elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbradingSomething</a> would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc. abrading event DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething diagnosing and repair something A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething</a> is an event in which something is diagnosed and repaired. Such events can range from fixing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> (q.v.) to killing pests that infest a place. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething</a> involve an intrinsic change in the thing which undergoes repairs. Note that a diagnosis action alone, or a repair action alone, would not be instances of this collection, although they could be sub-events of an instance of this collection. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>, the temperature of some object is changed. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a> include the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingFood</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Freezing</a>. TemperatureChangingProcess temperature change Condensing A collection of events. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEWPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Condensing</a>, a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure measure if something other than water is condensing) is greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gaseous_StateOfMatter</a> to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Liquid_StateOfMatter</a>. condensation process A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StitchingAWound</a>, a wound is sewed up, typically with a suture. Notice that each taking of one single stitch is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StitchingAWound</a>, though it is one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the entire <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StitchingAWound</a> event. stitching a wound StitchingAWound incurring damage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some sort of damage is incurred to an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. Damage may be understood in functional terms as injury to organisms or impairment of usefulness or value of things owned or used in any way by them. (Note that for this reason not all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4jqZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDestructionEvent</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rV5OY8l_TQdeZjpV94RdHMg" class="cyc_term">IncurringDamage</a>). <p/> Examples include denting a car, the breaking of someone's leg, the defacing of a website and slander which negatively impacts someone's reputation. For cases where the thing damaged is a material thing (i.e. an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>), or an agent, see the more specialized constants <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IncurringPhysicalDamage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmingAnAgent</a> respectively. IncurringDamage This predicate is used in connection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>, to identify the state (instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>) that a thing has before the change. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWI7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fromState</a> EVENT STATE-COLL) means that immediately prior to EVENT (which is the intrinsic-state-changing action), the thing that is changed in EVENT is an instance of STATE-COLL (and during the EVENT the thing changes from being an instance of that collection to being an instance of another instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUtJYBqdQdiGAdtnR6y2xg" class="cyc_term">ObjectTypeByIntrinsicState</a>). For example, prior to any X which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TurningOnAnElectricalSwitch</a>, the switch involved has (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWI7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fromState</a> X <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r19FsDHS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Off</a>). From State fromState A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangingDeviceState</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TurningOffPoweredDevice</a> is an event in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4081In8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">stateOfDevice</a> of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a> changes from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKqORBnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_On</a> to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r19FsDHS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Device_Off</a>. TurningOffPoweredDevice turning off change of state topic ChangeOfState-Topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic events and scripts topic EventsAndScripts-Topic change of state topic ChangeOfState-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code><b>COL</b></code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code><b>COL</b></code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that &quot;exists out there&quot; in the KB-independent world. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is <i>not</i> a KB-dependent collection. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection