]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. geography-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFAV2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Geography_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of geography. Geography-Topic some countries geography topic SomeCountries-Geography-Topic miscellaneous-geography-topic Miscellaneous-Geography-Topic PoliticsAndGovernment-Geography-Topic politics and government geography topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. UnitedStates-Geography-Topic united states geography topic Addresses-Geography-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. addresses-geography-topic some important regions geography topic SomeImportantRegions-Geography-Topic geopolitical entities geography topic GeopoliticalEntities-Geography-Topic FreshWaterLake A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ5c_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FreshWaterLake</a> is a freshwater land-locked body of water. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeMaracaibo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeWinnipeg</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeTanganyika</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LochNess_Lake</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeErie</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1SpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeTahoe</a>. Note that inland saltwater lakes, commonly referred to as `seas', belong to the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InlandSea</a> (q.v.), rather than to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ5c_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FreshWaterLake</a>. fresh-water lake traditional continent Continent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwrx65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandMass</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rrUePtGV9Ed2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">Continent_Generic</a> (qq.v.). Each instance is one of the seven land masses traditionally considered to be a continent. The seven current traditional instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Continent</a> on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> are: the six traditional main land masses on the surface of the earth, plus the two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a> of Eurasia, Europe and Asia. The current instances are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAfrica</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAntarctica</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAsia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurasia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjddJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfEurope</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfNorthAmerica</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfSouthAmerica</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwrx65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandMass</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjp1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandBody</a> is a cohesive chunk of land surrounded by one or more bordering bodies of water. Types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjp1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandBody</a> include the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Trinidad_Island</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crete_Island_Greece</a>. Areas of land defined by human occupation or political boundaries, for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NorthernCalifornia</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NorthernIreland</a>, are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, but not of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjp1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandBody</a>. landmass LandBody Stream watercourse A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlowPath</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a> is a natural body of water that flows when it is not frozen. A stream can either be a great river (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a>) or a tiny creek (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Creek</a>). Most often, streams are filled with fresh water, but can in certain cases be filled with saline or brackish water (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0Ie75iTfQdeUedu47vi82g" class="cyc_term">TidalCreek</a>). Every non-frozen stream flows in (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8V5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">in_ContOpen</a>) some conduit (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidConduit</a>) such as a streambed or riverbed. Notable instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmazonRiver</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LittleMissouriRiver</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9JZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WoundedKnee_Creek</a>. <p/> Note that riverbanks are not streams nor are they parts of streams, but rather they mark the edges of streams. island or island group IslandRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a> is either an island, a group of islands (such as an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Archipelago</a>), or an area that includes part but not all of an island (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandSubregion</a>). <p/> Note that the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a> include certain groups of scattered islands that do not form a natural geographical area, but which are geopolitical areas and/or were historically significant. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrenchPolynesia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi44ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyclades</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6ZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OuterHebrides_Archipelago</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9cZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Grenadines_Islands</a>. ecological region EcologicalRegion A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a> is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternDesertOfEgypt</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr5ZE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatBarrierReef</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEX1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amazon_Region</a>. Archipelago archipelago A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Archipelago</a> is a group of many islands that form a geographical cluster. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7u5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ionia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InnerHebrides_Archipelago</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocietyIslands_FrenchPolynesia</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChannelIslands</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a> that is used to indicate the tributaries of a given stream or river. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">tributaries</a> STREAM TRIBUTARY) means that STREAM has TRIBUTARY as one of its tributaries. That is, TRIBUTARY is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a> (q.v.) that flows into, and not out of, STREAM. For example, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MississippiRiver</a> has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjswJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WisconsinRiver</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViL5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OhioRiver</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVje8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArkansasRiver</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RedRiverOfTexas</a>, and others as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">tributaries</a>. Compare this predicate with its two negations <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAnPkpIIWEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">distributaries</a></code> and <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rI3Cn8IIWEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">anabranches</a></code>. In cases where STREAM and TRIBUTARY are both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a>s, consider whether the more specialized predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fedByConfluenceOfRivers</a> (q.v.) is applicable. tributary tributaries Canal canal A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a> is an artificial waterway designed to serve either as a path for watercraft (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf3qPRCTfQdeT_uLC0TwzCA" class="cyc_term">NavigationCanal</a>), or as a device for irrigating or draining land (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRI_I3CTeQdeWUK9UOSA7Mw" class="cyc_term">IrrigationCanal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSfKTAiTbQdeOxqgl1eBn7w" class="cyc_term">DrainageCanal</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SuezCanal</a> and the <font color="#ff0000">#$PhuCamCanal</font>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">riverEndTopography</a> is used to indicate the type of topographical feature found at the end of a particular river. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">riverEndTopography</a> RIVER TOPO-TYPE) means that the instance RIVER of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a> has at its ending point a topographic feature of the type TOPO-TYPE. Examples: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">riverEndTopography</a> of both the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4C5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaintLawrenceRiver</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeineRiver</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Estuary</a>; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NigerRiver</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$MekongRiver</font>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViO_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GangesRiver</a> all have instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Delta</a> as their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">riverEndTopography</a>; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlleghenyRiver</a> ends in another instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a> (viz., the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViL5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OhioRiver</a>. riverEndTopography River End Topography planet Planet A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Planet</a> is a planet either in Earth's solar system or elsewhere in the universe. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Planet</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetJupiter</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetVenus</a>. Mountain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> is a topographical feature of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area. Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountEverest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountLogan</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAT-T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Kebnekaise_Sweden</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>. mountain A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> is a collection of geographical regions, where each of the regions in the collection is spatially disjoint with the other regions in the collection. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">State_UnitedStates</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a>, since the territories of U.S. states do not overlap. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CanadianProvince</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndependentCountry</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7UPPpMkuEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Colony_GeopoliticalEntity</a>. A non-example is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>, since ecological regions can overlap. region type whose instances are non-overlapping region types SpatiallyDisjointRegionType A collection of heavenly bodies. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcay7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RockyPlanetaryBody</a> is a planetary body composed primarily of rocky substances. rocky planetary body RockyPlanetaryBody A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. Note that this collection <i>includes</i> features that are covered by bodies of water, snow, or ice. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKjXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crater</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Continent</a>. Instances include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjt7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabianPeninsula</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountZion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanAndreasFault</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatSmokyMountains</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JavaTrench</a>. LandTopographicalFeature land topographical feature BodyOfWater A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> is a natural or artificial topographical feature consisting of a relatively large volume of water primarily in liquid form, contained by an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basin_Topographical</a>. Both the basin and the water are considered parts of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBuSs-tSsQdaVn6xwikTZ7w" class="cyc_term">basinOfBodyOfWater</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPWOuxhQEEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">waterOfBodyOfWater</a>. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harbor</a>. <p/> Note that relatively small, purely artificial containers of water (such as swimming pools or tanks of water) are <i>not</i> instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Moreover, topographical features such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a>s or snowfields, which contain a large volume of water primarily in solid form, are also <i>not</i> instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. body of water The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDeBjpn8BEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">terrainType</a> is used to describe the type of terrain in a particular geographical region. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDeBjpn8BEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">terrainType</a> REGION TYPE) means that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> REGION is an instance of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlM55WnSuEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RegionTypeByTerrain</a> TYPE. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDeBjpn8BEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">terrainType</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjufZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Matterhorn_Mount</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuggedTerrain</a>) means that the Matterhorn has a rugged terrain. terrainType Terrain Type A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlM55WnSuEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RegionTypeByTerrain</a> is a collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s with a similar type of terrain. Each such instance represents a particular type of terrain feature. Notable instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2_3s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prairie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFq7W5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TropicalRainForest</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuOEAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tundra</a>. RegionTypeByTerrain terrain feature A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanResidenceArea</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrbanArea</a> is a geographical region the whole of which (more or less) is characterized by typically &quot;urban&quot; features (such as streets, buildings, businesses, houses, schools, sidewalks, sewer systems, power lines, automobiles, pedestrians, and so on). An urban area might be as small as an inner-city street corner or as large as the New York City Metropolitan Area. By default, urbanness is a &quot;stuff-like&quot; property of human residence areas: (nearly) every subregion of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrbanArea</a> is itself an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrbanArea</a>. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UTAustinCampus</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwql5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchTrianglePark</a>, and the territorial extent of various cities (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfAustinTX</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfToulouseFrance</a>, etc.). urban area UrbanArea Permanently Northeast Of permanentlyNortheastOf (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ8yepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northeastOf</a> REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> REGION-1 is to the north-east of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference. Note that REGION-2 is therefore southwest of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southwest of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ8yepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northeastOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViTyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeOntario</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeErie</a>). To refer to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that can move, use the more general <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ8yepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northeastOf</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ8yepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northeastOf</a> OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ1 is to the north-east of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference. Note that OBJ2 is therefore southwest of OBJ1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southwest of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJ8yepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northeastOf</a> AirForceOne <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanFranciscoBay</a>). If both objects are fixed instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>, use the more specific predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNortheastOf</a>. northeastOf Northeast Of Ocean ocean A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sea</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a> is one of the oceans of the world. This includes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBWdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EarthsOceanSea</a>, the interconnected expanse of salt water covering 71% of the Earth's surface, and of which the other oceans are subregions. Examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkB0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtlanticOcean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArcticOcean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PacificOcean</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanResidenceArea</a> is a region in which a number of people live semi-permanently (that is, for a duration of at least a year or more). Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr_A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanFranciscoBayArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwql5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchTrianglePark</a>, research stations at the <font color="#ff0000">#$SouthPole</font>, and radar posts in the Aleutians. HumanResidenceArea human residence (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthwestOf</a> REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> REGION-1 is to the northwest of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference. Note that REGION-2 is therefore southeast of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southeast of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi8Y6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northwestOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatBritain_TheIsland</a> StraitOfDover). permanentlyNorthwestOf Permanently Northwest Of Permanently North Of permanentlyNorthOf (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthOf</a> NORTH SOUTH) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> NORTH is situated to the north of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> SOUTH, when viewed in a planetary frame of reference, typically the terrestrial frame of reference. To compare the position of two objects, at least one of which is mobile or is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> but not of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>, use the more general, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnZTBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northOf</a>. Note that SOUTH is therefore south of NORTH; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `south of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfPhiladelphiaPA</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfWashingtonDC</a>); (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG8JBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">_35thParallel_North</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5cpgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">_37thParallel_North</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyEastOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">directionBetweenObjects</a>. To say '(permanentlySouthOf x y)' all we need is to say (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthOf</a> y x). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWxvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fartherNorthThan</a>. mountain range A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a> is a natural group of mountains. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RockyMountains</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Andes_Mountains</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alps_Mountains</a>. MountainRange geographical region GeographicalRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Tangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> is a tangible spatial region that includes some piece of the surface of a planet (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>), and may be represented on a map of the planet. This includes purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, places defined by demographics (e.g. language areas) and territory otherwise demarcated (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvi0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>s). In &quot;dualist&quot; geopolitical contexts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DualistGeopoliticalMt</a>, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a> are also considered to be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. <p/> In all cases the region in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact. The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> contrast in this respect with the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-YsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible</a>, which are wholly intangible. <p/> Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RockyMountainStates_USRegion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SinaiPeninsula</a>, and -- in &quot;dualist&quot; geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViC4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YaleUniversity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfPittsburghPA</a>. Some important types of regions are represented by the sub-collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj3CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageArea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvi0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeZone</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWdbEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PostalCodeRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2CrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionSite</a>, and -- in &quot;dualist&quot; geopolitical contexts -- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. No instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> are wholly indoor locations. nativeLanguage (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nativeLanguage</a> PERSON LANG) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> PERSON is fluent in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> LANG, and that LANG was (one of) the first language(s) spoken by PERSON. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVoULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arg2Format</a> for this predicate is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a>, to cover cases in which a person has two or more first languages (as might be the case when a child is raised in a bilingual household). Native Language Permanently East Of permanentlyEastOf (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyEastOf</a> EAST WEST) means that the (territory of) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> EAST is to the east of the (territory of) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> WEST, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference. Note that WEST is therefore west of EAST; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `west of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyEastOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvbmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EasternUSATimeZone</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralUSATimeZone</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">directionBetweenObjects</a>. To express '(permanentlyWestOf x y)' all we need is to say (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyEastOf</a> y x). In order to relate two instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> that are mobile or do not fit the argument restrictions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyEastOf</a>, use the more general predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnAX1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">eastOf</a>. sea Sea A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvftLRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Large</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeaWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sea</a> is a body of salt water as large as (or larger than) a lake. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sea</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PacificOcean</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IonianSea</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EastChinaSea</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlackSea</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi8Y6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northwestOf</a> OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ1 is to the northwest of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference. Note that OBJ2 is therefore southeast of OBJ1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southeast of'. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi8Y6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northwestOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBp5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BillClinton</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvps-EZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LongIsland</a>). If both objects are fixed instances or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a>, use the more specific predicate, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">permanentlyNorthwestOf</a>. Northwest Of northwestOf outdoor location A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> is a region of outdoor space; i.e. a region that is directly subject to atmospheric weather. Thus, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> does <i>not</i> include as instances any instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnderwaterLocation</a> (q.v.) or any places that are underground (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWlYxOnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Underground</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Highway</a>. OutdoorLocation AstronomicalObject astronomical object A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. The collection of all things of the types studied by astronomers. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjReJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AstronomicalObject</a> is a (usually quite large) natural, inanimate object that is located in the physical universe and is not on the surface of the Earth. (But note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> itself <i>is</i> an instance of this collection.) An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjReJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AstronomicalObject</a> might be either an individual heavenly body (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AstronomicalBody</a>) or a group or system made up of such bodies (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPurL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Galaxy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEQEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetarySystem</a>). See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-n4BEPzcQdaYSaNf0XKNIw" class="cyc_term">CelestialObject</a>, instances of which are visible from the Earth. A collection of heavenly bodies. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a> is an entity spacially distinct from other heavenly bodies that does not emit radiation due to internal fusion processes. planetary body PlanetaryBody A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjp1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandBody</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a> is a body of land surrounded by water. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a>s are typically much smaller in area than (instances of the similarly-defined collection of) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>s (q.v.), though it would be rather arbitrary to try to distinguish these types on the basis of size alone. (And note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a> is both an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>.) For groups of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a>s that form a geographical cluster, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Archipelago</a>. island Island A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjReJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AstronomicalObject</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AstronomicalBody</a> is an astronomical object that is an individual body, as opposed to a group or system of such bodies. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Planet</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi80ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Star</a>. Note that this collection includes only natural bodies; artificially-made objects such as spaceships and communications satellites are excluded. AstronomicalBody heavenly body A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionType</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> each of whose instances is an identifiable subregion of some object, but not itself an independent object. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjk05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkDKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PalmOfHand</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Doorway</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_GenericBarrier</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkE3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorkSurface</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Handle</a>. type of region RegionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a> is a natural stream of water, normally of a large volume. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjANZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ColoradoRiverOfArizona</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmazonRiver</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5qJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YangtzeRiver</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThamesRiver</a>. <p/> For smaller streams, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViptpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Creek</a>. river River Farther North Than (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWxvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fartherNorthThan</a> THING-1 THING-2) means that THING-1 is farther to the north than THING-2 is, although it need not be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnZTBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northOf</a> THING-2; they must be on the same planet surface, and the northernmost point(s) of THING-1 is, strictly speaking, closer to the North Pole than the northernmost point(s) of THING-2. Example: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWxvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fartherNorthThan</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfRomeItaly</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfBostonMA</a>). An example shows a technical difference between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnZTBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">northOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWxvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fartherNorthThan</a>: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfRioDeJaneiroBrazil</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUWxvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fartherNorthThan</a> the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfMelbourneAustralia</a>, even though the shortest air route from Melbourne to Rio is to fly directly south (almost over the <font color="#ff0000">#$SouthPole</font>). fartherNorthThan Volcano volcano A collection of topographical features. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> is a mountain created by the outflow of lava. Elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> may or may not be active volcanoes. Examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vesuvius_Volcano</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountFuji_Volcano</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj--ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Popocatepetl_Volcano</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Krakatoa_Volcano</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaunaKea_Volcano</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6WpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountSaintHelens_Volcano</a>. Borders On (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bordersOn</a> REGION1 REGION2) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s REGION1 and REGION2 are physically adjacent to each other and do not overlap, i.e. there is a border between them. Examples: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bordersOn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralUSATimeZone</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPvb25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainUSATimeZone</a>), (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bordersOn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nepal</a>) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYkdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerritoryFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRbQbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tibet</a>)). bordersOn A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a> is a land-locked body of water, typically but not necessarily of fresh water. Two important specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ5c_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FreshWaterLake</a> (instances of which are fresh-water lakes) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InlandSea</a> (instances of which are salt-water lakes). Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeMaracaibo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeWinnipeg</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeTanganyika</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LochNess_Lake</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeErie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1SpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeTahoe</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CaspianSea</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadSea</a>. lake Lake A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvftLRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Large</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkABpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gulf</a> is a part of a sea extending into a land mass. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkABpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gulf</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaronicGulf</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfMexico</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfArkangelsk</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfCalifornia</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjsY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersianGulf</a>. Gulf gulf TopographicalFeature A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> is a three-dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation. <p/> Some important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peninsula</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harbor</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEVpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoreline</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-apwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KyushuIsland_Japan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaintThomas_Island</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeErie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VictoriaFalls</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MalayPeninsula</a>. <p/> Note that collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtfnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CitySkyline</a>) or ecological characteristics (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a>) are <i>not</i> specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. topographical feature natural world topic NaturalWorld-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2SZdtGMBQdiOl-Ui2UGs_g" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopLevelTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. geography-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFAV2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Geography_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of geography. Geography-Topic CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic geography-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFAV2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Geography_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of geography. Geography-Topic geography-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFAV2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Geography_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of geography. Geography-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code><b>COL</b></code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code><b>COL</b></code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that &quot;exists out there&quot; in the KB-independent world. <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is <i>not</i> a KB-dependent collection. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection