]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Probability-Topic probability-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. The collection of all Bayesian Networks intended for probability reasoning. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a> is a network of nodes in which the nodes are random variables that each typically represent the likelihood of a proposition being true (expressed as a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true). See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtSZipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesNetOfMicrotheory</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a> interconnects a set of propositions (or symbols associated with propositions) together forming a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtXKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DirectedAcyclicGraph</a> in which the links (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a> link) represent a probabilistic conditional dependence between the directly linked nodes. Such a network may be established by asserting (or concluding) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a> predications linking pairs of propositions. There is a 'closed-world assumption' for every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a>, in that pairs of propositions not explicitly linked with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a> are assumed to be not linked. In addition, a node is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX2CRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">conditionallyIndependentSentences</a> the truth values of its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a>s (and no other nodes) - from all nodes other than its 'descendants' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a> is a representation of the entire (strictly positive) joint probability distribution over the random variables. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> of a node can be calculated from the probabilities of its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a>s. (There are always one or more 'source' nodes with no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a>s.) Theoretically, viewed as evidential links based on the joint probability distribution, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a> links are bidirectional. The direction of the links is obtained formally due to an asymmetry between 'parents' and 'children': the truth of a node induces a conditional dependence among its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a>s (the 'explaining away' effect), which does not seem to apply to its Bayesian 'child' nodes. Most Bayesian network theorists consider that the directions on the links correspond to the direction of causal influence, and hence to the direction of time. The name 'Bayesian' is due to the Reverend Thomas Bayes, whose inversion rule was published posthumously in 1763, and later developed by Laplace. Bayesian Networks were devised chiefly by Judea Pearl in the 1980s. BayesNet bayes net A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg3W-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability_Range</a> PROPOSITION PROBRANGE) means that the a priori probability of the truth of the formula PROPOSITION, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, is somewhere in range PROBRANGE (either a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true, or an interval between two such numbers). In most microtheories, generally, this refers to the range of probability that PROPOSITION, by itself, would be true if there were no further evidence in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> for or against it, nor knowledge of the truth of anything else other than the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1D07pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg3W-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability_Range</a> may represent an absolute objective probability range, a subjective assigned probability range, a quantum probability range, or an assigned probability range based on some internal characteristic of PROPOSITION (including possibly a statement in it of the occurrence of a number of outcomes within a large number of trials). This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. Prior Probability Range priorProbability-Range A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> PROPOSITION PROBNO) means that, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, the a posteriori probability of the truth of the formula PROPOSITION, given (and depending on) the current state of knowledge of all other assertions, is PROBNO (a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true). In most microtheories, generally, this refers to the derived probability that PROPOSITION is true given the probabilities of the other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1D07pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkDhyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability_Range</a>. See also the function version of this: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2E_gZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DerivedProbabilityFn</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> depends at least partially on, and is in some manner derived from or affected by, the probabilities of some or all of the other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> (whether prior, derived or conditional) along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rej4s6IMAEdqAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">conditionalProbability</a>. This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. The definition allows for any of several different systems of deriving the probability of one assertion from the probabilities of, or conditional probabilities relating, other assertions. Derived Probability derivedProbability The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_xwQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLProbabilityConstant</a>s that are intended to be phased out, and eventually killed. Please avoid using these constants in new assertions. cyc L probability constant deprecated CycLProbabilityConstant-Deprecated A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv849MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Prior</a> PROPOSITION1 PROPOSITION2) means that, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, the a priori probability that PROPOSITION1 is true is less than the a priori probability that PROPOSITION2 is true. This predicate does not say what the probabilities actually are numerically; it is just an ordering (or rather partial ordering) relation between the two propositions. In most microtheories, generally, this <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv849MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Prior</a> means that the 'prior' probability that PROPOSITION1 is true is less than the 'prior' probability that PROPOSITION2 is true, given only the truth of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> accessible in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, without regard to any further evidence or the truth of any other assertions. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">atLeastAsLikelyAs</a> (which makes no claim of dependence on or independence from other assertions) and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxyUU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Derived</a> (which assumes dependence on other assertions). This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. Less Likely Than Prior lessLikelyThan-Prior probabilistic constant CycLProbabilityConstant The collection of those Cyc constants (individuals, collections, predicates, functions, and non-atomic terms) created to enable probabilistic reasoning (of various kinds). A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7Q71JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">conditionallyIndependent</a> PROPOSITION1 PROPOSITION2) means that, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, PROPOSITION1 and PROPOSITION2 are conditionally independent of each other, that is, truth or falsehood of one does not increase or decrease the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> that the other is true. They are, in a sense, irrelevant to each other. In most microtheories, generally, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7Q71JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">conditionallyIndependent</a> statement means that when all we know in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> are its accessible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a>, then the truths of the two formulae are probabilistically independent. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rej4s6IMAEdqAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">conditionalProbability</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX2CRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">conditionallyIndependentSentences</a>. This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. The definition allows for any of several different systems of deriving the probability of one assertion from the probabilities of, or conditional probabilities relating, other assertions. Conditionally Independent conditionallyIndependent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rORcxXKnuQdiDj8CiPrnh2w" class="cyc_term">ContinuousIntervalOnNumberLine</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all continuous numeric intervals (both real numbers and proper intervals on the real line) between 0 and 1 inclusive. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProbabilityInterval</a> can be used as an argument to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1wAZXoIvEdqAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">ProbabilityFn</a> (q.v.) to represent the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProbabilityInterval</a> (q.v.) that a sentence is true. ProbabilityInterval probability bayes variable The collection of all Bayesian Network Variables intended for probability reasoning. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raXD4KuIbQdaIkN1x-tbuPw" class="cyc_term">BayesVariable</a>s are random variables that each typically represent the likelihood of a proposition being true (expressed as a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true). See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a>. BayesVariable lessLikelyThan-Derived A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxyUU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Derived</a> PROPOSITION1 PROPOSITION2) means that, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, the a posteriori <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> that PROPOSITION1 is true is less than the a posteriori <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> that PROPOSITION2 is true, taking into account other evidence and the truth or falsehood of other assertions. This predicate does not say what the probabilities actually are numerically; it is just an ordering (or rather partial ordering) relation between the two propositions. In most microtheories, generally, this <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxyUU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Derived</a> means that the probability that PROPOSITION1 is true is less than the probability that PROPOSITION2 is true, given the probabilities of other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> accessible in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">atLeastAsLikelyAs</a> (which makes no claim of dependence on or independence from other assertions) and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv849MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lessLikelyThan_Prior</a> (which does not take into account any dependence on other assertions). This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. The definition allows for any of several different systems of deriving the probability of one assertion from the probabilities of, or conditional probabilities relating, other assertions. Less Likely Than Derived Bayes Net Of Microtheory A predicate used for probability reasoning using 'Bayesian Networks'. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtSZipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesNetOfMicrotheory</a> BNET MT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a> BNET has been created for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> MT. This means that all of the nodes in BNET are propositions (Cyc formulae) that are asserted in MT, and are linked to one another by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbvRRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bayesParent</a> assertions in the same MT. This predicate associates the network, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtXKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DirectedAcyclicGraph</a>, with the microtheory. For every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a> there is exactly one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> with which it is associated, but (at present) one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> may have multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a>s associated with it. Some, but possibly not all, of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> will be nodes in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhSzKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayesNet</a>. bayesNetOfMicrotheory Derived Probability Range derivedProbability-Range A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkDhyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability_Range</a> PROPOSITION PROBRANGE) means that, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, the a posteriori probability of the truth of the formula PROPOSITION, given (and depending on) the current state of knowledge of all other assertions, is somewhere in the range PROBRANGE (either a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true, or an interval between two such numbers). In most microtheories, generally, this refers to the derived range of derived probability that PROPOSITION is true given the probabilities (or probability ranges) of the other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg3W-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability_Range</a> and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkDhyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability_Range</a> depends at least partially on, and is in some manner derived from or affected by, the probabilities of some or all of the other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a>s in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> (whether prior, derived or conditional) along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a>. This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. The definition allows for any of several different systems of deriving the probability of one assertion from the probabilities of, or conditional probabilities relating, other assertions. BayesDiscreteOutcome bayes discrete outcome The type collection of all Bayesian Network variable Outcomes intended for probability reasoning. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rP05jBuIcQdaF9oSePoPu2g" class="cyc_term">BayesDiscreteOutcome</a>s are collections that characterize a possible outcome state of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4raXD4KuIbQdaIkN1x-tbuPw" class="cyc_term">BayesVariable</a>. priorProbability Prior Probability A predicate used for probability statements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1D07pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability</a> PROPOSITION PROBNO) means that the a priori probability of the truth of the formula PROPOSITION, in the applicable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>, is PROBNO (a real number between zero and one, where zero means certainly false and one means certainly true). In most microtheories, generally, this refers to the probability that PROPOSITION, by itself, would be true if there were no further evidence in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> for or against it, nor knowledge of the truth of anything else other than the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">domainAssumptions</a> of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a>. Contrast this with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi7c9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedProbability</a> and with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg3W-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability_Range</a>. See also the function version of this predicate: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCLkOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PriorProbabilityFn</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1D07pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">priorProbability</a> may represent an absolute objective probability, a subjective assigned probability, a quantum probability, or an assigned probability based on some internal characteristic of PROPOSITION (including possibly a statement in it of the occurrence of a number of outcomes within a large number of trials). This definition makes no presumption as to determinism versus nondeterminism, nor as to whether probability is only in the mind of some beholder. Probability-Topic probability-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. CycVocabularyTopic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s falling under a topic for which some Cyc Vocabulary exists. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a> is neither a strict [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>] nor a covering [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>] faceting of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>: many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>s may be instances of no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>, or of multiple <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>s. cyc vocabulary topic Probability-Topic probability-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. Probability-Topic probability-topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. cyc metaphysics topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2SZdtGMBQdiOl-Ui2UGs_g" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopLevelTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. CycMetaphysics-Topic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all and only those collections <code>COL</code> such that any thing's being an instance of <code>COL</code> depends on the current state of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a>. Such a <code>COL</code> corresponds to a property defined (at least partly) in terms of the contents, features, or implementation of the Cyc Knowledge Base itself, as opposed to a property that "exists out there" in the KB-independent world. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV281JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLAssertion</a> is a KB-dependent collection, membership in which requires of a given CycL sentence that it has in fact been asserted to the KB. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLSentence</a> is also KB-dependent, as being a CycL sentence requires being composed (ultimately) out of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu6KTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReifiedDenotationalTerm</a>s (and perhaps variables) -- i.e. terms that are currently reified in the KB. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5ddsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sentence</a> is not a KB-dependent collection. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvip9N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KBDependentRelation</a>. KB dependent collection KBDependentCollection