]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. mereotopology concept MereotopologyConcept Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rixW2aOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">MereotopologyConcept</a> are concepts which are included in the domain of mereotopology; therefore, parts, boundaries and the topological relationships among them would be instances of this collection. concept in the domain of mereotopology concepts in the domain of mereotopology the mereotopology domain mereotopology concepts A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of general spatial predicates that can be used to relate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s of all sorts (and only spatial things). Thus, any asserted <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> constraint on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkjapBrEtEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegionPredicate</a> should be to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> itself (and not to any specialization or generalization of that). Typically, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rF2IUMLdzEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingPredicate</a> will also be a binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rF2IUMLdzEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingPredicate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches_Directly</a>. SpatialThingPredicate spatial thing predicate PointSet set of points A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet (q.v.). This is the collection of all sets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s (q.v.). That is, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkf5rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PointSet</a> is equal to (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvn1xdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatialIntersectionOf</a> INTER SET) means that the spatial extent of INTER, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>, is the intersection of the spatial extents of the elements of SET, a set of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s. Spatial Intersection Of spatialIntersectionOf Convex Hull Of A binary predicate that relates a given two- or three-dimensional spatial thing to its intangible "convex hull". If OBJECT is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexHullOf</a> HULL OBJECT)</code> means that HULL is the entire one-dimensional boundary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzb1U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClosedLinearObject</a>) of the minimal convex 2-D space region that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> OBJECT (see #$ConvexSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>). If OBJECT is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexHullOf</a> HULL OBJECT)</code> means that HULL is the entire closed two-dimensional surface (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rylUGus4bEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ClosedSurfaceRegion</a>) of the minimal convex 3-D space region that subsumes OBJECT. Note that the dimensionality of HULL is always one less than that of OBJECT. Also note that, while OBJECT might or might not be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmuSrEoIhQdeQIpazjIb_wQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyContinuousThing</a>, HULL is spatially-continuous in either case. See also the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQOxgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConvexHullFn</a>. To describe the whole convex space region bounded by a given object's convex hull, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2ipMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexSpaceRegionSubsuming_Minimal</a>. convexHullOf A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all semi-circular two-dimensional space regions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwI0rpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SemicircularRegion</a> is half of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>. semicircle SemicircularRegion geographical thing GeographicalThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro3lluGJHQdiVxrZReHS-jQ" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a>. This collection may be thought of as consisting of all the entities which are localizable within the context of a geography, in the sense that they might plausibly be represented on a map. This includes both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> entities like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>s, and also entities that may be wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a>, like territorial borders and boundaries, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdq0oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>s, trajectories of missiles and courses of ships, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzQjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EarthsEquator</a>. Spheroid spheroid A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> is an ellipsoid that has two axes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4BM6CvVqEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">symmetricAxes</a>) of equal length (if all of an ellipsoid's axes are of equal length, it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a>). With respect to a non-spherical spheroid, the axes that are of equal length are equatorial axes, and an axis that is perpendicular to an equatorial axis is a polar axis. (Since a non-spherical spheroid's equatorial axes are coplanar, it therefore has a unique polar axis.) A spheroid whose equatorial axes are longer than its polar axis is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQVBN3ve_EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">OblateSpheroid</a>, and one whose polar axis is longer than its equatorial axes is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHAo0yveyEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ProlateSpheroid</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_8mo2PlOEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">polarRadiusOfSpheroid</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbuaGTPlJEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">equatorialRadiusOfSpheroid</a>. Note that, since an axis is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, it strictly speaking has infinite length. So when we say that a given axis <code>AXIS</code> of a spheroid <code>SPHEROID</code> has the length <code>LENGTH</code>, it is really shorthand for saying that the line-segment part of <code>AXIS</code> whose endpoints are where <code>AXIS</code> intersects <code>SPHEROID</code> has <code>LENGTH</code>. sector shaped thing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and thus a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>. This is the collection of all sector (i.e. "pie-slice") shaped objects, whether tangible or intangible. A two-dimensional <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJy1xpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SectorShapedObject</a> is bounded by two line segments with a common vertex and by an arc of a circle whose center is that vertex. A three-dimensional <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJy1xpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SectorShapedObject</a> has two parallel, congruent surfaces that are 2-D sector-shaped. SectorShapedObject A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleObjectRelatingPredicate</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of relative-location predicates that are used to relate only pure space regions. Thus, any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> constraint on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkjapBrEtEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegionPredicate</a> should be to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a> or a specialization thereof. A notable specialization of this collection is #$RCCBinaryPredicate. space region predicate SpaceRegionPredicate Ellipsoid ellipsoid A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rylUGus4bEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ClosedSurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a> is a two-dimensional unbounded surface, embedded in a three-dimensional space, and such that the planar sections along its respective internal axes are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>s (q.v.). Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a> and its generalization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZFRl6N9NEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EllipsoidalSolid</a>, each instance of which is an (intangible or tangible) three-dimensional object whose boundary is or approximates an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a>. Spatially Subsumes spatiallySubsumes A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a> that is a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt1nkphUDEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIncludes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> SUPER SUB)</code> means that the spatial extent of <code>SUB</code> lies within the spatial extent of <code>SUPER</code>. For example, a model ship in a bottle is not spatially subsumed by the bottle, but the lip of the bottle is spatially subsumed by the bottle. (The bottle <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHDsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyContains</a> the ship.) Note that <code>SUB</code> might or might not be a part of <code>SUPER</code>. For example, a shadow cast on a wall is spatially subsumed by the surface of the wall, but is not a part of it. But note also that <code>SUPER</code> does have a part that is at least spatially coextensive (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a>) with <code>SUB</code>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalDecompositions</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">geographicalSubRegions</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQVBN3ve_EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">OblateSpheroid</a> is a "squashed" spheroid: one whose polar radius is less than its equatorial radius (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_8mo2PlOEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">polarRadiusOfSpheroid</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbuaGTPlJEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">equatorialRadiusOfSpheroid</a>). Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHAo0yveyEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ProlateSpheroid</a>. OblateSpheroid oblate spheroid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT9uHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquilateralPolygon</a> is a polygon whose sides are all of equal length. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviCcIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquiangularPolygon</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyHrCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygon</a>. equilateral shaped thing EquilateralPolygon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>. This is the collection of all sets of spatial things broadly construed (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>). A thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJR9gctepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingSet</a> if and only if it is an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>). Indeed, the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJR9gctepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingSet</a></code> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the non-atomic term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>)</code>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLA1C8NepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegionSet</a> and its specializations. set of spatial things SpatialThingSet A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all ten-sided polygons. Decagon decagon pyramid Pyramid A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pyramid</a> is a polyhedron having an n-sided <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> as its base and n triangles (with a common vertex) as its other faces. Examples include tangible objects, such as the Egyptian pyramids, as well as intangible pyramid-shaped space regions. RodShapedObject rod A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRlfLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RodShapedObject</a> is a solid cylinder whose height is much greater than the radius of its base. Examples include spatially localized objects, such reactor rods, logs, and bacilli, as well as some abstract cylinders. LineSegment-Planar line segment planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzzgf2sl8EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Planar</a> is a straight or curved intangible line-segment that remains in a single two-dimensional plane. For example, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> is a planar line-segment. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0Ps46sl6EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_NonPlanar</a>. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveGtd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> that relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> (qq.v.) in which part of the former is located. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> OBJ GEOSPACE)</code> means that part of <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at <code>GEOSPACE</code>. <code>GEOSPACE</code> corresponds to a set of pairs of geographical coordinates (i.e. degrees latitude and longitude) whose extent is subsumed by the exact space on a planet's surface that is occupied by <code>OBJ</code>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> is agnostic as to whether or not <code>OBJ</code> is (partially or wholly) located under, on, or above the ground at <code>GEOSPACE</code>. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBX2w8n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">locationState</a> to supply such additional information. Also note that this predicate assumes a planetary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrameOfReference</a>, typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerrestrialFrameOfReference</a>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3K54pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>; and see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. partiallyLocatedAt-SurfaceGeographical partial geographical location thing with two or more dimensions PolyDimensionalThing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbIap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a> is a spatial thing that has a dimensionality of two or higher, and thus is either a two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbIap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a>s include tangible or intangible spatially-localized polydimensional objects, such as the flat surface of a tabletop and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least two-dimensional, such as a Platonic cube. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAiFbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> (q.v.). A cylindrical surface might be the entire surface (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0li_0uQjEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">boundaryOfSpatialThing</a>) of a finite cylinder (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRBrT3kTOEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithTopAndBottom</a>), or it might be just the tubular "side" surface of a finite or infinite cylinder (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7ATwgkTLEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithoutTopAndBottom</a>). Note that, in the case of an infinitely long cylinder with no top or bottom, the side surface is the entire surface. CylindricalSurface cylindrical surface PolyhedralSurface polyhedral surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6uDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Unbounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCF6xbM1pEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQfyHuOgnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PolyhedralSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of several (i.e. four or more) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>s. touches A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPutdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">near</a> that holds between certain tangible objects. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> means that <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> are in contact, either directly or indirectly. Two spatial things are directly in contact just in case there is nothing between them; to indicate that such a situation obtains between two spatial things, use the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches_Directly</a>. Two spatial things touch indirectly if there is only a very thin object or substance between them. Here 'very thin' means that the distance between the surfaces of the two spatial things is very much less than the distance between their center points. Here are some examples in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches</a> holds: an airplane touches the air around it; my feet touch the floor (even though I am wearing shoes); a blanket touches the person sleeping under it (even if there is a sheet); a hovercraft touches the water (even though a cushion of air is between it and the water). touching an object A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons. Quadrilateral quadrilateral GeometricFigure A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> and #$HomogeneousExtendedSpaceRegion (qq.v.). This is the collection of geometrical figures: geometrically simple, bounded (one- or higher-dimensional) regions of space. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpHwrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricFigure</a>s include straight line-segments, circles, spheres, and pyramids. Excluded are points, sums of scattered points, figure-eights, and infinite lines. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a>. geometrical figure oval A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all two-dimensional space regions whose boundaries are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>s (q.v.). Geometrically, an elliptical region is an two-dimensional region bounded by a closed curve that is the path of a point that moves so that the sum of its distances from two fixed points (called "foci") is constant. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2v6GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EllipticalRegion</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>, the collection of elliptical regions such that the distance between their boundaries' two foci is zero. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a>. EllipticalRegion multi polygon A specialization of #$HomogeneousPositiveDimensionalSpaceRegion (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rdrUsoNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiPolygon</a> is the mereological sum of one or more non-overlapping <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>s. The boundaries of any two polygons in a multi-polygon may share at most a finite number of points. Note that, in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rdrUsoNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiPolygon</a> corresponds to the type called 'MultiPolygon' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. MultiPolygon OneDimensionalThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all and only one-dimensional things. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a> might be continuous or discontinuous, straight or curved, planar or non-planar (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a>). linear thing generalizedSpatialProduct Generalized Spatial Product A binary predicate that relates a set of tangible objects, space regions, or spatially-localized events to their mereological product or intersection. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reDTB-tw-EdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">generalizedSpatialProduct</a> PRODUCT SET)</code> means that <code>PRODUCT</code> is the unique <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (of the same basic type as each element of <code>SET</code>), if there is one, such that a spatial thing intersects (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a>) <code>PRODUCT</code> if and only if it intersects with each element of <code>SET</code>. Note that "of the same basic type" in the above means that <code>PRODUCT</code> and the elements of <code>SET</code> are either all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s, all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s, or all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>s. This restriction is needed in order to ensure the uniqueness of <code>PRODUCT</code>, since a tangible object, a space region, and an event can have the same spatial extent (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a>), despite their being distinct things. See the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ1Wkkt3VEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedSpatialProductFn</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNX6-ItepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">generalizedSpatialSum</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruU7G7PlvEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">spatialProduct</a>. A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>. Each instance is an area reserved for some particular purpose. space ReservedSpaceRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rREw8nsfnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Unbounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rUeq9IMb4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Infinite</a> (qq.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> are one-dimensional, unbounded, infinite portions of space. They might be straight or curved. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRbPm7sl4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Line_NonPlanar</a>. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a>. Line space line A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a> and #$ConnectedSpaceRegion (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> is a plane figure whose boundary is one or more closed curves, each consisting of three or more straight line-segments joined end-to-end (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a>). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Triangle</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8EXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hexagon</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyHrCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygon</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a>. polygon Polygon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a> is an intangible, two-dimensional, self-connected object whose shape is describable in (relatively simple) geometric terms. Instances include planes, as well as all (planar or "curved") polygons and elliptical regions. For bounded two-dimensional geometric objects that can be embedded in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a>. TwoDimensionalGeometricThing two dimensional shape CCCPointSet CCC point set A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjeg-WJpeEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">CCCPointSet</a> is a set of points in a plane (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXaIeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanarPointSet</a>) with the additional properties that no three distinct elements are collinear (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcoDo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">collinearPoints</a>) and no four distinct elements lie on a common circle (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1BjHztk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">concyclicPoints</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYyzApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Bounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCF6xbM1pEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqw3eMFIyEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemiellipsoid</a> is a half- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a>. Any great ellipse of a given ellipsoid (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1xtToFInEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">greatEllipseOfEllipsoid</a>) divides it into two hemiellipsoids. hemiellipsoid Hemiellipsoid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>. This is the collection of all two-dimensional polygons that are both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviCcIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquiangularPolygon</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT9uHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquilateralPolygon</a>s (qq.v.). One specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRGAb3F4nQdeYVca9lNCZDw" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygonTypeFn</a>. regular polygon RegularPolygon SpaceChunk-Empirical chunk of empirical space A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfvZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion_Empirical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxN6tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk_Empirical</a> is a three-dimensional portion of the intangible space of the empirical universe (see #$TheSpatialUniverse-Empirical). This is the kind of space that physical objects occupy. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzX-JJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface_Empirical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Empirical</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH1QOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point_Empirical</a>. hexagram A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0i5GBMkpEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Star_PlaneFigure</a>. Each instance is an equiangular polygon formed by extending each of the sides of a regular hexagon to form two partially-overlapping equilateral triangles. Hexagram surroundsHorizontally Surrounds Horizontally <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsHorizontally</a> OUTSIDE INSIDE)</code> means that <code>OUTSIDE</code> surrounds a horizontal cross-section of <code>INSIDE</code>. That is, there is some horizontal cross-section of <code>INSIDE</code> such that all rays drawn horizontally from points in that cross-section pass through <code>OUTSIDE</code>, and along each of those rays there are points which are in <code>OUTSIDE</code> but not in <code>INSIDE</code>. Note that <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsHorizontally</a> OUTSIDE INSIDE)</code> is not true if <code>INSIDE</code> shares a boundary with <code>OUTSIDE</code>; for example, Texas is not surrounded by the USA. Positive cases: water surrounds islands, and foothills may surround a mountain range. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViaQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsCompletely</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that the <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> have exactly the same spatial extent. This implies that they have the same location, shape, and size. But note that it does not imply that they are one and the same, or that they have any parts in common. For we allow that distinct things (e.g. a tangible object and the pure space region it occupies) can spatially coincide without sharing any common parts. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s that are cospatial, however, are identical (see #$identicalSpaceRegions). Cospatial cospatial zero dimensional A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv28bxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a> is either a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a> (q.v.) or an arrangement of disconnected points in space. Zero-dimensional objects have no length or breadth or height, nor do they have parts. ZeroDimensionalThing GeographicalPlace-3D intangible geographical volume A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-YsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of three dimensional intangible geographical things. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNwGbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace_3D</a> delineate space in a geographical context. Examples include the intangible space occupied by the Earth's atmosphere and the spatial extent of an underground region to which a particular company has mineral rights. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-YsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). parallelepiped A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzFfAWlQWQdeD1q0iNpVklw" class="cyc_term">Parallelepiped</a> is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a>. Examples include spatially-localized as well as abstract parallelipipeds. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPua9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a>. Parallelepiped A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvn5lgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Quadrilateral</a> (q.v.). A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxNWBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Trapezoid</a> is a four-sided polygon that has exactly two parallel sides. trapezoid Trapezoid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> is a three-dimensional, self-connected object whose shape is (at least roughly) describable in relatively simple geometric terms. Examples include intangible 3-D objects (such as ideal cones and cylinders) as well as certain tangible objects (such as billard balls and dice). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryO43AFsjQdeAPO4LYlJlgA" class="cyc_term">Torus</a>. ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing three dimensional shape RectangularParallelepiped three-dimensional rectangle A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzFfAWlQWQdeD1q0iNpVklw" class="cyc_term">Parallelepiped</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPua9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a> is a three-dimensional object each of whose six faces is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rectangle</a>. Examples include certain spatially-localized objects (e.g a matchbox) as well as abstract rectangular parallelipipeds. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4qT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cube</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwwfziB5sQdeF8uYL1bPzcw" class="cyc_term">Block</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beam</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCl2_VFIuEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemispheroid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a> is a half- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a>. Any great circle of a given sphere divides it into two hemispheres. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPSJjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HemisphericalSolid</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalHemisphere</a>. Note that, despite the latter collection's name, its instances do not approximate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>s as much as they do halves of oblate spheroids (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCl2_VFIuEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemispheroid</a>). hemisphere Hemisphere half-plane HalfPlane A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rW_U-PsyoEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_SemiBounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlatSurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhDcyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HalfPlane</a> is an semi-bounded portion of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>, having a single straight line as a boundary. A straight line cuts any plane in which it lies into two half-planes. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkf5rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PointSet</a> (q.v.). A set of space-points <code>POINT-SET</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXaIeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanarPointSet</a> if and only if, for any four elements (<code>A, B, C</code>, and <code>D</code>) of <code>POINT-SET</code>, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvedEmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">coplanarPoints</a> A B C D)</code> holds. PlanarPointSet planar point set A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJR9gctepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingSet</a>. This is the collection of all sets of homogeneous space regions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPkDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegion</a>). A thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMM_BANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegionSet</a> if and only if it is an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPkDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegion</a>). Indeed, the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMM_BANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegionSet</a></code> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the non-atomic term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPkDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegion</a>)</code>. See also the specialization #$HomogeneousPositiveDimensionalSpaceRegionSet and its specializations. HomogeneousSpaceRegionSet homogeneous space region set Beam A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPua9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beam</a> has a maximum dimension (length) significantly greater than its next largest dimension (e.g. width). Instances of this collection include tangible objects, such as wooden beams in houses, as well as intangible beam-shaped space regions. beam Spatially Contains A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt1nkphUDEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIncludes</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHDsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyContains</a> CONT OBJ)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is within the convex hull of <code>CONT</code>. (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexHullOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2ipMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexSpaceRegionSubsuming_Minimal</a>.) Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHDsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyContains</a> is agnostic as to whether <code>OBJ</code> is a part of <code>CONT</code>, fully inside of <code>CONT</code> (as opposed to sharing an outer surface with it), or moves with <code>CONT</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd51ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">movesWith</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHDsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyContains</a> is a very general predicate, so a more specific predicate is almost always applicable. For example, if <code>OBJ</code> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd51ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">movesWith</a> <code>CONT</code>, the slightly more specific predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4ApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicallyContains</a> is applicable. spatiallyContains Knot knot A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_kzj7sb5EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Finite</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all knots, whether tangible or intangible. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all five-sided polygons. pentagon Pentagon farFrom A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-5B1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">farFrom</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that the object or place <code>THING1</code> is far away from the object or place <code>THING2</code>. The minimal distance that constitutes being "far" is vague, and exceeds, in a particular context, the maximal limit of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPutdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">near</a> (q.v.). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ny5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">notFarFrom</a>. Far From CylindricalSurface-WithTopAndBottom cylindrical surface with top and bottom A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rylUGus4bEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ClosedSurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRBrT3kTOEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithTopAndBottom</a> is the entire two-dimensional surface of a finite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> (q.v.). Note that each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRBrT3kTOEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithTopAndBottom</a> has as proper parts a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7ATwgkTLEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithoutTopAndBottom</a> (q.v.) and two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>s. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhywBFkT6EdaAAACgye4oEQ" class="cyc_term">PhysicalQuantity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another. In some contexts, for example in the argument 2 position of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">altitudeAboveSeaLevel</a>, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> will include directional information. In these contexts, instances can take on positive or negative values. In other contexts, directional information will not matter, and instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> will only take on non-negative values. See the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfM4aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance_Absolute</a> for measures of distance that necessarily do not include directional information, and thus are always non-negative. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzXP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC</a> or the altitude of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadSea</a>, or a range, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViyP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WithinAudibleDistance</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> for more explanation). See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfDistance</a> for the units used by Cyc to measure distances. Distance distance touches-Directly A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches_Directly</a> REGION1 REGION2)</code> means that <code>REGION1</code> and <code>REGION2</code> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are in direct spatial contact. That is, there is a point or region in <code>REGION1</code> and a point or region in <code>REGION2</code> such that the distance between those points/regions is zero. Note that either one of <code>REGION1</code> and <code>REGION2</code> might or might not be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Note also that <code>REGION1</code> and <code>REGION2</code> might or might not be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a> (q.v.). For the case where they are disjoint, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBGZxchZpEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">touches_Externally</a>; for the case where they're not disjoint, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a>. Touches-Directly An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>; it relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3K54pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> OBJ GEOSPACE)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at <code>GEOSPACE</code>. <code>GEOSPACE</code> corresponds to a set of pairs of geographical coordinates (i.e. degrees latitude and longitude) whose extent is the exact space on a planet's surface that is occupied by <code>OBJ</code>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3K54pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> is agnostic as to whether or not <code>OBJ</code> is (partially or wholly) located under, on, or above the ground at <code>GEOSPACE</code>. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBX2w8n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">locationState</a> to supply such additional information. Also note that this predicate assumes a planetary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrameOfReference</a>, typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerrestrialFrameOfReference</a>. See also the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHgwi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegionFn</a>. exactlyLocatedAt-SurfaceGeographical exact geographical location A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all twelve-sided polygons. dodecagon Dodecagon parallelLines Parallel Lines An equivalence relation and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzZqavNk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">coplanarLines</a> (q.v.) that relates straight lines (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>) that are parallel. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNCHr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parallelLines</a> LINE1 LINE2)</code> is true if and only if (i) there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a> that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> both <code>LINE1</code> and <code>LINE2</code> and (ii) <code>LINE1</code> and <code>LINE2</code> do not intersect (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPSJjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HemisphericalSolid</a> is half of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3iex1N9UEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SphericalSolid</a> (q.v.), obtainable by slicing the latter along a great circle. Examples include tangible objects (such as the halves of a grapefruit) as well as intangible 3-D hemispherical space regions. See also the two-dimensional shape-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>. HemisphericalSolid hemisphere MultiLineSegment multi line segment A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYeG6UNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiLineSegment</a> is the mereological sum of one or more non-overlapping <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>s. Two distinct line-segment parts of a multi-line-segment may only meet at their endpoints. Note that, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYeG6UNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiLineSegment</a> corresponds to the type called 'MultiCurve' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ3Xw9FJGEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EllipticalCurve</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJpjpoFJMEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Semicircle</a> is a half- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>. semiellipse Semiellipse half-line A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a> (q.v.). The collection of all geometric rays, or half-lines. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh19N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ray_Geometrical</a> has a single end point and contains all the points on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a> (containing the end point) that lie in a given direction from that point. Any given straight line can be divided at any point incident in it into two rays. Ray-Geometrical (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet ClosedSurfaceRegion ClosedLinearObject)) the union of The Set closed surface region closed linear object partially located at spatial An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4e3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> (q.v.) that relates a spatial thing to a space region. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd2U9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> OBJ LOC)</code> means that part of <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>) <code>LOC</code>. For example, my office is partially located in the space region occupied by my desk. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy6hEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. partiallyLocatedAt-Spatial SpaceRegion spatial region A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> (qq.v.) whose instances are regions of space that exclusively act as possible locations for other spatial objects, and thus are immobile. A space region might be three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional; and spatial objects "occupy" such regions accordingly. Three-dimensional space regions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a>) can be occupied by solid objects. Two-dimensional space regions (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>s) can be occupied by a purely two-dimensional objects. And similarly for one-dimensional space regions (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>s) and zero-dimensional space regions (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s). Another important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfvZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion_Empirical</a>, whose instances are pieces of the embedding space for spatio-temporal objects (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>). For more on spatial location and occupancy, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and its instances. multi line string A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhJraXtepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiLineString</a> is the mereological sum of one or more non-overlapping <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a>s (q.v.). Two distinct line-string parts of a multi-line-string may intersect only at their endpoints. Note that, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhJraXtepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiLineString</a> corresponds to the type called 'MultiLineString' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. MultiLineString Octagon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all eight-sided polygons. octagon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rectangle</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE_puZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rhombus</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyHrCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygon</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a> is a four-sided polygon whose sides are all of equal length and whose internal angles are all of equal measure (viz. 90 degrees). square Square inRegion In Region This is a general locative predicate that has a diverse group of specializations. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inRegion</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> means, roughly, that <code>OBJ1</code> is located "at" or "in" <code>OBJ2</code>. <code>OBJ1</code> might or might not be a part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a>) of <code>OBJ2</code>. Certain important specializations (and inverse-specializations) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inRegion</a>, however, differ on this point. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectFoundInLocation</a> are noncommital on the parthood issue, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalDecompositions</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAWf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rhomboid</a> is a four-sided polygon whose opposing sides are parallel and whose adjacent sides are of unequal length. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE_puZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rhombus</a>. rhomboid Rhomboid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqw3eMFIyEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemiellipsoid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCl2_VFIuEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemispheroid</a> is a half- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a>. Any great ellipse of a given spheroid (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcZbvmlIhEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">greatEllipseOfSpheroid</a>) divides it into two hemispheroids. Note that, despite the collection's name, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalHemisphere</a> do not approximate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryStbyFITEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemisphere</a>s (cf.) as much as they do <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCl2_VFIuEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Hemispheroid</a>s. hemispheroid Hemispheroid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVJFxptepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiSurface</a> is the mereological sum of one or more non-overlapping <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>s (q.v.). The boundaries of any two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>s that are parts of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVJFxptepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiSurface</a> may share at most a finite number of points. Note that, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVJFxptepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiSurface</a> corresponds to the type called 'MultiSurface' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. multi surface MultiSurface geometrical plane figure PlaneFigure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpHwrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricFigure</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYyzApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Bounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlatSurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a> is an intangible, self-connected, bounded, two-dimensional, geometrical figure that can be embedded in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a>. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>. Note that the boundary of a plane figure is not itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHxm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlaneFigure</a>, but is rather a one-dimensional, planar, closed curve (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>). notFarFrom Not Far From A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> (q.v.) and a contrary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEKXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-5B1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">farFrom</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">not</a> FarFrom THING1 THING2)</code> means that the object or place <code>THING1</code> is not far away from the object or place <code>THING2</code>. The minimal distance that constitutes being "far" is vague, and exceeds, in a particular context, the maximal limit of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPutdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">near</a> (q.v.). set of polylines A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXLgqANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">LineSegmentSet</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all sets whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a>s. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfvb3StepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">LineStringSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a>). LineStringSet A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZFRl6N9NEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EllipsoidalSolid</a> is a (tangible or intangible) three-dimensional object whose boundary is or approximates an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a> (q.v.) Examples of ellipsoidal solids include tangible objects such as jelly beans, as well as intangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3NpkKEGFEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpheroidalSolid</a>. ellipsoid EllipsoidalSolid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQfyHuOgnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PolyhedralSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTz2RxOm8EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PyramidalSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pyramid</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of an n-sided polygon that is its base with n-1 triangles that meet at a common vertex. PyramidalSurface pyramidal surface point in space Point A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPkDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv28bxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of points that have a fixed location with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference. Space points can be used to indicate the locations (or partial locations) of things in space (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW_yXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">locatedAtPoint_Spatial</a>). An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH1QOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point_Empirical</a> (q.v.), whose instances have fixed locations with respect to some coordinate system or frame of reference in the empirically-observable universe, and thus are embedded in time. An example of a space-point not in the empirical universe is a point in some abstract Euclidean space of the sort studied in geometry. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a>. whollyLocatedAt-SurfaceGeographical An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveGtd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> that relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> (qq.v.) in which all of the former is located. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> OBJ GEOSPACE)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at some part of <code>GEOSPACE</code>. <code>GEOSPACE</code> corresponds to a set of pairs of geographical coordinates (i.e. degrees latitude and longitude) whose extent subsumes the exact space on a planet's surface that is occupied by <code>OBJ</code>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> is agnostic as to whether or not <code>OBJ</code> is (partially or wholly) located under, on, or above the ground at <code>GEOSPACE</code>. Use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBX2w8n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">locationState</a> to supply such additional information. Also note that this predicate assumes a planetary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrameOfReference</a>, typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerrestrialFrameOfReference</a>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3K54pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>; and see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. entire geographical location Hendecagon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all eleven-sided polygons. hendecagon point A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd2U9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> (q.v.) that holds between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW_yXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">locatedAtPoint_Spatial</a> OBJECT POINT)</code> means that <code>OBJECT</code> is located at <code>POINT</code>. This is a cross-dimensional locational predicate that can be used to indicate when the region occupied by some extended spatial object includes some point. See also #$incidentInSpaceRegion. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW_yXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">locatedAtPoint_Spatial</a> is irreflexive; in order to locate points in space use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>. locatedAtPoint-Spatial line segment A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rExBzRsfpEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Bounded</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of straight line segments. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpuF1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Straight</a> is a portion of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, having two end points and containing all colinear points between those end points. LineSegment-Straight spatiallyEquidimensional Spatially Equidimensional An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqv2bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquivalenceRelation</a> that relates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH4Ej5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyEquidimensional</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> means that <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> both occupy the same number of spatial dimensions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a>). Note that there are a number of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a>s that are conceived as only relating objects of the same dimensionality; see for example the instances of #$RCCBinaryPredicate. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcTGCWOdWEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYHkUMkGaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithoutBase</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> (q.v.) minus the base (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcrKOqkGYEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithBase</a>). The entire surface of an infinite cone is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYHkUMkGaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithoutBase</a>. conical surface without a base ConicalSurface-WithoutBase Rhombus rhombus shaped thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT9uHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquilateralPolygon</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all rhombi: four-sided polygons whose opposing sides are parallel and whose sides are all of equal length. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a> is a closed, one-dimensional curve that is the path of a point that moves so that its distance from another point -- the circle's center -- is constant. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a>, each instance of which is a two-dimensional region whose boundary is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>. circle Circle CylindricalSurface-WithoutTopAndBottom cylindrical surface with no top or bottom A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7ATwgkTLEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithoutTopAndBottom</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, tubelike "side" surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> (q.v.). Note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7ATwgkTLEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithoutTopAndBottom</a> (like the cylinder it is the side of) might be finite or infinite in height. If finite, it will be a proper part of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRBrT3kTOEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface_WithTopAndBottom</a> (q.v.). CavityInteriorRegion A specializaion of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxN6tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk_Empirical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqUF3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityInterior_Generic</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of space regions that constitute cavities inside the walls or boundaries of solid objects. Such regions need not be completely sealed off. As a space region, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVio6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorRegion</a> is intangible, and thus not to be confused with the partially tangible matter that might fill or occupy it (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrUo0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorContent</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cavity</a>, whose instances, unlike those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVio6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorRegion</a>, can include walls (in which cases they are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdzSmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityWithWalls</a>). And see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityInteriorRegionFn</a>. interior LinearRing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzb1U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClosedLinearObject</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRfEK2teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">LinearRing</a> is a geometrically simple, closed line-segment consisting of multiple (i.e. three or more) straight line-segments. Note that, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRfEK2teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">LinearRing</a> corresponds to the type called 'LinearRing' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. linear ring ConicalSurface conical surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcTGCWOdWEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface</a> is either (i) the entire two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcrKOqkGYEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithBase</a>) or (ii) the same, but without the circular base (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYHkUMkGaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithoutBase</a>). A specialization of #$ConnectedSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNA9dcsieEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MultiplyConnectedThing</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all and only multiply-connected space regions: space regions having one or more "holes" in them. MultiplyConnectedSpaceRegion multiply connected space region lineOfSight-PointToRegion line of sight from point to region A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that relates geographical points to georaphical regions. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvws4mZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lineOfSight_PointToPoint</a> POINT REGION)</code> means that <code>REGION</code> is the largest region such that every point in it is "in the line of sight of" <code>POINT</code>, and vice versa (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvws4mZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lineOfSight_PointToPoint</a>). See also the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvw0-fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineOfSightFn</a>. RightTriangle right triangle A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Triangle</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all triangles having two adjacent sides that form a right (i.e. 90 degree) angle. RingShapedObject loop A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>. This is the collection of all two-dimensional ring-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingShapedObject</a> is a two-dimensional object having two roughly parallel circular or elliptical edges. Typically, the thickness of the ring (i.e. the distance between the outer and inner edges) is small compared to the radius of the outer edge. Examples include spatially-localized objects (e.g. a wedding ring or a washer), as well as abstract rings. For three-dimensional "ring-shaped" objects, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryO43AFsjQdeAPO4LYlJlgA" class="cyc_term">Torus</a>. Touches-Externally touches-Externally An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches_Directly</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBGZxchZpEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">touches_Externally</a> REGION1 REGION2)</code> means that <code>REGION1</code> and <code>REGION2</code> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that are directly touching, but do not share any spatial parts. chunk of space SpaceChunk A specialization of both #$ConnectedSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a> are three-dimensional portions of a three-dimensional space. This is the kind of "place" that solid objects occupy. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the volume of such objects. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxN6tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk_Empirical</a>, whose instances are pieces of space in the empirical universe -- the kind of space that physical objects occupy. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>. MultiPoint multi point A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv28bxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rafTCWtepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiPoint</a> is the mereological sum (see #$generalizedSpaceRegionSum) of one or more (and no more than a countable number of) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s (q.v.). Note that, in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN6LI4teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesMt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rafTCWtepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">MultiPoint</a> corresponds to the type called 'MultiPoint' in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> document. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZ3Xw9FJGEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EllipticalCurve</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> is a continuous proper part of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>. Arc arc A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPyiUNslvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_NonPlanar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0Ps46sl6EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_NonPlanar</a> is a curved intangible line-segment that does not remain in a single two-dimensional plane, but can only be embedded in a 3-D space region. For example, a one-dimensional bounded spiral or knot is a non-planar line-segment. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzzgf2sl8EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Planar</a>. LineSegment-NonPlanar line segment non planar rectangular parallelepiped surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5SIsCujzEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ParallelepipedSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHph1GumuEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepipedSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPua9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of six <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rectangle</a>s that are edge-connected at right angles. RectangularParallelepipedSurface A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a>. The collection of all wedge-shaped spatial objects, whether tangible objects or intangible space regions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTr58ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wedge</a> is a polyhedron with five sides, two of which are (parallel, congruent) triangles and three of which are rectangles; any cross-section of a wedge parallel to its two triangular ends is a triangle congruent to those ends. For example, the space occupied by a pup tent is roughly a wedge. wedge shaped thing Wedge Triangle triangle A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-sided polygons. set of line segments LineSegmentSet A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet. This is the collection of all sets whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>s. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rXLgqANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">LineSegmentSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>). Ellipse A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzb1U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClosedLinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> is a closed, one-dimensional curve that is the path of a point that moves so that the sum of its respective distances from two fixed points -- the ellipse's foci -- is constant. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>, each instance of which is an ellipse such that the distance between its foci is zero. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2v6GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EllipticalRegion</a>, each instance of which is a two-dimensional region whose boundary is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9CgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ellipsoid</a>. ellipse The "collection-intersection" of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfsk6XsbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_TwoDimensional</a> is the collection of all and only linearly-shaped objects that are extended in exactly two spatial dimensions. They might be straight or curved, bounded or unbounded; being strictly two-dimensional, they are intangible. In certain two-dimensional geometrical contexts, a long and thin 2-D region might be treated as a line. For example, a river, as represented on a map, might demarcate the boundary between two countries. LinearObject-TwoDimensional linear object two dimensional homogenous space region generic that is not a point in space (CollectionDifferenceFn HomogeneousSpaceRegion Point) rod shaped thing Tube A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> is a hollow "side" surface of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a>. They might be straight or curved lengthwise. Examples include both tangible objects (such as pipes and hoses) and intangible tubular space regions. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> (q.v.) has a two-dimensional <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> as a part. The surface of an infinitely long cylinder with no "top" or "bottom" just is an infinite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a>. Microtheory context A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6iVgyruPQdefX9D0i1i7MQ" class="cyc_term">AbstractIndividual</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Microtheory</a> is an atemporal, aspatial, informational thing that represents a context in Cyc. Each microtheory (or 'mt') serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions; the assertions in an mt constitute the content of that mt. Note that each assertion in the Cyc knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one microtheory. Assertions stated to be true in one mt will also be true (by inference) in more specialized mts that depend on the content of that mt. For example, if something is true in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanSocialLifeMt</a> (q.v.), then it should by default be true in the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSocialLifeMt</a> (q.v.). Specialized microtheories are related to the more general microtheories on which they depend by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlMt</a> (q.v.). Note that every query is made in some mt, and the answer one gets to a query depends on the mt in which it is asked, since the only assertions which can be used to answer a query in an mt are those explicitly stated to be true in that mt, or in some more general mt. See also the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a>, which is used to relate an assertion to the microtheories in which it is true. A symmetric, irreflexive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> (q.v.) and a contrary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWEKXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMFEmXtkiEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">partiallySpatiallyIntersects</a> OBJECT1 OBJECT2)</code> means that the spatial extents of <code>OBJECT1</code> and <code>OBJECT2</code> overlap, but only partially, so that neither is completely included in the other. Thus, there is some part of <code>OBJECT1</code> that is disjoint with <code>OBJECT2</code>, and vice versa. For example, the sonoran desert, which straddles the US and Mexico, partially intersects both of those countries. And the circular regions in a standard Venn diagram partially intersect one another. See also the specialization #$partiallyOverlappingSpaceRegions. partiallySpatiallyIntersects Partially Spatially Intersects A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvn5lgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Quadrilateral</a> (q.v.). A quadrilateral is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r14l50Nk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">CyclicQuadrilateral</a> if and only its vertices are concyclic (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1BjHztk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">concyclicPoints</a>): they all lie on a common <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>. cyclic quadrilateral CyclicQuadrilateral FiniteSpatialThing finite spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSxB5MsycEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">FiniteSpatialThing</a> is a spatial thing that measures a finite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a> in all of its dimensions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMAdGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">extensionParametersOfObject</a>). A finite line (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_kzj7sb5EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Finite</a>) has finite length; an finite surface has a finite length and finite "width"; and an finite three-dimensional spatial thing has finite length, finite "width", and finite "height". A finite spatial thing might be tangible or intangible. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvv7oRMyVEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InfiniteSpatialThing</a>. A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet. This is the collection of all sets whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>s. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcXV86tepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PolygonSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>). set of polygons PolygonSet The collection of polyadic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a>s that are used to relate only spatial things that occupy the same number of dimensions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a>). The most general binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-8JFqLEwEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EquidimensionalSpatialPredicate</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH4Ej5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyEquidimensional</a>. A notable specialization of this predicate-type is #$RCCBinaryPredicate. Note that most of the equidimensional spatial predicates currently refied in the Cyc Knowledge Base admit arguments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQVpy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">admittedArgument</a>) of different dimensions, but only hold between arguments that are of the same dimensionality (see e.g. #$connectedSpaceRegions). Some equidimensional predicates, however, only admit arguments of one particular dimensionality (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNCHr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parallelLines</a>). EquidimensionalSpatialPredicate equidimensional spatial predicate A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all six-sided polygons. Hexagon hexagon star Star-PlaneFigure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0i5GBMkpEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Star_PlaneFigure</a> is a star-shaped plane figure with three or more points. The perimeter of a star figure is a closed <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a> whose internal angles alternate between acute (< 180-degrees) and obtuse (> 180-degrees); the vertices of the acute angles are the "points" of the star. whollyLocatedAt-Spatial wholly located at spatial An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4e3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">inRegion</a>, and (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> (qq.v.) that relates a spatial thing to a space region such that the entirety of the former is located within the latter. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy6hEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> OBJ LOC)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>) a part of <code>LOC</code>. For example, my desk is wholly located in the space region occupied by my office. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd2U9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. polyline A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a> is a finite segment of line that is the sum of one or more straight line-segments, connected end-to-end, and not necessarily colinear with each other. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRfEK2teGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">LinearRing</a>. LineString type of thing Collection A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all collections of things. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> is a kind or type of thing whose instances share a certain property, attribute, or feature. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> is the collection of all and only cats, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOckfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryFunction</a> is the collection of all and only functions taking two arguments. The notion of collection is fundamental to the Cyc ontology, and is thus difficult to define in a precise and substantive way. But it is instructive to compare it to the mathematical notion of a set (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>). Like a set, a collection is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpJ-nSEkJQdeC8NLkYPDBBw" class="cyc_term">AbstractThing</a> (i.e. aspatial and atemporal) that is not an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (cf.), but instead has elements (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGWaK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a>). Unlike a set, however, the elements or "instances" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) of a given collection can vary from context to context, and it is possible for distinct collections to have exactly the same elements (i.e. to have the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwN2YGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">extent</a>) with respect to a given context. For example, the (non-reified) collections "Chordate" and "Renate" are co-extensional in the context of the present-day actual world, but have differring extents with respect to hypothetical contexts in which there exist creatures having hearts but not kidneys. This difference is sometimes summarized by saying that sets are "extensional" things and collections are "intensional" things. Many, though by no means all, of the collections reified in the Cyc ontology correspond to natural kinds or classes. It is particulary useful to reify collections that are difficult to define precisely, but about which there are many common-sense rules and other things to state. For example, it would not be worthwile to introduce a constant 'WhiteCat', both because it's easy to define the collection of white cats in terms of more general, already-reified notions (e.g. '(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEcGC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionIntersection2Fn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cat</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBjWwGHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>)'), and because there's not much to say about that particular collection. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsX6vHnS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteCollarWorker</a>, on the other hand, is a good collection to have reified, as it is hard to define precisely, yet is a collection about which there are many things to say. Some of the many reified specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIE23ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeDependentCollection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. (RegularPolygonTypeFn Quadrilateral) square A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRbPm7sl4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Line_NonPlanar</a> is a curved intangible line that does not remain in a single two-dimensional plane, but can only be embedded in a 3-D space region. For example, a one-dimensional unbounded spiral is a non-planar line. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a>. Line-NonPlanar line non planar Spatially Includes A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that is the common generalization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviHDsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyContains</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> (neither of which is a generalization of the other). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt1nkphUDEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIncludes</a> SURROUND OBJ)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is subsumed by the space contained in the convex hull of <code>SURROUND</code>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt1nkphUDEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIncludes</a> is agnostic as to whether <code>OBJ</code> is a part of <code>SURROUND</code>, is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a> with <code>SURROUND</code>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMFEmXtkiEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">partiallySpatiallyIntersects</a> <code>SURROUND</code>, is properly inside of <code>SURROUND</code> (as opposed to sharing an outer surface), moves with <code>SURROUND</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd51ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">movesWith</a>), or shares a complete outer surface with <code>SURROUND</code>. As <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt1nkphUDEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIncludes</a> is very general, a more specific predicate is usually applicable. spatiallyIncludes cone A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> is a three-dimensional geometric object with a circular base; the rest of the surface of the object is formed by lines joining each point of the periphery of the base to a common vertex. Examples include both tangible objects (e.g. a solid traffic cone) and intangible space regions (e.g. the space swept out by rotating a particular right triangle about one of its sides). Cone A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJR9gctepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingSet</a>. This is the collection of all sets of space regions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>). A set is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLA1C8NepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegionSet</a> if and only if it is an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>). Indeed, the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLA1C8NepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegionSet</a></code> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the non-atomic term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>)</code>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMM_BANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegionSet</a> and its specializations. SpaceRegionSet set of spatial regions A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> (q.v.) and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqv2bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquivalenceRelation</a>. This is indeed the most general of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a>s (q.v.), in that it is by design a generalization (via either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVtJUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPTNLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPredsWRTArgs</a>) of every spatial predicate. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyRelated</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> are somehow spatially related to each other. This implies that the two things are embedded within the same surrounding space, but does not specify any more particular spatial relation between them. Thus, any two spatial objects located in the empirically-observable universe (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>) are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyRelated</a> to each other. Conversely, two spatial things that are embedded in different spaces (e.g. an object in the physical universe and a geometric figure in an abstract space defined in the context of a geometry problem) are not spatially related. spatiallyRelated Spatially Related Parallelogram parallelogram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvn5lgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Quadrilateral</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all four-sided polygons such that each side is parallel to its opposite side. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rectangle</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwE_puZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rhombus</a>. torus surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6uDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Unbounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCF6xbM1pEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rasrS8OjyEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TorusSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryO43AFsjQdeAPO4LYlJlgA" class="cyc_term">Torus</a> (q.v.). TorusSurface A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPua9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepiped</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all three-dimensional cubes, whether spatially-localized (e.g. dice) or abstract. cube Cube member of { linear thing, lines } The "collection-intersection" of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> is the collection of all and only linearly-shaped objects that are extended in only one spatial dimension. They might be straight or curved, bounded or unbounded; being strictly one-dimensional, they are intangible. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh19N5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ray_Geometrical</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>. LinearObject-OneDimensional Surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a>, #$ConnectedSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> is a two-dimensional portion of space, which might be flat or embeddable in a three-dimensional space. It makes sense to speak of, or compute, the area of these regions. For example, the space occupied by a flat surface belongs to this collection. Conversely, the space occupied by a solid chunk of matter (such as a sheet of rice paper) is not a space-surface, but is instead a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a> (cf.). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzX-JJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface_Empirical</a>, whose instances are 2-D pieces of space in the empirical universe. Also cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>. space surface A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4riPG7fJpeEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">CCPointSet</a> is a set of points in a plane (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXaIeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanarPointSet</a>) with the additional property that no three distinct elements are collinear (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcoDo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">collinearPoints</a>). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjeg-WJpeEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">CCCPointSet</a>. CC point set CCPointSet partial geographical location of part of object An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg_ny5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">notFarFrom</a> that relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLjlAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing</a> to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> (qq.v.) such that part of the former is located at a part of the latter. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveGtd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> OBJ GEOSPACE)</code> means that part of <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at a part of <code>GEOSPACE</code>. <code>GEOSPACE</code> corresponds to a set of pairs of geographical coordinates (i.e. degrees latitude and longitude) whose extent intersects the exact space on a planet's surface that is occupied by <code>OBJ</code>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> is agnostic as to whether or not <code>OBJ</code> is (partially or wholly) located under, on, or above the ground at <code>GEOSPACE</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBX2w8n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">locationState</a>); that is why this predicate is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a>. Also note that this predicate assumes a planetary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrameOfReference</a>, typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerrestrialFrameOfReference</a>. See also the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5zCUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvu8pPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. genericallyLocatedAt-SurfaceGeographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuen5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Disc</a> is a cylinder with a height much less than the radius of its base. Disc disk one-dimensional thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkgulJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalGeometricThing</a> is the collection of all one-dimensional, self-connected objects that can be described in relatively simple geometric terms. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpuF1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Straight</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKAYkmM7jEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Ellipse</a>. OneDimensionalGeometricThing nearby object near This intentionally-vague predicate relates spatial things that are relatively near each other. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPutdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">near</a> THIS THAT)</code> means that the distance between <code>THIS</code> and <code>THAT</code> is such that -- given the situation at hand and the sorts of things that <code>THIS</code> and <code>THAT</code> are -- they would be considered near each other by most observers. Note that an object is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPutdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">near</a> itself, anything it touches, and any part of itself. When appropriate, use a more precisely-defined predicate such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvi777pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nearToDegree</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZIVk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nearRelativeTo</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9J_65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nearForRolesInEventType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHLmPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nearnessForRolesInEventType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches_Directly</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a>. GeographicalSpaceRegion geographical region of space A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfvZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion_Empirical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKkpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalThing_Intangible_FixedLocation</a> (qq.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> are pieces of space that are relevant to geographical reasoning. They are intangible points, lines, surfaces or three-dimensional areas that have a fixed location with respect to the region descriped by a map. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vcFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalSpaceRegion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdMkZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace_0D</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPNUZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace_1D</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8TwUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace_2D</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNwGbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalPlace_3D</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfvZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion_Empirical</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwH1QOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point_Empirical</a> is a zero-dimensional object that belongs to, and thus has a fixed location in, the embedding space of the empirical universe (see #$TheSpatialUniverse-Empirical). Examples include the location of the center of mass of the Milky Way galaxy at the beginning of the 20th Century. Note that empirical space points are embedded in time; if time is not a significant parameter (i.e. if in an atemporal or temporally agnostic context) consider using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a> instead. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Empirical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzX-JJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface_Empirical</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxN6tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk_Empirical</a>. point in space Point-Empirical SpatialThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsrySJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. spatial thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmuSrEoIhQdeQIpazjIb_wQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyContinuousThing</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of self-connected (i.e. one-piece) spatial things that have no geometrical boundary. In the case of a line, this means having no end-points (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rREw8nsfnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Unbounded</a>). In the case of a surface, this means having no perimeter, edges, or holes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6uDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Unbounded</a>). In the case of a solid, this means having no (internal or external) surface whatsoever -- which effectively means being hole-free and infinitely extended in all directions. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rdgn2Qs4MEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyBoundedThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzVOpqs4xEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallySemiBoundedThing</a>. SpatiallyUnboundedThing spatially unbounded thing Torus A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBfkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoundObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all tori, or "donut-shaped" objects, whether tangible or intangible. More precisely, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryO43AFsjQdeAPO4LYlJlgA" class="cyc_term">Torus</a> is a three-dimensional object generated by the revolution of an ellipse (especially a circle) about any line in its plane and external to it. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingShapedObject</a>. torus binary predicate A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnXI-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryRelation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Predicate</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> is the collection of all predicates whose arity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a>) is 2. BinaryPredicate generically located at spatial An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> (q.v.) that relates a spatial thing to any space region such that the two spatially overlap. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4e3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> OBJ LOC)</code> means that a part of <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>) a part of <code>LOC</code>. For example, a loaf of french bread is spatially generically-located at the space that forms the interior of the grocery bag it's in, even if it sticks partly out of the bag. See the specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd2U9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy6hEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rveGtd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genericallyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. genericallyLocatedAt-Spatial A specialization of #$NullSpaceRegion (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rn0e8ethHEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">NullBoundary</a> is a null space region that is the (empty) boundary of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFj-mzs4EEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyUnboundedThing</a> (q.v.), according to a convention adopted in certain geometrical contexts. This convention is a simplifying assumption that allows a "boundary function" (the function from things in space to their boundaries; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0li_0uQjEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">boundaryOfSpatialThing</a>) to be defined as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKaMpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TotalFunction</a> on the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. At most one null boundary is recognized with respect to any given context. Note that the dimensionality (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_0csquQiEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">dimensionOfSpatialThing</a>) of any null boundary is set by fiat to -1. This conforms with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> standard. NullBoundary null boundary geometric plane Plane A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6uDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Unbounded</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViEeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlatSurfaceRegion</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all geometric planes. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a> is an unbounded, perfectly flat, two-dimensional region of space. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhDcyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HalfPlane</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsHigSkHNEdaAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">TotallyOrderedCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a>; a collection of collections of spatial things. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (q.v.) consisting of all and only those things having the same particular number of spatial dimensions. Instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv28bxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2KKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OneDimensionalThing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>. spatial thing type by number of dimensions SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions ProlateSpheroid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHAo0yveyEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ProlateSpheroid</a> is a "pointy" spheroid: one whose polar radius is greater than its equatorial radius (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_8mo2PlOEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">polarRadiusOfSpheroid</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbuaGTPlJEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">equatorialRadiusOfSpheroid</a>). Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQVBN3ve_EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">OblateSpheroid</a>. prolate spheroid surroundsCompletely surrounding completely An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViaQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsCompletely</a> OUTSIDE INSIDE)</code> means that <code>OUTSIDE</code> completely surrounds <code>INSIDE</code>. To be more precise, all rays with origins at <code>INSIDE</code> pass through <code>OUTSIDE</code> by default (with some exceptions; for example, a ray with an origin at <code>INSIDE</code> might pass through a small hole in <code>OUTSIDE)</code>. Note that <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViaQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsCompletely</a> OUTSIDE INSIDE)</code> implies that <code>OUTSIDE</code> and <code>INSIDE</code> are spatially disjoint (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a>). For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViaQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">surroundsCompletely</a> would hold between a a candy bar wrapper and a candy bar, or between a body of water and a fish in that body of water. convexSpaceRegionSubsuming-Minimal A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8F5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialPredicate</a> that relates a spatial thing to the region of space enclosed by its "convex hull". <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2ipMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexSpaceRegionSubsuming_Minimal</a> REGION OBJECT)</code> means that <code>REGION</code> is the minimal convex <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a> that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> all parts of <code>OBJECT</code>. To state things about the convex hull itself (rather than the entire region it encloses), use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-vBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">convexHullOf</a>. Note that <code>OBJECT</code> might be a single object or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> of spatially disjoint objects. See also the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzu2MpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MinimalSubsumingConvexSpaceRegionFn</a>. Convex Space Region Subsuming Minimal Generalized Spatial Sum A binary predicate that relates a set of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJR9gctepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingSet</a>) of the same basic type (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjJE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event_Localized</a>) to their mereological sum or union. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNX6-ItepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">generalizedSpatialSum</a> SUM SET)</code> means that <code>SUM</code> is the spatial sum of all the elements of <code>SET</code>. <code>SUM</code> is itself of the same basic type as the elements of <code>SET</code>; e.g. if <code>SET</code> is a set of tangible objects, then <code>SUM</code> is a tangible object. This predicate is a generalization of the predicate #$generalizedSpaceRegionSum, which relates a set of equidimensional, homogeneous space regions (see #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet) to their sum. See the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rO-TRwNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedSpatialSumFn</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reDTB-tw-EdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">generalizedSpatialProduct</a>. generalizedSpatialSum CircularRegion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2v6GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EllipticalRegion</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of elliptical regions whose boundaries are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>s. Geometrically, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a> is a plane figure bounded by a closed curve each point on which is equidistant from a single ("center") point. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuen5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Disc</a>. circle A specialization of #$ConnectedSpaceRegion and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r31jQ-siZEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SimplyConnectedThing</a> (qq.v.). This is the collection of all and only simply-connected space regions. A notable specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryDBy-sunEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SimplyConnectedSpaceRegion</a> is #$ConvexSpaceRegion. simply connected space region SimplyConnectedSpaceRegion Nonagon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all nine-sided polygons. nonagon cylinder Cylinder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> is a three-dimensional object that has a straight or curved <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> (q.v.) as its "side" surface; any cross-section taken with respect to its side is (at least roughly) circular, and any two such cross-sections have (at least roughly) the same diameter. A cylinder of finite length will also have a circular base and a circular top as parts of its boundary; an infinite cylinder has no top, and might have no base either. Examples of cylinders include tangible objects (such as a roll of nickels) as well as intangible cylindrical space regions. For cylinders with straight sides, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQbjwoudLEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">RightCylinder</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HollowCylindricalObject</a>. spatiallyDisjoint A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyRelated</a> (q.v.) that holds between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s that do not spatially overlap. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> are in the same spatial universe (see #$UniversalSpaceRegion), but there is no space region that they both subsume (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a>). It follows that <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> have no spatial <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7bpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parts</a> in common. For example, the United States and the Soviet Union were spatially disjoint, as were Plato and Aristotle, and as are the planets Saturn and Jupiter. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a>. Spatially Disjoint PositiveDimensionalThing spatial thing with one or more dimensions A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a> is a spatial thing having a positive (i.e. non-zero) number of dimensions, and thus is either a one- or two- or three- (or higher-) dimensional spatial object. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a>s include tangible or intangible spatially-localized objects, such as the edge of a tabletop, the surface of the tabletop, and the table itself, as well as abstract geometrical objects that are at least one-dimensional, such as a Platonic circle or cube. Excluded from this collection are geometrical <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s and any other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv28bxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ZeroDimensionalThing</a>s. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-KTVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExtendedSpaceRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJRrmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapedObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbIap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a>. Properly Spatially Subsumes Nontangential properlySpatiallySubsumes-Nontangential An asymmetric transitive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm-_NOL5hEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4W1ibL5wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes_Nontangential</a> SUPER SUB)</code> means that (i) the spatial extent of <code>SUB</code> properly subsumes the spatial extent of <code>SUPER</code> and (ii) <code>SUB</code> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a> from the boundary (i.e. each external surface, edge, and corner) of <code>SUPER</code>. Specializations of this predicate include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">internalParts</a> and #$nontangentialProperPartOfSpaceRegion-Inverse. An asymmetric transitive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that is a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPzQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">different</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm-_NOL5hEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes</a> SUPER SUB)</code> means that the spatial extent of <code>SUB</code> lies within, and is not the same as (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a>), the spatial extent of <code>SUPER</code>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm-_NOL5hEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk7PZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectEdges</a>. properlySpatiallySubsumes Properly Spatially Subsumes A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAStiflJREdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Semiellipse</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rJpjpoFJMEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Semicircle</a> is a half- <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>. Semicircle semicircle EquiangularPolygon equiangular thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviCcIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquiangularPolygon</a> is a polygon whose internal angles are all of equal measure. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT9uHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquilateralPolygon</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyHrCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegularPolygon</a>. right cylinder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cylinder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> (qq.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQbjwoudLEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">RightCylinder</a> is a cylinder that has a straight <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tube</a> (q.v.) as its "side" surface. In other words, its radial axis is a straight line(-segment) (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a>). Examples of right cylinders include tangible objects (such as a roll of nickels) as well as intangible right cylindrical space regions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rD_dw3OcvEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CylindricalSurface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HollowCylindricalObject</a>. RightCylinder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQfyHuOgnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PolyhedralSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rV3DKPum_EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">WedgeSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTr58ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wedge</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of five flat externally-connected polygons, two of which are (mutually-congruent) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Triangle</a>s and three of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rectangle</a>s. WedgeSurface wedge surface LineSegment portion of a line A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r0pGnmMbrEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_OneDimensional</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_kzj7sb5EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Finite</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> is a finite, continuous portion of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> (q.v.). It might be straight or curved. It might be bounded (i.e. have two endpoints), semi-bounded (one endpoint; e.g. noose-shaped), or unbounded (no endpoints; e.g. ring-shaped). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpuF1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Straight</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoMjlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineString</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRDEk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Helix</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all double helices, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCpXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DoubleHelix</a> consists of two "single" helices that turn about a common axis. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpIyn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAMolecule</a>. double helix DoubleHelix SurfaceSet set of surfaces A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet. This is the collection of all sets whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>s. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT8tQJNepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SurfaceSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>). coplanarLines A symmetric, reflexive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a>s that relates straight lines (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>) that lie in the same plane. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzZqavNk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">coplanarLines</a> LINE1 LINE2)</code> is true if and only if there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rN1T3Nlv9QdeJ7LFO9u6POw" class="cyc_term">Plane</a> that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9FMG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySubsumes</a> both <code>LINE1</code> and <code>LINE2</code>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvedEmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">coplanarPoints</a>. Coplanar Lines A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHph1GumuEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">RectangularParallelepipedSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKlYAoOmwEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CubicalSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4qT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cube</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of six <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Square</a>s that are edge-connected at right angles. CubicalSurface cubical surface set of straight lines A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet. This is the collection of all sets whose members are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSrBGkOcqEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">StraightLineSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>)</pre>. StraightLineSet A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that relates geographical points. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvws4mZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lineOfSight_PointToPoint</a> POINT1 POINT2)</code> means that <code>POINT1</code> is "in the line of sight of" <code>POINT2</code>, and vice versa. When <code>POINT1</code> and <code>POINT2</code> are different, it follows that there is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FreeSpaceRegion</a> (q.v.) that subsumes the straight line-segment whose endpoints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rk9HNMOclEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">endPointOfLineSegment</a>) are <code>POINT1</code> and <code>POINT2</code>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-DPWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lineOfSight_PointToRegion</a>. lineOfSight-PointToPoint line of sight from point to point exactlyLocatedAt-Spatial An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbsoluteLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvy6hEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">whollyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvd2U9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partiallyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8eua5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">cospatial</a> (qq.v.) that relates a spatial thing to the precise space region that it occupies. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a> OBJ LOC)</code> means that <code>OBJ</code> is exactly located at <code>LOC</code>. That is, <code>LOC</code> is the spatial extent of, or the complete and minimal space occupied by, <code>OBJ</code>. See the corresponding function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rve7qD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceOccupiedByFn</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3K54pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_SurfaceGeographical</a>. exactly located at spatial PlanarLinearObjectSet-OneDimensional A specialization of #$EquidimensionalSpaceRegionSet. This is the collection of all sets whose members are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKZNsHjdfEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PlanarLinearObject_OneDimensional</a>. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryI91njdiEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PlanarLinearObjectSet_OneDimensional</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term </code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rKZNsHjdfEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">PlanarLinearObject_OneDimensional</a>)</code>. set of one-dimensional planar linear objects spiral Spiral A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjELpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricallyDescribableThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a>. This is the collection of all spiral-shaped things, tangible or intangible. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK0hyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spiral</a> is a curved linear-object that makes one or more turns about an axis. As with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a>s generally, a spiral might be one-, two-, or three-dimensional. SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByShape</a>; a collection of collections of spatial things. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfBumZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByDimensionality</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (q.v.) whose own instances are all and only those spatial things that have a certain something in common as regards their dimensionality. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4Yj7IjVuQdeUnb1quULZig" class="cyc_term">PositiveDimensionalThing</a>. See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a>. spatial thing type by dimensionality A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviCcIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EquiangularPolygon</a>. This is the collection of all rectangles: four-sided polygons whose opposing sides are parallel and whose internal angles are all of equal measure (viz. 90 degrees). Rectangle rectangle planar thing Line-Planar A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNMte-MZcEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Planar</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbsAspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Planar</a> is a (straight or curved) intangible line that remains in a single two-dimensional plane. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>. And cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRbPm7sl4EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Line_NonPlanar</a>. spatiallyIntersects Spatially Intersects <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that the spatial extent of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> <code>THING1</code> overlaps the spatial extent of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> <code>THING2</code>. Note that spatial intersection doesn't imply that <code>THING1</code> and <code>THING2</code> have any physical parts (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a>) in common. For example, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a>, such as a shadow, can spatially intersect an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, such as a wall; in such a case, the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntangibleIndividual</a> will obviously not share any physical part with the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. sphere A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzCm-HubNQdaO7ZipW2UPxw" class="cyc_term">Spheroid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a> is a two-dimensional unbounded surface, embedded in a three-dimensional space, and such that each point on it is equidistant from some given point. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3iex1N9UEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SphericalSolid</a>, each instance of which is an (intangible or tangible) three-dimensional object whose boundary is or approximates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a>. Sphere Spatially Separated spatiallySeparated An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm22zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyDisjoint</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzrInJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallySeparated</a> REGION1 REGION2)</code> means that <code>REGION1</code> and <code>REGION2</code> do not share a spatial part (and thus are disjoint) and do not touch (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">touches</a>). helix A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU-SlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeometricShapeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK0hyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spiral</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all helices, tangible or abstract. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRDEk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Helix</a> is a spiral (i.e. a curved <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6A7z1B5sQdedAK6n_bYxDg" class="cyc_term">LinearObject</a> that makes one or more turns about an axis) such that each turn about the axis is the same size, and the successive turns "proceed" linearly in the general direction parallel to the axis. Thus, a helix can fit on the surface of a cylinder having that same axis. Examples of helices include some wire springs and the frieze on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUV2NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrajansColumn</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCpXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DoubleHelix</a>. Helix A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbIap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a>. A spatial thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rC1k_6q00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalThing</a> if and only if it is two-dimensional. Examples include surfaces of tangible objects (such as a flat 2-D surface of a tabletop), planar space regions, and abstract 2-D objects. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalGeometricThing</a>. two dimensional thing TwoDimensionalThing A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and specialization of #$disconnectedSpaceRegions (q.v.) that holds between straight lines (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a>) that do not lie in a common plane. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rkVr2At0hEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">skewLines</a> LINE1 LINE2)</code> holds if and only if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">not</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzZqavNk7EdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">coplanarLines</a> LINE1 LINE2))</code> holds. skewLines Skew Lines Heptagon heptagon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTiY35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolygonTypeByNumberOfSides</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all seven-sided polygons. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZFRl6N9NEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">EllipsoidalSolid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3iex1N9UEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SphericalSolid</a> is a (tangible or intangible) three-dimensional object whose boundary is or approximates an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDAn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sphere</a> (q.v.) Examples of spherical solids include tangible objects such as billiard balls, as well as intangible solid-sphere-shaped <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlxdi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceRegion</a>s. sphere SphericalSolid A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcTGCWOdWEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD6uDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Unbounded</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCF6xbM1pEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Finite</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rcrKOqkGYEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithBase</a> is the entire two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a finite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a> (q.v.). It is the unbounded sum of a finite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYHkUMkGaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ConicalSurface_WithoutBase</a> (cf.) and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CircularRegion</a> (i.e. the base). ConicalSurface-WithBase conical surface with a base occupiesMostOf Occupies Most Of A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOgtHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">occupiesMostOf</a> THING1 THING2)</code> means that <code>THING1</code> spatially occupies most (over 50 percent) or all of the space occupied by <code>THING2</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDn-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">exactlyLocatedAt_Spatial</a>). They must overlap. To state the fraction of <code>THING2</code> that <code>THING1</code> occupies, use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKdF-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">occupiesFraction</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfvb3StepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">LineStringSet</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all sets whose members are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpuF1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Straight</a>. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6T3wxt0nEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">StraightLineSegmentSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpuF1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment_Straight</a>). StraightLineSegmentSet set of line segments A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r31jQ-siZEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SimplyConnectedThing</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtjhbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polyhedron</a> is a 3-D, simply-connected, geometrically-describable object whose entire surface (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQfyHuOgnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PolyhedralSurface</a>) is a finite, unbounded <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZWBA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion</a> that is the spatial sum of several (i.e. four or more) polygons (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Polygon</a>). Polyhedron 3d polygon A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rotfKFq0wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SpatialThingTypeByNumberOfDimensions</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbIap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolyDimensionalThing</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1jUXeq00EdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalThing</a> is a three-dimensional spatial thing. Examples include spatially-localized objects (such as buildings and people), 3-D pure space regions, and abstract 3-D geometric objects. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmaaAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpaceChunk</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalGeometricThing</a>. three dimensional thing ThreeDimensionalThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rMM_BANepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">HomogeneousSpaceRegionSet</a> (q.v.). This is the collection of all sets whose members are either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a>s, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a>s. The CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rPir83tepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">OpenGISGeometryCompositeBaseSet</a></code> is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> the term <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUe0s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOfTypeFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKUKtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Point</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpeTbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LineSegment</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvg1ZeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surface</a>))) . </pre> It was introduced in order to simplify the definition of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rRRuPDtepEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">OpenGISGeometryComposite</a> (q.v.). OpenGISGeometryCompositeBaseSet set of the union of { space surfaces, portions of a line, points in space } An asymmetric <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMfM5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RelativeLocationalPredicate</a> that is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rm-_NOL5hEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes</a> (q.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4W1ibL5wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes_Nontangential</a> SUPER SUB)</code> means that (i) the spatial extent of <code>SUB</code> properly subsumes the spatial extent of <code>SUPER</code> and (ii) <code>SUB</code> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">spatiallyIntersects</a> the boundary (i.e. intersects some external surface, edge, or corner) of <code>SUPER</code>. Specializations of this predicate include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">externalParts</a> and #$tangentialProperPartOfSpaceRegion-Inverse. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4W1ibL5wEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">properlySpatiallySubsumes_Nontangential</a>. properlySpatiallySubsumes-Tangential Properly Spatially Subsumes Tangential Line-Straight A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwK-dWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinearObject_Straight</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Line_Straight</a> is an endless straight line. Examples include spatially localized objects as well as abstract lines. straight line screw shaped thing An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPRuxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThreeDimensionalShapeType</a>. This is the collection of all screw-shaped objects, whether spatially-localized or abstract. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBVk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScrewShapedObject</a> is roughly cylindrical or conical in shape, but has an external spiral "thread" starting at one end and running along most or all of its length. A screw-shaped oject typically has a solid central axis. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViKRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Screw_Connector</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrillBit</a>. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Corkscrew</a>s are usually not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBVk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScrewShapedObject</a>s, but are instead instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRDEk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Helix</a>. ScrewShapedObject ParallelepipedSurface parallelepiped surface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQfyHuOgnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PolyhedralSurface</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r5SIsCujzEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">ParallelepipedSurface</a> is the two-dimensional, non-planar, unbounded surface of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzFfAWlQWQdeD1q0iNpVklw" class="cyc_term">Parallelepiped</a> (q.v.); it is the spatial sum of six externally-connected <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva60M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Parallelogram</a>s. class of concepts belonging to a shared domain ConceptTypeByDomain Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a> is a collection, all of whose elements can be considered concepts which belong to some domain of knowledge. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWJzeaOKhEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">FamilyRelationsConcept</a> is the collection that includes predicates, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblings</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">children</a>, collections, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FamilyCohabitationUnit</a>, and potentially other concepts that are part of the domain of family relationships. It is important to note that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a> are not quoted collections -- i.e., their elements are not the _terms_ used to represent the concepts, but instead are the concepts themselves. thing Thing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is the "universal collection": the collection which, by definition, contains everything there is. Every thing in the Cyc ontology -- every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (of any kind), every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvl2en5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Set_Mathematical</a>, and every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> -- is an instance of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Similarly, every collection is a subcollection of (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genls</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. Trivially, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> is both an instance of and a subcollection of itself, and is not a subcollection of any other collection. (Note that the above reference to "every thing in the Cyc ontology" is not meant to be limited to things actually reified in the Cyc system, but includes (e.g.) every instance -- reified or not, known or not -- of every collection recognized by Cyc.) Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString mereotopology concept MereotopologyConcept Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rixW2aOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">MereotopologyConcept</a> are concepts which are included in the domain of mereotopology; therefore, parts, boundaries and the topological relationships among them would be instances of this collection. mereotopology concept MereotopologyConcept Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rixW2aOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">MereotopologyConcept</a> are concepts which are included in the domain of mereotopology; therefore, parts, boundaries and the topological relationships among them would be instances of this collection. mereotopology concept MereotopologyConcept Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rixW2aOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">MereotopologyConcept</a> are concepts which are included in the domain of mereotopology; therefore, parts, boundaries and the topological relationships among them would be instances of this collection.