]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of Nobel prize by field NobelPrizeTypeByField A collection of types of Nobel prize. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a> whose instances are all awarded in the same field. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuz5L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForPhysics</a> is an instance of NobelPrizeTypeByField -- each of its instances is awarded for excellence in physics. types of Nobel prize by field NobelPeacePrize Nobel Peace prize The collection of all Nobel Peace prizes. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_9swpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPeacePrize</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. The collection of all Nobel prizes for literature. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYmlHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForLiterature</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. nobel prize for literature NobelPrizeForLiterature Nobel prize for physics The collection of all Nobel prizes for physics. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuz5L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForPhysics</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. NobelPrizeForPhysics NobelPrizeForEconomics nobel prize for economics A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuBsCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForEconomics</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. NobelPrizeForMedicine Nobel Prize for Medicine The collection of all Nobel Prizes for Medicine. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxnJhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForMedicine</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. The collection of all the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIl9g5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForChemistry</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a>. NobelPrizeForChemistry the Nobel Prize for Chemistry type of Nobel prize by field NobelPrizeTypeByField A collection of types of Nobel prize. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a> whose instances are all awarded in the same field. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuz5L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForPhysics</a> is an instance of NobelPrizeTypeByField -- each of its instances is awarded for excellence in physics. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection DisjointCollectionType A collection of collections of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.). A disjoint collection type is such that its instances are collections that are all disjoint from one another. That is, each instance <code><b>DISCOLTYPE</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection whose instances are mutually disjoint collections: no two instances of <code><b>DISCOLTYPE</b></code> have any instances in common. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKJAl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeamTypeBySport</a>. disjoint classification scheme Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> is a collection-type that &quot;facets&quot; -- i.e. stands in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> (q.v.) relation to -- another collection. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AutomobileTypeByBrand</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rANFO8Ec-EdaEKABQ2sS97g" class="cyc_term">MusicTypeByGenre</a>, which facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a>, respectively. faceting collection type FacetingCollectionType type of Nobel prize by field NobelPrizeTypeByField A collection of types of Nobel prize. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4roG_WbHKPEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeTypeByField</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrize</a> whose instances are all awarded in the same field. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuz5L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NobelPrizeForPhysics</a> is an instance of NobelPrizeTypeByField -- each of its instances is awarded for excellence in physics. FacetInstanceCollection facet collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1fLiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetInstanceCollection</a> is a collection that is an instance of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a> (q.v.). For example, the facet-instance-collection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBVDJsPLMQdiZD5jLVkyKUw" class="cyc_term">WineOfVintageFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 1926)) is an instance of the faceting-collection-type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rWdpZhPLLQdiKEtsuZMndzQ" class="cyc_term">WineTypeByVintage</a>.