]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. DARPA Technical office DARPATechnicalOffice DARPA Technical offices DARPAInformationExploitationOffice DARPA Information Exploitation Office DARPADefenseSciencesOffice DARPA Defense Sciences Office DARPAAdvancedTechnologyOffice DARPA Advanced Technology Office DARPA Infromation Processing Technology Office DARPAInformationProcessingTechnologyOffice DARPAInformationAwarenessOffice DARPA Information Awareness Office DARPA Technical office DARPATechnicalOffice Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object NonProfitOrganization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a> is an organization that is not operated with the purpose of making a profit. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a> have members, rather than owners. Charities, clubs, schools, political action groups, political parties and churches are usually instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a>s are often exempt from certain taxes in particular jurisdictions. Specific examples of elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKMflpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RedCrossSociety_National</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBxlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RomanCatholicChurch</a>. non-profit organization organization of people A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkr6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfPeopleOnly</a> is an organization each of whose members (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViz-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">hasMembers</a>) is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkr6f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfPeopleOnly</a> include a human nuclear family, a carpool, or a sports team. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedNationsOrganization</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationOfAmericanStates</a>. OrganizationOfPeopleOnly NationalOrganization national organization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3ld5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> whose scope of operations and ownership or membership is primarily confined to a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Country</a> (but to no smaller subdivision within that country - see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv744_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StateOrProvinceWideOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalOrganization</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3ld5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalOrganization</a> are the Daughters of the American Revolution and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in the United States, and the Red Guards and the Young Pioneers in China (PROC). The collection of all US Federal government research organizations. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT6kWuphbQdeBDv60qmDE-A" class="cyc_term">GovernmentResearchOrganization</a>. US Federal government research organization USFederalGovernmentResearchOrganization The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s that are primarily or significantly engaged in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvwQLD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TechnologyIndustry</a> or whose activities focus on that industry. Examples of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZznmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TechnologyOrganization</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhx2A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetServiceProvider</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerRepairShop</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AIResearchDepartment</a>. Both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cycorp</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZznmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TechnologyOrganization</a>s. technology organization TechnologyOrganization GovernmentalOrganization governmental organization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> is an organization that is governmental, either departments of one particular government (e.g., the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviTbqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalCommunicationsCommission</a>) or confederations or cooperative groups consisting of different governments or representatives from a number of different governments (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OPEC</a>). Because instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> cannot properly be said to have owners (rather, they have members), they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and, hence, the two collections, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3HKmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentalOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, are disjoint. DARPA Technical office DARPATechnicalOffice