]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvawguZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> are types of bacterium that could potentially be used as biological agents in biological warfare. BacterialBioAgentType bacterial biological agent type bacterial biological agent types types of bacterial biological agents type of bacterial biological agents Shigella-Dysenteriae The bacterium that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHiUQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shigellosis</a>. Shigella dysenteriae SalmonellaTyphi-Species Salmonella typhi A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> responsible for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TyphoidFever</a>. Plague-Bacterium An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyj7xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgent</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdNtxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plague_Bacterium</a> is a species (Yersinia pestis) of bacterium (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>) that causes bubonic plague (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnCbwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BubonicPlague</a>. plague bacterium Borrelia recurrentis BorreliaRecurrentis-Species A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a> leads to attacks of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQw2MpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fever</a>. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> found in wood ticks. In order to be infectious, the tick must be engorged with blood. Thus, there is a 45 to 90 minute delay between attachment and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>. This <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> is confined to the Western Hemisphere. Rickettsia ricketsii RickettsiaRicketsii A #$BiologicalAgent, which can cause gangrene Clostridium perfringens ClostridiumPerfringens A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVian5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalGenus</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s are rods, nonmotile without flagella. They are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHwrKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerobicBacterium</a>. They use glutamate as their main energy source in respiration. Glucose is not used. These are small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that are transmitted to humans by arthropods and cause various types of diseases, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhxtZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TyphusFeverGroup</a>. Some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> are transmitted transovarially in the arthropod, which serves as a vector and reservoir. Rickettsia Rickettsia Yersinia-Pseudotuberculosis yersinia The bacterium that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRFJmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Yersiniosis</a>. Campylobacter Campylobacter Campylobacter is a bacteria that is often found in the intestinal tracts of animals. It is responsible for diarrheal disease and is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritus. Pseudomonas pseudomallei PseudomonasPseudomallei The bacterium that causes Melioidosis (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvX9b9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Melioidosis_Infection</a>). Rickettsia prowsecki RickettsiaProwsecki A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> that has a life cycle limited to humans and the human louse. These ProkaryoticCells are responible for the #$Typhus-Infection. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpwe9oHBAQdeUg_G1ZSG-EQ" class="cyc_term">Tetanus_Bacterium</a> is a bacteria that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1eupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tetanus</a>. Tetanus-Bacterium Tetanus Anthrax-Bacterium A collection. Each instance is a sample of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> Bacillus anthracis which is responsible for a usually fatal hemorrhagic disease of wild and domesticated livestock, especially cattle and sheep. Humans may become infected with Anthrax via contamination of a wound or by inhaling the organism. Anthrax infections in humans are often fatal if not treated early. Anthrax EscherichiaColi E. coli A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyj7xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgent</a>. This type of bacteria is ubiquitously found in lower digestive tracts and in feces. There are thousands of strains of E. coli. Particular strains found in beef cattle have been responsible for several well-publicized recent outbreaks of food poisoning. Corynebacterium diphtheriae The Bacterium that causes Diphtheria. CorynebacteriumDiphtheriae PseudomonasMallei An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJzoVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PseudomonasMallei</a> is a type of bacterium that causes Glanders (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwABImZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glanders_Infection</a>). Pseudomonas mallei Tularemia-Bacterium The subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> instances of which causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD_975wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tularemia</a> (q.v.). Tularemia LegionellaPneumophila The bacterium that causes Legionnaire's Disease (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJW4p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegionnairesDisease</a>) also known as legionellosis. Legionella pneumophila A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Each instance is a portion of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> Brucella, which is responsible for the disease <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRlw2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brucellosis</a>. Brucella BrucellaBacterium Chlamydia psittaci ChlamydiaPsittaci The bacterium that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqoRpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Psittacosis</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvawguZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> are types of bacterium that could potentially be used as biological agents in biological warfare. BacterialBioAgentType bacterial biological agent type The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection DisjointCollectionType A collection of collections of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.). A disjoint collection type is such that its instances are collections that are all disjoint from one another. That is, each instance <code>DISCOLTYPE</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> is a collection whose instances are mutually disjoint collections: no two instances of <code>DISCOLTYPE</code> have any instances in common. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKJAl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeamTypeBySport</a>. disjoint classification scheme Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object biological agent A collection of collections. Each instance is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGtlLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentStuff</a> instances of a common type. (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0JyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EbolaVirus</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a>) BiologicalAgentType <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvawguZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> are types of bacterium that could potentially be used as biological agents in biological warfare. BacterialBioAgentType bacterial biological agent type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvawguZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalAgentType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ruio4Wmw0QdeFpuPnMYoplw" class="cyc_term">BacterialBioAgentType</a> are types of bacterium that could potentially be used as biological agents in biological warfare. BacterialBioAgentType bacterial biological agent type