]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. amphoteric substance A specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> that are instances of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a>. AmphotericSubstanceType amphoteric substances (ChemicalSubstanceFn HydrogenPhosphateIon) The collection of samples of HPO4(-2). Instances can act as a weak acid and a weak base. HPO4(2-) The collection of samples of HCO3-. Instances can act as a moderately weak acid and as a moderately weak base. (ChemicalSubstanceFn HydrogenCarbonateIon) HCO3(-) HSO4(-) (ChemicalSubstanceFn BisulfateIon) HS(-) The collection of samples of hydrogen sulfide ions (HS-). (ChemicalSubstanceFn HydrogenSulfideIon) The collection of samples of H2PO4-; the ion that is the result of a phosphoric acid atom giving up a hydrogen proton. Instances of this collection can act as a moderately weak acid and moderately weak base . (ChemicalSubstanceFn DihydrogenPhosphateIon) H2PO4(-) Water An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> is one piece of some (pure or impure) portion of the chemical compound H2O. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> may be in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9HJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">stateOfMatter</a>); they may be salty or not, drinkable or not. Examples include portions of the ocean, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVii7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayOfBiscay</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjtDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BayOfBengal</a> (see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkFGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeaWater</a>); bodies of fresh water, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjySZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NiagaraFalls</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViO_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GangesRiver</a>; quantities of chlorinated water (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD7FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoolWater</a>); and the contents of bottles of tonic water (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0cpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeltzerWater</a>). Any portion of liquid that consists mostly of water but differs from it in one or more important properties (as does e.g. urine, coffee, and lemonade) is not itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>, but has an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> as its main constituent (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">mainConstituent</a>). For the specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> whose instances are pure, see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuxrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PureFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>). water The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection amphoteric substance A specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> that are instances of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a>. AmphotericSubstanceType member of { Lewis acids, Lewis bases } (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet AcidType-Lewis BaseType-Lewis)) Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString AcidType-Lewis An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair acceptors. Lewis acid <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a> is a type of substance whose instances are electron-pair donors. Lewis base BaseType-Lewis amphoteric substance A specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> that are instances of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a>. AmphotericSubstanceType amphoteric substance A specification of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> that are instances of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1ZX-WvNRQdaHcIBm7fM5hA" class="cyc_term">AcidType_Lewis</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r26JQoPNRQdaGmruzRi4N9Q" class="cyc_term">BaseType_Lewis</a>. AmphotericSubstanceType