]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. performing art The collection of activities that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do. Its subsets include things like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing_Human</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. PerformingArtActivity performing arts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts singing The collection of acts of producing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> sounds with the human vocal cords. Singing-Human dancing by humans A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing</a>. Each instance of this collection is a dance performed by a human. Such events might occur during a recreational event (such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9sCEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dance_Party</a>), or a professional dancer's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. Dancing-Human dramatic acting DramaticActing This is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself as part of a dramatic performance - either for film or television, or in a live theater production. It is thus distinguished from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpwYrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading</a>, which is also a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Acting</a>.--Huffer, Dec 2, 1998 PlayingAMusicalInstrument playing The set of events in which a single person uses a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV0FMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deviceUsed</a> to produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> (or at least an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudibleSound</a>). Thus an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orchestra</a> playing is not an instance of this. But the first violinist's playing, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the whole orchestra's playing is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>. Two people playing a piano duet is a music making event which has two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>. Note: see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY_YBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InstrumentPlayingFn</a> which is used to denote e.g. the collection of all tuba playing events as (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY_YBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InstrumentPlayingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPR01ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tuba</a>) MusicalConducting A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalConductor</a> conducts a group of musicians. conducting performing art The collection of activities that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do. Its subsets include things like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing_Human</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. PerformingArtActivity InformationBearingThing information-bearing thing A collection of spatially-localized individuals, including various actions and events as well as physical objects. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (or &quot;IBT&quot;) is an item that contains information (for an agent who knows how to interpret it). Examples: a copy of the novel <i>Moby Dick</i>; a signal buoy; a photograph; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; a musical score; copies of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjbE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycProgram</a>. <p/> For representations of the propositional content of information bearing things, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalInformationThing</a>; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>). An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, which comprises all of those IBTs that are also physical objects (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s). Though often a subtle task in particular contexts, it is important to distinguish the various specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> (whose instances are the chunks of information instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8RaTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfAIT</a>) and from those of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> (whose instances are the conceptual or artistic creations that are instantiated in particular IBTs; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYyDjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>). <p/> For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv65Pt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextString</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSZiGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualPCW</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>; to conflate any of these with another would be to make a &quot;category error&quot;. Also note that events in which information is transferred (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>) are not considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Rather, such transfer events have as one of their participants (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>; though in cases where IBTs are themselves events this will require distinguishing very finely between the event that encodes the information and the event that is the information transfer. See also the sense-modality-based specializations, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjIvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoundInformationBearingThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. performing art The collection of activities that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do. Its subsets include things like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing_Human</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. PerformingArtActivity Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm performing art The collection of activities that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do. Its subsets include things like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing_Human</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. PerformingArtActivity performing art The collection of activities that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do. Its subsets include things like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rinJNPlxsEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">Singing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dancing_Human</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>, etc. What is being captured in this collection are the actions that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Performer</a>s do, both in preparation for and during a performance. For the collection of performace events, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EntertainmentPerformance</a>. PerformingArtActivity cultural activity The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwThwJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CulturalThing</a>s that are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>s. CulturalActivity purposeful composite physical and mental activity The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>s that are performed purposively (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>). This collection is the collection-intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>. Since each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> is also an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent</a>, each instance has both a mental and a physical component. Driving a car would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> since it involves mental and physical functioning on the part of the performing agent and is done purposively. Crashing a car, conversely, would not normally be an instance (unless the driver purposefully caused the crash). PurposefulPhysicalAction learned activity LearnedActivityType This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed--i.e., before any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> can be played.