]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortion extorts has extorted extort extorting extorted will extort had extorted will have extorted have extorted The collection of activities in which one agent extorts another by threatening to reveal information that would harm the victim. blackmail Blackmail The collection of activities in which one agent extracts payment from another agent ostensibly for the first agent providing 'protection' services to the second. In protection rackets, there is usually no real threat that the victim needs protecting from, except the racketeer himself. The victim pays the racketeer because he knows that if he doesn't, the racketeer will arrange for some harmful action to occur to the victim's person, family, business, etc. protection racketeering ProtectionRacketeering act commonly considered criminal ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryIOUhqKeQdiRffIfC9Y1mA" class="cyc_term">ActTypeCommonlyConsideredCriminal</a> is an action type (i.e. a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) that many legal systems regard as a type of criminal act. Notable instances of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stealing</a>. Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type CriminalAct criminal act A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> is a relatively serious <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnndOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. This excludes relatively minor infractions such as (in most legal systems) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rNxXZrF29QdmXa7u9gKY-CA" class="cyc_term">Jaywalking</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTnASCC8oQdiGK8gwuHwqSg" class="cyc_term">Littering</a>. Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. Extortion extortion A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU8hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoercingAnAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a>, an agent extracts some kind of payment from another by threatening harm to the latter. The payment extracted is usually a sum of money, though it might be some other kind of object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rusnrbLA5QdiNNdXj8EYjCw" class="cyc_term">objectExtorted</a>), or it might be in the form of an action performed by the victim. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3W2hZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Extortion</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJvJepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Blackmail</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCwmdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtectionRacketeering</a>. HostileSocialAction hostile action A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialOccurrence</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HostileSocialAction</a> is a hostile or pugnacious event, adverse to some agent(s), in which multiple agents, at least one of whom is acting deliberately, take part. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalDispute</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ret7qgOKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">ConceptTypeByDomain</a>. Generally speaking, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r46fYpnaNEduAAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">Analyst_PertinentConcept</a> are concepts and relations such as are used by intelligence analysts reasoning about threat situations. Specifically, all core concepts in this domain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgycE6OKgEdmAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">coreConceptOfDomain</a>) are either 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 3:)<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 4) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, 5) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s that are asserted to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyTLHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argGenl</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TernaryPredicate</a>s referenced in AKB Fact Entry Templates, or 6) concepts or relations that are instances of instances of #$TKBInterfaceCollection. Analyst-PertinentConcept the intelligence analyst reasoning domain A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>s; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwG1h15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfluencingAnAgent</a>. A paradigm example of coercion is influencing an agent's behavior through a successful (implicit or explicit) threat. CoercingAnAgent dragooning