]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. This is the collection of team sports. A team sport is one that is usually engaged in by teams rather than individuals. Obvious examples would include such sports as football and basketball, which cannot be played except by teams. A less obvious example would be gymnastics, wrestling, and swimming. In these sports, athletes can compete on an individual basis, without being part of a team. Indeed, there is typically not group-versus-group competition in the way there is in football. The group aspect comes in in virtue of cumulative scores from multiple events in which individual members from the teams perform. team sport TeamSport team sports The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a> of field hockey. field hockey FieldHockey volleyball The game [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>] of volleyball. Volleyball Racquetball-TheGame racquetball Hockey hockey The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> of hockey, generically defined. Specializations of this game include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceHockey</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbj-Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FieldHockey</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOdwKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RollerHockey</a>. basketball Basketball-TheGame the collection of all complete games of basketball. For the game of basketball itself, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basketball_TheGame</a>. For playing basketball (versus complete games of basketball), see (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basketball_TheGame</a>). Soccer The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a> of soccer, known outside the U.S. as Football. soccer rugby Rugby: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv49vb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeamSport</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfhDqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoTeamGame</a>. Rugby Canadian football Football-Canadian Lacrosse lacrosse Lacrosse: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv49vb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeamSport</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>. Lacrosse is played by two teams who pass around a small ball with long netted sticks, and attempt to place the ball in a goal. football Football-American American football (known in the U.S. as "football"): a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv49vb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TeamSport</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfhDqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoTeamGame</a>. American football is a popular competetive contact sport. A game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who use long-handled rackets to hit a small rubber ball against the four walls of the court. squash Squash-TheGame the game of baseball Baseball-TheGame Australian rules football Football-Australian WaterPolo water polo Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object sport Sport The collection of all sports considered as abstract activities. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsEvent</a> for events of engaging whole units of such sports and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgH-XZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AthleticActivity</a> for activity of the type engaged in while performing sports. Sports which are also games, are members of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwU_WO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsGame</a>. The activity of participating in SPORT is an instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingFn</a> SPORT). team sport This is the collection of team sports. A team sport is one that is usually engaged in by teams rather than individuals. Obvious examples would include such sports as football and basketball, which cannot be played except by teams. A less obvious example would be gymnastics, wrestling, and swimming. In these sports, athletes can compete on an individual basis, without being part of a team. Indeed, there is typically not group-versus-group competition in the way there is in football. The group aspect comes in in virtue of cumulative scores from multiple events in which individual members from the teams perform. TeamSport team sport This is the collection of team sports. A team sport is one that is usually engaged in by teams rather than individuals. Obvious examples would include such sports as football and basketball, which cannot be played except by teams. A less obvious example would be gymnastics, wrestling, and swimming. In these sports, athletes can compete on an individual basis, without being part of a team. Indeed, there is typically not group-versus-group competition in the way there is in football. The group aspect comes in in virtue of cumulative scores from multiple events in which individual members from the teams perform. TeamSport team sport This is the collection of team sports. A team sport is one that is usually engaged in by teams rather than individuals. Obvious examples would include such sports as football and basketball, which cannot be played except by teams. A less obvious example would be gymnastics, wrestling, and swimming. In these sports, athletes can compete on an individual basis, without being part of a team. Indeed, there is typically not group-versus-group competition in the way there is in football. The group aspect comes in in virtue of cumulative scores from multiple events in which individual members from the teams perform. TeamSport