]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of punctual event PunctualEventType A collection of collections of events. If PUNCT is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>, then each instance of PUNCT is temporally `unextended', i.e., its occurrence bisects an imaginary timeline in a `before' and an `after' segment without residue. More precisely, we'll say that EVT is an instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> iff its starting point and its ending point coincide, i.e., if its temporal extent is `point-like' up to a reasonable time granularity scale. types of punctual event convincing Convincing-CommunicationAct A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. Each instance of this collection is an act of causing someone to believe or do something by intentional communication. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVmr65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersuadingToAct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuifHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DissuadingFromAction</a>. complementary base pairing error <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhYViJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComplementaryBasePairingError</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVqxapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BasePairing</a> events in which there is an error in base-pairing. Normally, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a>s that are paired in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVqxapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BasePairing</a> are complementary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2eak5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">complementaryBases</a>). However, although it occurs infrequently, it is chemically possible for two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a>s that are not complementary to become paired. When this happens, biologists regard it as a base pairing error. ComplementaryBasePairingError An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> are (a) the organism killed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>; and (b) the killing violates some law. Murder murder completing an action CompletingAnAction A first-order collection and a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCB4C7rAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">EndingASituation</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCYebuLAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">CompletingAnAction</a> represents a generic form of intentionally finishing or completing with the added content that the event being completed is successful. Thus, its specializations cover events that mark the successful completion of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. computer crashing ComputerCrashing An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rzJQyqGkeEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivityType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChangingDeviceState</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSCjMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PerformanceDegradation_Computer</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>, often unexpectedly, loses its ability to function properly. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a> does not include events in which a computer shuts down by following a program provided for the purpose of carefully shutting it down. A user may, however, intentionally crash a computer system. Often an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCrashing</a> will have multiple instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rywKbCOX9QdaPsb4-z5qOsw" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessCrashing</a> as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>. CastingAFishingLine casting a fishing line The collection of events in which someone throws a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpBXKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fishhook</a> attached to the end of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Q7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FishingLine</a> into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. The other end of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1Q7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FishingLine</a> is ordinarily attached to a <font color="#ff0000">#$Reel</font> on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FishingPole</a>. Instances include only the event where the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpBXKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fishhook</a> is cast out, not those where it is reeled in. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViacJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fishing</a>. The collection of events in which a physical object is found (located, discovered, etc.). FindingAPhysicalObject finding an object The collection of events in which one animal (prototypically, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>) gives birth to another. The mother is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">birthParent</a> and the child is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1o5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">birthChild</a>. Both are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>; the mother goes from being pregnant to not pregnant (therefore a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BirthEvent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1R0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PregnancyEndingEvent</a>), while the child changes from being inside the mother and relying on the mother for nutritional, respiratory, and excretory needs (called in CYC the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> life stage, although different English terms apply to different stages of in utero development in mammals and not all of these terms apply to live-born <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>) to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwgqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JuvenileAnimal</a> life stage (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZOlyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalStageOfDevelopment</a>). birth BirthEvent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVqxapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BasePairing</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv3VKAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenBonding</a> events in which two instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a>s become chemically bonded to each other via hydrogen bonds. Normally, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a>s that are paired are complementary (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2eak5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">complementaryBases</a>). However, although it occurs infrequently, it is chemically possible for two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a>s that are not complementary to become paired. This collection includes all base pairing events, including base pairing error events. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnte4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComplementaryBasePairing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhYViJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComplementaryBasePairingError</a>. base pairing BasePairing The act of achieving something. In general, this collection can be used to describe (in a generic way) events in which result in the achievement of some situation (e.g. a goal state or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>). AchievingSomething achieving something Collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRtzE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalBonding</a> events in which instances of any of the five specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1nir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NitrogenBase</a> become paired with their respective complementary bases. ComplementaryBasePairing complementary base pairing affiliating OrganizationalTransferIn A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv53bUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransfer</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJp9kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransferIn</a>, an agent (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>) gains membership in some organization. Note that the agent may also, but need not, lose membership in some other organization. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJp9kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransferIn</a> would include hiring someone at a company or admitting a nation to NATO. Note that any event in which an agent leaves one organization to join another would be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJp9kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransferIn</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLThAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationalTransferOut</a> (q.v.). arrest ArrestingSomeone The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rbB4BkCDNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">TakingAPersonPrisoner</a> which constitute legally sanctioned arrests by law enforcement officers. Inventing something. inventing InventingSomething SendingAnInvitation-AutomaticallyGenerated The collection of events in which an invitation to attend a social event is automatically generated -- e.g., from a list of invitees in someone's computer. automatically generated invitation A first-order collection and sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCB4C7rAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">EndingASituation</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCKcX5rAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">AbandoningASituation</a> represents a generic form of intentionally stopping a subsuming <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> from holding with the implication that the goals or purposes of that larger <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> were not realized. For instance, consider a person who is digging a well and decides to stop that process and perform some other action. The action that constitutes stopping the digging would be an instance of this collection. abandoning A situation AbandoningASituation death Dying A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a> is an event in which a living organism (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a> (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeadAnimal</a>). Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV_GH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyDoer</a> (q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-X8snMEGEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">organismKilled</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> event (which will have some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a> event among its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>), and cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodilyActedOn</a>. serving a warrant ServeWarrant The collection of actions in which an agent of the court serves any kind of warrant [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvb_pYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Warrant_Writ</a>] upon a legal person [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>]. Piercing A forming process where a smooth hole is formed without removing any material from the original object. piercing SprainingSomething sprain Twisting or stretching a joint so that a ligament tears or separates from bone. body piercing BodyPartPiercing The collection of all events of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Piercing</a> an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzBHPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnatomicalPart</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> so that an item of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Jewelry</a> can be inserted through the resulting hole. The collection of all ear-piercing events would be a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtWjbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyPartPiercing</a>. TrapTrippingEvent tripping The action in which a trap is activated. It may be activated by a human operator, by the actions of an animal, or accidentally by other natural forces. Often a trap tripping results in the capture of an animal, but not necessarily. ending A situation EndingASituation A first-order collection and a sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCB4C7rAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">EndingASituation</a> represents a generic type of event in which an agent somehow ends another, larger <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. There is no implied success or failure associated with instances of this class. Those distinctions are made in its sub-collecitons: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCKcX5rAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">AbandoningASituation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rCYebuLAwEdmAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">CompletingAnAction</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDestructionEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZUIfvvHEQdaRB6WbSoNa2w" class="cyc_term">DyingOfBLO</a> is an event of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>'s dying. For the more specific collection of deaths of whole organisms, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgt3J9vHOQdaato4vJljDZw" class="cyc_term">deathOf</a>. dying of BLO DyingOfBLO manually produced invitation SendingAnInvitation-ManuallyProduced The collection of events in which an invitation to attend a social event is produced directly by a human agent -- e.g., by writing a note or making a phone call. The process of seed germination after the embryo begins to grow. SeedGerminationEvent germinating The collection of events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> goes from the state of being asleep to being in a waking state. WakingUpFromSleep rousing The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection type of punctual event PunctualEventType A collection of collections of events. If PUNCT is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>, then each instance of PUNCT is temporally `unextended', i.e., its occurrence bisects an imaginary timeline in a `before' and an `after' segment without residue. More precisely, we'll say that EVT is an instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> iff its starting point and its ending point coincide, i.e., if its temporal extent is `point-like' up to a reasonable time granularity scale. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is not itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>. More precisely, a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <i>not</i> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is <i>not</i> a temporal-object-type. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. TemporalObjectType temporal object type Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of punctual event PunctualEventType A collection of collections of events. If PUNCT is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>, then each instance of PUNCT is temporally `unextended', i.e., its occurrence bisects an imaginary timeline in a `before' and an `after' segment without residue. More precisely, we'll say that EVT is an instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> iff its starting point and its ending point coincide, i.e., if its temporal extent is `point-like' up to a reasonable time granularity scale.