]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. type of cumulative event A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (<font color="#ff0000">#$EventSumFn</font> PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType types of cumulative event IterativeEventType The class of all event types whose instances typically consist of the repetition of some basic 'iterated event unit'. E.g., Dripping, Bouncing, TickingOfClock. type of iterative event standing StandingStill A collection of events. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StandingStill</a> is an event in which the `doer' supports its own weight by standing on at least one leg. Also, they must be standing in place, rather than running, running in place, etc. They must also be balancing themselves, although they might be holding onto something to facilitate that. A borderline case of this: an astronaut in zero-gravity who appears to be standing still. The trouble with allowing that is that it will violate many of the axioms about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StandingStill</a> -- the trouble with excluding it, though, is that one would have to duplicately state all the other axioms about <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StandingStill</a>. Note: in a case like that, it might be best to divide this concept into two, to introduce a new term such as HoldingStill, and to distinguish the case of HoldingStill (in whatever posture, gravity, etc.) from Standing (supporting one's weight, balancing, etc.). reducing a slope ReducingASlope WritingByHand handwriting Writing is the formation of characters or symbols on a suitable surface for transmitting information. VegetableTranspiration The collection of all processes of transpiration in multicellular plant life growing on the surface of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>, wherein water is drawn through the vegetable tissues by evaporative perfusion, eventually escaping to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheEarthsAtmosphere</a> as water vapor. vegetable transpiration distribution DistributionEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcFjVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferOut</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DistributionEvent</a> is an event in which tangible objects are distributed from a source to various destinations via some distribution network. The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ImprovementEvent</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvri885wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectImproved</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. improving A conceptual work ImprovingAConceptualWork WritingWithAPen writing with A pen A collection of events; a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr582pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingAWave</a>. Each instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7k2PpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaveEmissionFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisibleLight</a>) is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisibleLight</a> is emitted from some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_iFl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">waveSource</a>. Examples: the burning of a candle; the shining of a light bulb; a firefly's glowing. Almost every instance of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7k2PpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaveEmissionFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisibleLight</a>) will also emit instances of types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectromagneticRadiation</a> other than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisibleLight</a>. (WaveEmissionFn VisibleLight) illumination The collection of all boating events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Boating</a> does not include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjF-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSkiing</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViasZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surfing</a> because they don't occur on boats. Also you don't steer the same way so anatomical resource requirements are stated differently. boating Boating Grazing moving through the landscape eating parts of plants that grow there. pasture PushingWithOpenHand The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rclMm6MdTQdeAy4lts0NGBw" class="cyc_term">PushingWithHand</a> in which the hand(s) the person is using to push are in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7gEL9MdRQdeYCMtVA5-Sdg" class="cyc_term">OpenHandPosition</a>, with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjoepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandInnerSurface</a> in contact with and trasmitting the force to the object pushed. pushing with an open hand marking A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVik0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MaterialHandling</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MarkingOnASurface</a> is an event in which visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>). The marking may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_Activity</a>) or removing material from a surface (as in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2EIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EngravingEvent</a>). MarkingOnASurface What you do when you don't like a performance. boo Booing spelunking Cave-exploring events. Spelunking meditation Meditating A collection of activities involving concentration and certain kinds of bodily positioning. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvewF8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meditating</a>, the performer concentrates on something for spiritual or religious purposes, e.g. to achieve a higher degree of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0DxrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TranscendentEnlightenment</a>. Canoeing canoeing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6HepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> moves by locomotion (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqY3x5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocomotionProcess</a>) while holding some physical object, so that the object also moves. Examples include a person carrying a baby. A negative example is a propeller plane towing a glider. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServingFoodOrDrink</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingOutTheGarbage</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_9wMkJVFQdeRarRWG8BVpQ" class="cyc_term">CarryingFn</a>. CarryingWhileLocomoting carrying JobHunting Instances are complicated actions in which the performer looks for a job. This can involve reading job advertisements, sending out resumes, going for interviews, and general schmoozing ('networking'). job hunt Weathering A collection of events. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> event, the physical state of an object is altered due to the action of weather, typically over some extended period of time such as years or decades or centuries or millenia. To undergo a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> process, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> must be outdoors (or at least exposed to the outdoor weather). The specific processes involved in a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> event depend upon (1) the climate in which the process occurs, and (2) the type of material that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is made of. One typical effect of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Weathering</a> is the removal of paint (and other coatings) from the object, through the action of sun, rain, freezing, and wind. weathering FloatingInASubstance floating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQB24JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloatingInASubstance</a> is an event in which an object floats (is suspended) in a liquid or gaseous substance. rocking Rocking Repetitive tipping back and forth (or side to side) along a (normally vertical) plane with a somewhat regular rhythm. The motion is constrained by the surface of the object being rocked. Each unidirectional rock is equivalent to a time slice of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpyYvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceConstrainedRotation</a> event. The motion of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RockingChair</a>, rocking horse, or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Watercraft</a> being rocked by the waves are examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rocking</a>. For rocking on a solid surface there is no <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViDLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Slipping</a> betwen the rocking object and the surface. The somewhat similar motion in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjo_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chair_PieceOfFurniture</a> whose seat pivots on an <font color="#ff0000">#$IntrinsicAxisOfObject</font>, but whose legs remain firmly on the supporting surface is technically not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rocking</a>, but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Swinging</a> (about the pivot). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rocking</a> is normally limited in angular extent by the shape of the object. The limit being exceeded will normally cause <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TippingOver</a> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CapsizingEvent</a>, not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpyYvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceConstrainedRotation</a>. (WaveEmissionFn ElectromagneticRadiation) radiation Fight-Physical fight The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a>s in which two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> try to subdue each other by inflicting physical injury. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwASNK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fight_Physical</a> may be between individuals or between groups, and may involve weapons or not. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a>s. The fighting must be mutual; if one side refuses to attack the other or tries to flee instead of attacking, it is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwASNK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fight_Physical</a>. planning Planning An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> thereof) thinks about how it will influence a future course of events. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a> is not the same as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a>, since one can plan without actually producing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r9DYNZvBfQdiISKek7wWggA" class="cyc_term">Plan</a>. Rather, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAPlan</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r2M2PwI_lQdiMlK1fpHXt9w" class="cyc_term">Planning</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> is an event in which something (tangible or intangible) is transferred from one 'place' to another. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> includes changes in physical location, in ownership or possession, transfer of information, and propagation of wave phenomena through space. See also the related predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rDbKaOuVmQdeTKaYmT-4jgg" class="cyc_term">transferredThing</a>, and the specializations of this collection. GeneralizedTransfer transfer The collection of acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWIQRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBOCreation</a> done by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>) arranging its limbs or other body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some meaningful configuration (static or dynamic). Vocal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>s are not considered to be gestures (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnOralSound</a> for this), but they might be done in conjunction with gestures. NB: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is NOT a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>; at most, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> is only half of a communication event. And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for communication. Thus, only some gestures are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>. (But note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a> IS a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2r5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration_Original</a> (q.v.), since every gesture encodes information, whether or not it is used for communication in a particular instance.) MakingAGesture gesturing Spouting spouting by cetaceans Exhaling through a blowhole done by cetaceans trembling Trembling Torture torture A collection of events. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBcGZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Torture</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a> intentionally inflicts physical or psychological distress on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPersonAnimal</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a>'s control, either for pleasure or to get them to do something they would ordinarily be unwilling to do, especially give the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVt07JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">perpetrator</a> some information. WaterSkiing waterskiing The collection of all water-skiing events. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvftnMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingAnObjectAlongWith</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgH-XZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AthleticActivity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1lQaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSurfaceTransportation</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0J35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSportActivity</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjF-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSkiing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. cut CuttingSomething A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandlingADevice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVilD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SeparationEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CuttingSomething</a> is an event in which some piece of material stuff is cut, whether or not a complete separation of parts occurs. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CuttingSomething</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CuttingNails</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Butchering</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu-YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CuttingFabric</a>. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjCmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PassingThroughPortal</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViIZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalIntakeEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Inhaling</a> is a bodily event in which an animal takes air in through an appropriate portal (e.g., its mouth or nose) and passes it into its lungs. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi3c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Breathing</a> (q.v.) has an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Inhaling</a> as a sub-event. inhalation Inhaling The process by which air is contaminated. air pollution AirPollutionProcess compression Compressing The collection of events in which some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is subjected to opposing forces which crush or compact the object, so that afterwards its volume is less than before. Instances are not necessarily also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DestructionEvent</a>s, although they certainly can be depending on the thing acted on. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a> in which one or more participants (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRRi2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">communicationParticipants</a>), believing himself or herself (or itself) to be in a state of incomplete information, requests additional information that will resolve this state of incompleteness, and receives back information that, from the point of view of the &quot;clarifiee,&quot; should either be sufficient for resolving that incomplete state, or otherwise drive the dialogue in a direction where this state will be resolved. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7lw9ALsAQdie9YMer6FxeQ" class="cyc_term">ClarificationDialogue</a> will often decompose (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>) into several iterations of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r7lw9ALsAQdie9YMer6FxeQ" class="cyc_term">ClarificationDialogue</a>. clarification dialogue ClarificationDialogue This is the collection of lookings where the seeker has a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLKyHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PossibleIdentificationCondition</a> but does not believe that exactly one thing satisfies it. It is not required that the seeker believe that more than one thing satisfies it, although this will often be the case. The agent might have consciously in mind one or more descriptions of the sort of thing s/he is seeking or, if not, could at least be prompted to produce such descriptions. Some of these descriptions will express properties the seeker would take to be criterial of success in the sense that s/he could not conceive of a case in which both (i) s/he successfully finds an object of that type and (ii) the object s/he finds lacks any of those properties. The conjunction of these criterial properties will correspond to the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLKyHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PossibleIdentificationCondition</a> that is associated with the search (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJeUYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">searchCriterion_Indefinite</a>). There are two rather different varieties of this sort of looking. In the first sort, the seeker is after just one thing and any thing that satisfies the identification condition will minimally suffice. In the second sort, the seeker is looking for multiple instances of some type of thing. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwStdhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForSomething_IndefiniteSingle</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlP8YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForSomething_IndefiniteMultiple</a>. LookingForSomething-Indefinite looking for something indefinite Moving some kind of material from one point to another, where the goal is to transport the goods. Different from just mixing stuff or putting stuff with other stuff. We remain agnostic as to whether in instances of this collection the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPqxbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">conveyor_Generic</a> remains stationary (transport through a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkfG4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pipeline</a>) or moves along with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViulJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">transportees</a> (transport in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Truck</a>). ConveyingMaterials transportation of materials PlayingAMusicalInstrument playing The set of events in which a single person uses a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a> as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV0FMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">deviceUsed</a> to produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Music</a> (or at least an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudibleSound</a>). Thus an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjq95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Orchestra</a> playing is not an instance of this. But the first violinist's playing, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a> of the whole orchestra's playing is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a>. Two people playing a piano duet is a music making event which has two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAMusicalInstrument</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>. Note: see also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY_YBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InstrumentPlayingFn</a> which is used to denote e.g. the collection of all tuba playing events as (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY_YBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InstrumentPlayingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPR01ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tuba</a>) A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ControllingSomething</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalContactEvent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjoypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryEvent</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandlingAnObject</a> is an event in which an object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>) is touched and manipulated by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViJD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ManipulatingWithFingers</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandlingADevice</a> (qq.v.). handling HandlingAnObject Gliding The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7arnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Locomotion_Air</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXxi65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryObjectMoving</a> does not expend significant energy to go faster or higher, although energy may be expended to maintain tautness of its wings, etc.. The movement of air particles under it slow its fall or even push it upwards, while the pull of gravity is translated into forward motion. Such flight generally cannot be sustained for arbitrary lengths of time. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXxi65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryObjectMoving</a> may be an animal or other natural object, or an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>. soaring StandingInLine You stand, you take a step forward, you stand some more, you take a step forward...The process of standing in a line, waiting in an orderly fashion till it's your turn to perform some action queue bounce A process in which an object bounces off of something else. BouncingProcess CoolingProcess cooling process A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a> is an event in which the temperature of some object (related to the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj33JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoolingProcess</a> by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a>) is lowered. hydrologic infiltration HydrologicInfiltration The collection of all processes wherein water infiltrates or perfuses through the upper layers of soil in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EarthsTopographicSurface</a> and penetrates to the level of artesian channels in the bedrock. HeatingProcess A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5rZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperatureChangingProcess</a>. During each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingProcess</a> event, the temperature of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> is increased by applying heat to the object. Any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a> in which an object temperature is increased is also an instance of this collection. heating EmittingSound sound emission A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvr582pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingAWave</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingSound</a> is an event in which some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpmpZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sound</a> is emitted from some wave source (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_iFl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">waveSource</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingSound</a> include an explosion generating a sound wave, a plucked violin string resonating, a baby crying, and a person saying `Hello'. guiding GuidingAMovingObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbbEIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DirectedTranslation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GuidingAMovingObject</a> is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in translational (as opposed to rotational) motion. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GuidingAMovingObject</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSafc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PuttingSomethingSomewhere</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr-ZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GuidingAnAnimal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SteeringADeviceByHand</a>. ProcessingEvent The collection of individual processing events. In a processing event, something is acted on in a string of events that might change it somehow (e.g., processing cheese) or simply change its status in some system (e.g., processing a form). The thing acted on (the thing that plays the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8Qpv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectProcessed</a> role) is neither created nor destroyed as a result of the processing. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhe7XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProcessingEvent</a> is to be distinguished from the general notion of a process, which we currently represent at the type-level via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>. processing CommercialActivity A collection of events and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv7B1XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EconomicAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Transaction</a>. Instances of this collection include all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, marketing, paying for bought items, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, etc. Its many specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpz69ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LoanRepaying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Renting</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtt8wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductRecall</a>. <p/> Though there is a great deal of overlap between this collection and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a>, they are not the same. Firstly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessEvent</a> does not include any purely social or recreational events (whereas a weekend swap-meet, for example, would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a>). Secondly, not all activities carried out in pursuit of business interests fall under the definition of commercial activity above (consider head-hunting, for example). commercial activity marking on A surface with A pen MarkingOnASurfaceWithAPen Reading-Visual visual reading The collection of all instances of reading based on visual (as opposed to tactile) input. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfmi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading_Visual</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. Chewing A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> event, foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> consists of a large number of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biting</a> sub-events. Anatomical resources required for a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chewing</a> are a tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biting</a>, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around. chewing Learning The collection of all events, brief or extended, in which an agent is acquiring information or know-how. learning event The process by which something is polluted-- made impure or contaminated. This includes air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, etc. PollutionProcess pollution An instance of this collection is an event in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5rgwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RNAPolymerase</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwShuupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAPolymerase</a> acting as a catalyst in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv0TDu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Transcription_DNAToRNA</a> moves along a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpIyn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAMolecule</a>, combining each nucleotide base with a complementary one. polymerase movement TranslationOfPolymerase-Transcription A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPfNtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisitingASite</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi7QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sightseeing</a> are events in which people travel around a geographic location (e.g., a city), visiting the notable sites (e.g., landmarks, museums, zoo, ...) there. This collection does not include more participatory activities, such as going to the beach to swim or tan, running with the bulls in Spain, attending a play, opera, movie, ... unless those activities are strictly aimed at tourists, e.g., riding a camel in front of the pyramids. sight-seeing Sightseeing rafting Transportation by way of raft. If an event is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6HepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a> such that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjB2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">transporter</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPz0OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Raft</a>, then the event is an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1keJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rafting</a>. Rafting Rock climbing events. rock climbing RockClimbing patroling Patrolling The collection of all instances of patrolling done either by law enforcement agencies, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtwAoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vigilante</a>s or military units. AtmosphericWaterVaporTransport The collection of all processes wherein water circulates freely in Earth's atmosphere in the form of water vapor. atmospheric water vapor transport A collection of processes; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thinking</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBl3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Concentrating</a> is a mental process in which the doer's attention is fully or mostly absorbed by his or her thoughts. Every process of mental concentration is also an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> (q.v.) concentrating Concentrating CrawlingOnHandsAndKnees Locomotion in which the body is close to the ground or floor, usually 'on all fours'. crawl The collection of all events in which some person performs worship. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaJ7iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SacredPractice</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0RdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Worshipping</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. Worshipping worship dribble During instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWyqWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DribblingProcess</a> the flow stream is irregular, although mostly continuous. DribblingProcess Only primates smile. Requires lips. Also may involve the whole face and perhaps mouth. Should that be inferable from the fact use of lips involves face and mouth? smiling Smiling A collection of events and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovingSomething</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQ-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingCareOfSomething</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a> event, dirt (or some other unwanted substance) is removed from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectOfStateChange</a> of that event. If a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cleaning</a> event is successful, then the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dirtiness</a> level of the object will have been lowered. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Scrubbing</a>. cleaning Cleaning Exhaling exhalation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj84pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingAnObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjz2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Exhaling</a> is an event in which a gas is expelled from lungs. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6x5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sighing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ah5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlowingAir</a>. For the more specific type of event of the usually unconscious exhalation that is part of the normal breathing process, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1e3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Exhaling_BreathingOut</a>. thirsting Being thirsty ExperiencingThirst WatchingSomething watching A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAsXo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Observing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualPerception</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvneYtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving_Voluntary</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event involving the deliberate direction of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjwtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualPerception</a> on the part of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. See also the specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtZe3_JeNQdeFEpWcn6VbTA" class="cyc_term">EyeContact</a>. bartending The actual activity of making drinks and serving them - and the peanuts - to customers at a bar. TendingBar eating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConsumingFoodOrDrink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a> is an event which involves the consumption of a portion of food by one animal. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a> is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingAMorsel</a> (q.v.) events. EatingEvent vacuuming Vacuuming coughing events -- spasmodic exhalation of the lungs sometimes due to a lung or throat irritant Coughing cough tactile reading The collection of all instances of reading based on tactile (as opposed to visual) input. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoBisZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading_Tactile</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. Reading-Tactile (RinsingWithFn (LiquidFn Water)) rinsing with water swearing Using vulgar language. Need not be spoken. UsingProfanity SandingSomething Using <font color="#ff0000">#$SandPaper</font> or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViw9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PowerSander</a> to smooth the surface of an object, or to remove paint or other substances from the object's surface. sanding stretch StretchingBody Getting into particular body positions in order to 'stretch out' and 'warm up' muscles and increase flexibility in the body. Could be either intensive stretching (a gymnast before a routine), or just casual stretching (a person getting out of bed in the morning). Foraging Looking around for food in the wild and eating it when found. This is the activity by which many wild animals get food. Specializations include grazing and hunting. foraging The collection of all surfing events. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0J35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSportActivity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgH-XZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AthleticActivity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocomotionProcess_Animal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv1lQaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSurfaceTransportation</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViasZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surfing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. Surfing surfing SnowSkiing The collection of all snow skiing events. For now, this includes downhill and x-country. snow-skiing ExperiencingHunger hungering Being hungry The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVigxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TapeRewindingProcess</a>es. In an individual instance an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP3nyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioTapePlayer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjadJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VideoCassetteRecorder</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnsweringMachine</a>, etc. rewinds <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBeS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tape</a>s (usually <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MagneticTape</a>s). rewinding TapeRewindingProcess DrinkingEvent drinking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConsumingFoodOrDrink</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingEvent</a>, one animal consumes a portion of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVju7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingEvent</a> typically consists of several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrinkingASip</a> (q.v.). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EatingEvent</a>. ApplyingAPressure pressing Spraying spraying something Directing a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> from one place to another by expelling it with force, rather than along a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidConduit</a>. However, typically, such a conduit is used to direct the fluid to the point where the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtzJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spraying</a> begins. Looking over books, papers, notes, etc. and trying to learn and understand. Studying studying Reading reading A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvneYtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving_Voluntary</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a> is an act of reading an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>. Acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a> may be performed for any of a number of purposes: e.g., in order to extract some sort of information from a text, for entertainment, to impart the content of the text to others (if an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReadingAloud</a> (q.v.)), or to test reading skills. A person can read visually (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwEfmi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading_Visual</a>) or by touch (e.g. reading Braille; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoBisZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading_Tactile</a>). twirling SpinLikeATop Spinning of an object about a near vertical axis. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Axis</a> of rotation rests or moves about a surface which is usually somewhat horizontal. If the axis of spin is not directly vertical, gravitational force will cause the spinning object to experience <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZL9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Precession</a>. During the spin the velocity of rotation slows down so the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBcTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stabilizing</a> factor decreases. The object may translate about the supporting surface as it spins. Biting is the coming-together of upper and lower teeth into the thing bitten: usually the thing bitten is some kind of food, but it can also be the mailman's ankle, bitten by the dog. biting Biting Stroking or rubbing an animal by a person, usually as a sign of affection for the animal. PettingAnAnimal petting The collection of all snowboarding events. This involves one person, standing on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQypSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Snowboard</a>, sliding down a snow-covered slope. Snowboarding snowboarding The collection of processes in which an animal moves from one place to another by its own power. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocomotionProcess_Animal</a> is an activity considered as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>, in which any time-slice of the activity can also be considered an instance of that activity. Subsets of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocomotionProcess_Animal</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalWalkingProcess</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1JJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brachiating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Climbing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingAWheelchair</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1QE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Boring_Locomotion</a>, etc. LocomotionProcess-Animal locomotion MusicalConducting A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalConductor</a> conducts a group of musicians. conducting PullingAnObject Using a force to tend to move something (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd2IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pullee</a>) towards the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYvxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">puller</a>. If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd2IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pullee</a> moves, it is a case of the more specific, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingAnObjectAlong</a> (which has significant specializations <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLMfPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingAnObjectCloser</a> and PullingAnObjectAlongWith). If the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYvxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">puller</a> moves and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd2IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pullee</a> does not, it is a case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV1zKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingOneselfTowards</a>. If neither the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYvxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">puller</a> nor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd2IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pullee</a> moves, it is a case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWzUaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingWithoutTranslation</a>. If the force causes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFd2IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">pullee</a> to stretch, it is a case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwM0b1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pulling_Stretching</a>. pulling A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvtAG-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emission</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingAnObject</a> is an emission event in which some partially tangible object (related to the emission event via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectEmitted</a>) is emitted from something else (the emitter, related to the emission event via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjc8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">emitter</a>). The emitted object goes from a place inside of the emitter to some place that is not within the emitter, and the emitter plays an active role in the emission. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingAnObject</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bleeding_TheAction</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrecipitationProcess</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecretionEvent</a>. emission of an object EmittingAnObject A collection of actions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a> is an action in which somebody (often by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a>) creates a meaningful phrase. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a> is often a subevent in various <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> events. Note that not all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a> involve <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a>, since sometimes people can talk using some non-oral language, e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a>, however, is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>. talking Talking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Learning</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviN0mpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearningAnAbility</a> is an event in which a new ability is acquired. Some abilities are complex, and learning them involves learning one or more sub-abilities. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviN0mpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearningAnAbility</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> (q.v.). learning an ability LearningAnAbility surgical procedure sub procedure SurgicalProcedureSubProcedure A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Boiling</a>. Instances of this collection are events in heat is applied to a liquid with the intent of concentrating the liquid by reducing it's volume. ReducingALiquid reducing Juggling juggling The collection of all events of keeping three or more objects in the air by repeatedly catching and throwing them. Laughing laughing Laughing process hail A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrecipitationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HailProcess</a> is an event in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1dJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HailStone</a>s fall to the earth from clouds. HailProcess Eavesdropping An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> and a specialization of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZMhaZSSUEdaYHgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SurreptitiouslyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjASJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ListeningDeliberately</a>). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a> is an event in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> secretly listens to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD6CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Conversation</a> in which he is not an active participant. eavesdropping RainProcess A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrecipitationProcess</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_WpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RainProcess</a> is an event in which the condensed liquid water in one or more clouds forms droplets (or ice cystals which subsequently melt in mid-air) substantial enough to fall to the surface of the planet. rain The collection of sensory <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perceiving</a>s in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHKA2rmHkEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">hears</a> something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it. See also: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjASJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ListeningDeliberately</a>, the subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hearing</a> events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to. Hearing hearing The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rclMm6MdTQdeAy4lts0NGBw" class="cyc_term">PushingWithHand</a> in which the primary transmission of motive force between the person pushing and the object pushed occurs through the fingers, as opposed to the palm or the back of the hand. PushingWithFingers pushing with one's fingers cross country skiing The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi-m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SnowSkiing</a> where one provides his/her own motive force for skiing on relatively flat snowy surfaces CrossCountrySkiing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGayhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Talking</a> (which includes non-verbal talking such as the use of sign-language) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnOralSound</a>. The collection of actions generating utterances (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQahWGFyWEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">SpokenUtterance_IBT</a>) which are speech. Hence, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a> normally includes only those utterances using some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a> as a communication convention, unlike other utterances such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjC-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Booing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cheering</a>. It is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> -- for events where two or more agents are involved in spoken communication, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a>. Speaking speaking Instances are complicated actions in which the performer looks for a house/condo/apt that he/she wishes to either rent or buy. house hunting HumanResidenceHunting humidification The collection of intrinsic state-change processes which increase the concentration of water vapor in some portion of air. HumidifyingAir The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PushingAnObject</a> in which a person is the direct performer of the pushing, both providing the motive force required and touching the object pushed. SomebodyPushingSomething somebody pushing something LearningASkill This is the subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Learning</a> containing those events in which the performer learns some new skill. learning a skill running DeviceRunning A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeviceRunning</a> is an event in which some device is running. This collection includes events which are complete cycles of a device's normal function (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCompleteRunOfADevice</a>), as well as random time slices (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of such events. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeviceRunning</a> include instances of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViD85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirplaneTakeOff</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$SkateBoarding</font>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCa2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OffRoadMotorcycleRiding</a>. Note that an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeviceRunning</a> does not need to be a continuous event. Examples of discontinuous instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeviceRunning</a> include the following: the event of all the ignition phases of the firing of a particular automobile's engine during November of 1996; the event in which a particular TV was on and showing a commercial in the year 2001. A collection of events, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4J5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnergyConversionProcess</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViy3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DecompositionProcess</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjATpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombustionProcess</a> is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flame</a>s). The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjATpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CombustionProcess</a> is at least partly consumed. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flammability</a>. burning CombustionProcess thinking non purposeful A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thinking</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thinking_NonPurposeful</a> is a non-purposeful mental process. Some compulsive thoughts and daydreams are positive examples. Thinking-NonPurposeful The striking or pushing of a liquid in such a way as to make parts of it airborn. splashing Splashing LookingForSomething-Definite looking for something definite The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYoLMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing</a> wherein some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> is looking for a particular thing. The agent might have consciously in mind one or more descriptions of the thing s/he is seeking or, if not, could at least be prompted to produce such descriptions. Some of these descriptions will express properties the seeker would take to be criterial of success in the sense that s/he could not conceive of a case in which both (i) s/he successfully finds the object and (ii) the object s/he finds lacks any of those properties. The conjunction of these criterial properties will correspond to the instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLKyHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PossibleIdentificationCondition</a> that is associated with the search (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB2tW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">searchCriterion_Definite</a>). What makes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYoLMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing</a> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv54YvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForSomething_Definite</a> is that the agent believes that exactly one object has this conjunction of criterial properties, namely the particular object s/he seeks. RollingOnASurface A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Motion_SolidAgainstSolid</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RollingOnASurface</a> is a process of moving along a surface in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a> rotates while it translates. For example, what a car's tires do when the car is being driven is an instance of $RollingOnASurface. Points on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a> become flush with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdT0I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">flushSurfaces</a>) the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">motionPathway_Complete</a> for a brief period (depending on speed, diameter, surface rolled on, deformability of roller, and pressure) and then move perpendicularly away as the object moves along. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjFKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RollingOnASurface</a> moves along the surface without <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sliding_Generic</a>. rolling ImprovingADevisedPracticeOrWork The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6hdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ImprovementEvent</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvri885wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectImproved</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a>. To improve a work is also to generate a derived work (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqTOWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlWorks</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwETU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">derivedConceptualWork</a>); as such <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQ7v-AkDUEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ImprovingADevisedPracticeOrWork</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>, where among the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> is a better version of the original. improving A devised practice or work Playing playing stirring Stirring A collection of actions in which a liquid or other substance is agitated with a continuous or repetitive motion. Stirring is usually performed with an implement such as a spoon. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj8v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SimpleWholeBodyMovement</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv6dWNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Walking_Generic</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmjJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocomotionProcess_Animal</a>. Each instance of this collection is a walking event in which the locomotor is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvw_OI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanWalkingProcess</a>. animal walking process AnimalWalkingProcess A collection of actions. In a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisitingSomeone</a> event, one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> travels or moves to the vicinity of another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> for the purpose of meeting with that other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisitingSomeone</a> is purposeful, at least on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> doing the travelling, and that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> is typically a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>, and the purpose is often social in nature. VisitingSomeone visit The collection of events in which an object is cleaned by running or pouring some liquid over it. rinsing Rinsing An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBgG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GuidingAMovingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandlingADevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVivYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SteeringADeviceByHand</a> is an event in which an agent manually controls the course of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVQJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationDevice</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-6HepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportationEvent</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBTTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SteeringFn</a>. steering SteeringADeviceByHand Every <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD6CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Conversation</a> includes at least two <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subEvents</a>, with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViPLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> in one being the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVqYY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a> in the other. conversation Conversation yawn Yawning Yawning event -- caused by tiredness or boredom. MovementProcess A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementEvent</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance MOTION of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementProcess</a> is a movement event that can be considered as a continuous motion. That is, (i) motion happens without interruption throughout MOTION and thus (ii) every time-slice of MOTION is itself a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementProcess</a>. movement RustingProcess rusting The oxidation of an iron-based metal; rust is formed in the process. The collection of events which are mobs whose granule is a turn in one direction followed by a stop, direction reversal, a reverseEvent to the initial one, a second stop, and a second direction reversal. A single return to the starting position does not constitute a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2bBVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PeriodicReversingRotation</a> PeriodicReversingRotation periodic reversing rotation Lifeseeing lifeseeing The collection of events in which a person or group of persons (generally <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPfOI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tourist</a>s) observe the landscape around them as they walk, drive, or ride past it. Praying praying frowning Only primates frown. Requires lips. Also may involve eyebrows. Finally the whole face. Should the latter be inferable from the fact use of lips involves face? See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Smiling</a> for related problem. Frowning Applauding-Clapping clapping To clap the hands to express approval. precipitation process A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ImmediateWeatherProcess</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FallingEvent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmittingStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj-zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrecipitationProcess</a> is a meteorological process in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or some other form of precipitation. PrecipitationProcess PullingAnObjectAlong A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Propelling</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvejAtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingAnObject</a> (qq.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PullingAnObjectAlong</a> is an event in whcih an agent uses a sudden or steady force directed toward itself to pull something towards itself. Contrast this collection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PushingAnObject</a>. dragging A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLc3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlowEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_TranslationEvent</a> (qq.v.). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlow_Translation</a>, the moving object (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectMoving</a>) is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjR45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidTangibleThing</a> (i.e. a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object. At least some of the moving object leaves its original position (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjiI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fromLocation</a>) and some arrives at the destination (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">toLocation</a>), but it is not necessary that all of the moving object go from the origin to the destination. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlow_Translation</a> include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling one's lungs when one takes a breath. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlow_Translation</a> include flows of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rva5mn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GranularFluid</a>s (q.v.), such as sand or drifting snow, that are composed of multiple solid particles. flowing FluidFlow-Translation A form of precipitation like raining ice. It is not hard chunks like hail, and it is not completely liquid, like rain. It is somewhere in between. SleetProcess sleet PushingWithHand pushing with one's hand A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHtw1zMdTQdeGbq-IP_WT9w" class="cyc_term">SomebodyPushingSomething</a>. In instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rclMm6MdTQdeAy4lts0NGBw" class="cyc_term">PushingWithHand</a>, the person pushing uses primarily his or her hand to transmit the force to the object pushed. panting The collection of all events in which a mammal, such as a dog, cools itself by rapid breathing in and out with the tongue sticking out, allowing increased evaporation from the tongue and inner mouth surfaces. Panting swinging The process of repetitive swinging with either a rigid (e.g. pendulum or metronome) or flexible (e.g. child's swing) connection to an axis not at the center of gravity. The axis does not have to be horizontal; thus a gate can swing back and forth. The motion, for a horizontal axis, may be above the axis as well as below. Both the object attached to the pivot and any object 'riding' on that object are said to swing. This does not include swinging an axe or a bat as a single swing is not periodic, and the return to the start of the swing for repeated swings is not a temporal reflection of the forward swing. Swinging a pail around the head while it is attached to a rope is not this kind of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjhgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Swinging</a> since it is not a repetative reversing motion. Swinging A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. research Research (TransportViaFn OarPropelledWatercraft) transportation by means of oar-propelled watercraft improving A classification system ImprovingAClassificationSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro5j7xkDaEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">ImprovingAConceptualWork</a>. Instances are improvement events in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvri885wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectImproved</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>. salivating Salivating A collection of events. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salivating</a> event, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> secretes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Saliva</a> from its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalivaryGland</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjEj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salivating</a> is a natural bodily function, occurring in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mouth</a>. HydrologicExfiltration hydrologic exfiltration The collection of all processes wherein water perfuses up from the level of bedrock through the upper layers of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EarthsTopographicSurface</a>, to flow freely at the surface in the form of artesian springs and wells. vomiting The action where the stomach convulses to expel the contents inside. Vomiting wakeboarding WakeboardingEvent The collection of all wakeboarding events. wakeboarding is a lot like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjF-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterSkiing</a>, only one kneels on a board instead of standing on skis. Keep in mind that not all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmxpZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WakeboardingEvent</a>s are performances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zTapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wakeboarding_CW</a>, an organized sport, though certainly all performances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8zTapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wakeboarding_CW</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmxpZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WakeboardingEvent</a>s. periodic rotation Rotation-Periodic A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_Rotation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWWHKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_Periodic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5u5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rotation_Periodic</a> is a series of partial or full rotations occurring periodically. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5u5IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rotation_Periodic</a> include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis. artesian transportation The collection of all natural processes in which water is transported underground through artesian channels from one point under (or within) the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwCl_n5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EarthsTopographicSurface</a> to another. ArtesianTransport A collection of events. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgESm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crumpling</a> event is an event of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj4o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ShapeChangeWithoutRemovingMaterial</a> in which some particular sheetlike object (e.g., a piece of paper, a cloth sheet, or a fender) is crumpled. Crumpling crumpling Intentionally avoiding something. In general, avoidance of a thing may entail limiting proximity to and/or familiarity with the object in question.. AvoidingSomething avoiding Staining staining Applying a colored stain to a piece of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEIE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuralSupportStuff</a>. transportation events where some device (possibly animal?) pulls a wheeled vehicle behind it. TowingARoadVehicle tow Intentionally paying no attention to something. If someone ignores a thing, they do not look at it and do not listen to the sounds it makes. IgnoringSomething disregard The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sleeping</a> events, i.e., natural processes in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> engages in some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sleeping</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVn3Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent_Involuntary</a>; the process of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjSm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sleeping</a> is essential for the health of sentient animals. Sleeping sleeping A collection of actions; each of which is the action of reading textual material aloud. reading aloud ReadingAloud This collection involves events of social interaction in a social setting. Instances usually have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> subevents, but communicating needn't be the primary subactivity. Instead, two people hanging out together drinking at a bar or dancing at a nightclub could be an instance of socializing, with or without conversation. The context of these events is a social context, therefore business meetings, commercial exchanges, interactions with the dental receptionist, etc. are not examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwC_c1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Socializing</a>, unless there is some non-official (i.e. social) purpose for the agents spending time together.--Causley, March 22, 1999 socializing Socializing varnishing Applying varnish to a piece of wood. Varnishing EyeContact eye contact A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO0J55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WatchingSomething</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which someone looks into the eyes of someone who is looking at them. Swishing a liquid around in your mouth, leaning your head back and keeping the liquid in your throat while exhaling, and then spitting it out. Gargling gargle A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MovementEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movement_Rotation</a> the most salient moving object (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXxi65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">primaryObjectMoving</a>) rotates (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHI-X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectRotating</a>). That is, the object rotates about an axis (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhWXX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">axisOfRotation</a>) that spatially intersects it (or goes through a hole in it). Examples include the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis and the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end. A non-example is the orbiting of the Earth around the sun, as the axis of the orbit does not spatially intersect the Earth. Movement-Rotation rotation PushingAnObject pushing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Propelling</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplyingAPressure</a> (qq.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PushingAnObject</a> is an event throughout which an agent, using its own force, moves an object by applying a force directed away from itself. Pushing a wheelbarrow would be an instance of this, even though the wheelbarrow doesn't get any farther away, because the pusher applies a force away and the wheelbarrow moves. Pushing on a closed door, however, wouldn't be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PushingAnObject</a> if the door doesn't move -- rather, that would just be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplyingAPressure</a>. rinsing with solution of water and sodium bicarbonate (RinsingWithFn (SolutionFn (LiquidFn Water) SodiumBicarbonate)) The collection of processes by which chemical compounds are created (usually out of simpler chemical compounds). ChemicalSynthesis chemical synthesis Kayaking kayaking loosing hair Shedding Bodyboarding bodyboarding The collection of all bodyboarding events. Bodyboarding is a recreational water activity in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> uses a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAM5wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bodyboard</a> to ride water waves. Bodyboarders typically ride the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAM5wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bodyboard</a> in a prone position or while kneeling, in contrast to surfers who ride waves standing on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surfboard</a>. Instances of this collection are the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD6CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Conversation</a> that take place in a session between a user and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjpqz-JeRQdea_53SFO0fvw" class="cyc_term">CycInterlocutor</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rhIh1Vgi4QdiWhLmTXk8coQ" class="cyc_term">CycInterlocutorDialogue</a> consists of a series of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rVGeDvK2CQdeeAa5MVEFiYA" class="cyc_term">CycInterlocutorUtterance</a>s. Cyc Interlocutor dialogue CycInterlocutorDialogue fishing The collection of all fishing events. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1No5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LicenseRequiringActivity</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViacJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fishing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a>. Some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViacJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fishing</a> are performed for leisure, and some are performed to acquire fish as a resource or commodity. Fishing The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvh5TfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StaticSituation</a>s in which some object acts to hold one or more other objects stationary in some reference frame. For example, a nail may hold two boards together, a seat may hold a person in place, a person may hold an object with a hand tool. Note that in another frame of reference the object need not be stationary. For example, one of the subevents of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViMIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarryingWhileLocomoting</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HoldingAnObject</a>. Thus, although the object is moving it is stationary in relation to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjB2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">transporter</a>. HoldingAnObject holding an object removal by moving A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovingSomething</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjYRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion</a> (qq.v.). During a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdISrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovingSomething_Translational</a> event, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1XyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectRemoved</a> is moved out of the object or configuration to which it belonged prior to the removal event. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1XyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectRemoved</a> is not destroyed by the removal event. Examples include unwrapping a present, undressing, digging up a root, and removing an appendix. RemovingSomething-Translational FluidFlow-Separation fluid flow separation The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FluidFlow_Translation</a> events in which some part of a portion of fluid moves and separates from that original portion. online chat A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWSDgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetCommunication</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>, Each instance of this collection is an online conversation between two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>s logged in remotely to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. The program sends each participant's utterances more-or-less in real time in the order in which they were received to all clients connected to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc-PwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChatRoom</a>. Typically, a user's utterance is identified by their username or graphical 'avatar'. OnlineChat exercising The collection of events in which humans move their bodies for the purpose of general physical conditioning and/or strengthening muscles. Exercising SpokenCommunicating speaking A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjJB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two or more agents (in this way <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a>, which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>). The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> include a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCayZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GettysburgAddress_Speech</a>. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection type of cumulative event A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (<font color="#ff0000">#$EventSumFn</font> PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString type of cumulative event A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (<font color="#ff0000">#$EventSumFn</font> PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType DurativeEventType A collection of collections. If TYPE is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>, each instance of TYPE is a &quot;durative event&quot; extended through time, i.e., it endures continuously between its starting and ending points, and such points are not simultaneous. As an example, writing a letter is a durative event type, since an event of this type will (except in &quot;degenerate&quot; cases) have a distinct starting point, a period of time in the middle during which writing occurs, and an end point at which the letter is written. By contrast, winning a prize is an instantaneous change: up to the moment the event takes place, you don't have the prize, after that you do. Granted, the awarding of the prize might in fact have a physical duration, but from a conceptual or logical point of view it might as well have none. If one thinks of events as the occurrence of &quot;changes&quot;, one may regard durative events as changes that intrinsically occupy a continuous, non-zero chunk of time, and non-durative events (for which see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>) as instantaneous changes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a proper specialization of this collection, because the cumulativity property (see the salient assertion for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>) implies that all process types can have temporal extension. Naturally, many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>s are not cumulative, but rather <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a>s. type of durative event