]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. SoftwarePackage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> is the collection of programs composed of loosely coupled component programs, possibly including an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>, libraries, tool sets, or "system software". software package software packages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_package Family of software packages incorporating Lisp. LispPackage Lisp package A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> is a program that provides an environment in which a user can execute instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> (q.v.) on the hardware of a computer. That is, running copies of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> serve as systems that look for and understand user commands, regulate how system resources are used by application programs, handle the internal operations of computers, and so on. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQ499ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystemKernel</a> (q.v.), and that together these three collections partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. OperatingSystem operating system The collection of all SUN software packages. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a>. SUN software package SUNSoftwarePackage TOPS-20Package TOPS 20 Package The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> incorporating the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TOPS_20</a> OS. HP Basic Pkg HP software package incorporating HP BASIC. HPBasicPkg Perl Interpreter for Windows PerlForWindows-TheProgram The Windows version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_A-PpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perl_TheProgram</a>, an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoxzi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevelopmentProgram</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJYhSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perl_ProgrammingLanguage</a>. Python-TheProgram <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r74UIAhqkEdac2QACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Python_TheProgram</a> is a constant that denotes the interpreter for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r74UIARqkEdac2QACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Python_ProgrammingLanguage</a>. Python program a2ps A2ps-TheSoftwarePackage A popular open source web application server that runs on many unix platforms. Zope Zope-TheProgram Oracle9i Application Server Oracle9iApplicationServer-TheProgram SGMLTools-TheProgram SGML Tools A suite of software tools (packaged with many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUCtxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxOS</a>es) designed to give users a customizable document markup and maintenance interface. Samba-TheProgram Samba A filesharing package which provides interoperability between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Unix</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4riNGXwP2fQdaZXrfbbzQmow" class="cyc_term">MSWindows</a> systems. PAM PAM-TheProgram <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzPbTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PAM_TheProgram</a> is the program authentication module package that comes with many distributions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8H-YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux</a>. Authenticating a user is typically accomplished via the user entering a password and the system checking if the entered password corresponds to the encrypted official password that is stored in /etc/passwd . A number of new ways of authenticating users have become popular, including more complicated replacements for the /etc/passwd file, and hardware devices, such as Smart cards. Each time a new authentication scheme is developed, it requires all the necessary programs (login, ftpd etc...) to be rewritten to support it. PAM provides a way to develop programs that are independent of authentication scheme. These programs need 'authentication modules' to be attached to them at run-time in order to work. Which authentication module is to be attatched is dependent upon the local system setup and is at the discretion of the local system administrator. Oracle E-Business Suite OracleE-BusinessSuite-TheProgram Eserv Etype's Eserv product is designed to be a one-source internet connectivity solution, incorporating mail, web, ftp, and proxy servers into one package. Eserv-TheProgram Perl-TheProgram Perl Interpreter <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_A-PpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perl_TheProgram</a> denotes 'The Practical Extraction and Report Language program', an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvoxzi5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevelopmentProgram</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJYhSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perl_ProgrammingLanguage</a>. ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object SoftwarePackage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> is the collection of programs composed of loosely coupled component programs, possibly including an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>, libraries, tool sets, or "system software". software package SoftwareObject-Individual software A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> is either a versioned or unversioned non-series software object, such as a program, a version of a program, a software package, or a library. Positive examples include Netscape Navigator, Netscape Navigator version 4.76, glibc, and SUNWzip. Negative examples include Netscape Navigator versions 3 through 4 inclusive, which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> are disjoint and they partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType SoftwarePackage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> is the collection of programs composed of loosely coupled component programs, possibly including an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>, libraries, tool sets, or "system software". software package SoftwarePackage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> is the collection of programs composed of loosely coupled component programs, possibly including an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>, libraries, tool sets, or "system software". software package SoftwarePackage <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwarePackage</a> is the collection of programs composed of loosely coupled component programs, possibly including an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>, libraries, tool sets, or "system software". software package