]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. ResearchOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>s include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQraoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSpaceProgram</a>, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a>, and the Hoover Institute. research organization research center research centre research organisation research organisations research organizations research institutes research centers research institute research centres GovernmentResearchOrganization government research organization A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT6kWuphbQdeBDv60qmDE-A" class="cyc_term">GovernmentResearchOrganization</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv392vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByActivityType</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvnDzV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeGrantingHigherEducationInstitution</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EducationalOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a> are educational organizations (whose official names usually, but not always, include the word 'University') at which university-level teaching and research takes place. Some universities comprise multiple &quot;colleges&quot; and professional schools. Note that this collection includes universities that lie within a more or less local and spatially contiguous campus as well as those that consist of a system of such campuses. Thus both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViuH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniversityOfTexasAtAustin</a> and its encompassing system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgf0XJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniversityOfTexas</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">University</a>. university University AcademicDepartment academic department A collection of sub-organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AcademicDepartment</a> is a major subdivision of an educational institution, with the primary purpose of research and/or teaching related to a particular academic discipline or subject-matter. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJ4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SchoolInUniversity_DegreeGranting</a>. biotechnology company BiotechnologyCompany Instances are companies which develop and produce drugs and other pharmaceutical products, such as medical devices. ResearchCenter The collection of all research centers. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>. research center PharmaceuticalCompany Instances are companies which develop and produce drugs and other pharmaceutical products, such as medical devices. pharmaceutical company The class of organizations in which graduate students are enrolled; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjMyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">providerOfService</a> for most graduate instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi4T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CourseOfStudy</a>. GraduateSchool graduate program SRI International SRIInternational the National Cancer Institute NationalCancerInstitute Intuitive Surgical Inc. IntuitiveSurgicalInc National Science Foundation NationalScienceFoundation TadjouraNuclearResearchCenter A facility in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Libya</a> where nuclear research is carried out. Tadjoura All-Russia Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM) AllRussiaInstituteOfAviationMaterials AAAI AAAI Bell Laboratories BellLaboratories ChemicalResearchInstitute-Nukus Chemical Research Institute Nukus Integrated Surgical Systems Inc. IntegratedSurgicalSystemsInc Oblonsk State Research Center for Applied Microbiology StateResearchCenterForAppliedMicrobiology A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwBEDs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfOblenskRussia</a>. Terrorism Research Center TerrorismResearchCenter the Center for Defense Information CenterForDefenseInformation USDepartmentOfTheInterior United States Department of the Interior VNIEEMETMASH VNIEEMETMASH CorporationForNationalResearchInitiatives Corporation for National Research Initiatives CongressionalResearchService Congressional Research Service The public policy research branch of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1W2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">USCongress</a>. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Research and Production Amalgamation on Machine-Building Technology TSNIITMASH the Cyc Group CycGroup the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Federal organization charged with encouraging and facilitating R&D work on advanced technologies in the national interest. DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency NationalInstitutesOfHealth National Institutes of Health International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism ICT FederalAviationAdministration The US government entity charged with regulating civil aviation, developing and operating systems of air traffic control and navigation, etc. Federal Aviation Administration Glenn Research Center GlennResearchCenter InternationalSocietyForInfectiousDiseases International Society For Infectious Diseases MetronInc-TheCompany Metron Inc MITRE TheMITRECorporation All-Russia Electronical Institute (VEI) AllRussiaElectronicalInstitute Cycorp Cycorp A suborganization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTtw-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PfizerInc</a> concerned with development, production and marketing of prescription <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugProduct</a>s intended for people. Other suborganizations are concerned with animal healthcare, consumer health care, and medical devices used in institutional settings. PfizerPharmaceuticalsGroup Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group MCC MCC-TheCompany CycorpEurope CycorpEurope Long Term Ecological Research Network LongTermEcologicalResearchNetwork The LTER program has eighteen sites located throughout North America and Antarctica, now involving more than 200 research scientists and about 300 technical personnel and students. The goals of the LTER program are: (1) long-term analysis of site-specific ecological phenomena; (2) comparison of observations across diverse ecosystems and in terms of general systems theory; and (3) provision of large, secure, ecologically diverse sites with well developed support capabilities. Each participating LTER research site is expected to address five core research topics: pattern and control of primary production; spatial and temporal distribution of populations selected to represent trophic structure; pattern and control of organic matter accumulation in surface layers and sediment; pattern of inorganic inputs and movements of nutrients through soils, groundwater, and surface waters; and pattern and frequency of disturbance to the research site. AmesResearchCenter NASA-Ames Research Center US Department of Transportation The United States Department of Transportation consists of seven Administrations representing the various transportation modes, plus the U.S. Coast Guard, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation and the Office of the Secretary. The Department serves as the focal point in the Federal Government for the coordinated national Transportation Policy. It is responsible for transportation safety improvements and enforcement, international transportation agreements and the continuity of transportation services in the public interest. The Department also prepares and proposes all legislation relating to transportation, coordinates transportation issues with other concerned agencies, and provides technical assistance to the states and cities in support of transportation programs and objectives. The United States Department of Transportation Operating Administrations include the U.S. Coast Guard, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv2t1sZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FederalAviationAdministration</a>, the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the Maritime Administration, and the Research and Special Programs Administration. USDepartmentOfTransportation the State Research Center for Virology and Biotechnology RussianVECTOR Pfizer is a pharmacuetical company. Pfizer PfizerInc Pasteur Institute of Iran PasteurInstituteOfIran MemorialInstituteForPreventionOfTerrorism The Memorial Institute For The Prevention Of Terrorism MITAILab MIT AI Lab Computer Motion ComputerMotionInc Sematech Austin chip manufacturer. Sematech the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies FoundationForTheDefenseOfDemocracies AndreyevAcousticsInstitute Andreyev Acoustics Institute MITREMcLeanVAOffice MITRE Mc Lean, VA Office Bochvar All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of Inorganic Materials ARSRIIM WashingtonInstituteForNearEastPolicy Washington Institute SITEInstitute the SITE Institute CouncilOnForeignRelations Council on Foreign Relations the Middle East Media Research Institute MiddleEastMediaResearchInstitute AssociationForComputingMachinery Association for Computing Machinery QualitativeReasoningGroupAtNorthwesternU Qualitative Reasoning Group CentreForConflictResolution Centre for Conflict Resolution Defense Research and Development Establishment A research organization operated by the Indian military. DefenseResearchAndDevelopmentEstablishment the Smithsonian Institution SmithsonianInstitution-Organization The Smithsonian Institution was founded for the promotion and dissemination of knowledge by a bequest to the United States by James Smithson (1765-1829). the National Eye Institute NationalEyeInstitute Scripps Research Institute ScrippsResearchInstitute Obolensk institute Obolensk-RussianResearchInstitute Science Applications International Corporation ScienceApplicationsInternationalCorporation Organization--Institute-for-Research-in-Cognitive-Science Institute for Research in Cognitive Science A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>s include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQraoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSpaceProgram</a>, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a>, and the Hoover Institute. ResearchOrganization research organization organizations by function organization topic OrganizationsByFunction-Organization-Topic (CollectionDifferenceFn Organization GeopoliticalEntity) organisation that is not a political entity type of organization classified by activity OrganizationTypeByActivityType A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvprlOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FacetingCollectionType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv392vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByActivityType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> whose instances engage in the same type of activity. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv392vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByActivityType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SellingOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServiceOrganization</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType Agent-NonGeographical agent non geographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro3lluGJHQdiVxrZReHS-jQ" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rTamqeBNMEdqAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">Agent_NonGeographical</a> is the collection of all spatially-located agents that are not geographical (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>). Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ryJtzbicMEdqAAAACs6hcqg" class="cyc_term">EmbodiedAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a>. The collection of organizations that are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. This will include most of the instances of organization other than governments and countries. Organization-NonGeopoliticalEntity organisation that is not a political entity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>s include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQraoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSpaceProgram</a>, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a>, and the Hoover Institute. ResearchOrganization research organization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main function (or one of its main functions). A given instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a> may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchOrganization</a>s include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQraoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesSpaceProgram</a>, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a>, and the Hoover Institute. ResearchOrganization research organization