]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument percussions percussion instruments percussion xylophone Xylophone A type of percussion instrument made of wooden bars and played with small mallets. glockenspiel percussion instrument made of metal bars that are struck with a hammer Glockenspiel A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. Each instance of this collection is a percussion instument in which a hollow tube has a membrane stretched over one or both ends. drum DrumInstrument piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic cymbal Cymbal metal disk that is struck with a stick or with another cymbal chime Chime tubes of varying lengths that are struck with a hammer RattleInstrument A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>. Each instance of this collection is a musical instrument in which a hollow section has pellets inside which cause a noise from hitting the walls when the instrument is shaken.--Foxvog, Aug. 2, 1999 rattle The collection of all bells. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bell</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bell</a> is a simple instrument, formed of metal, glass or ceramic in the shape of an open-ended drum, which resonates when struck. bell Bell Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjI6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument</a>s that is not powered by electronic or some other `artificial' means. Some specializations e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WoodwindInstrument</a>, etc are default rather than monotonic, because there are rare exceptions such as electronic clarinet, electronic drums and such. MusicalInstrument-Acoustic acoustic instrument kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO3H5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument KineticEnergyPoweredDevice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KineticEnergyPoweredDevice</a> does not have any "on-board" energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device. Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion -- such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pulley</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Piano_Acoustic</a>. (Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SelfPoweredDevice</a>, which includes, e.g., electric organs.) device powered by kinetic energy