]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. incorporated business LargeIncorporatedBusiness A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> is a relatively large (e.g., having at least several hundred employees) business corporation. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a>. incorporated businesses http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation A subset of #$HPKB-TransnationalAgent and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a>. An element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a> is a corporate entity that operates internationally and involves firms or interests from different countries. MultinationalCorporation multinational corporation chain ChainOrganization A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, and local organizational structure. Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Starbucks. Business-Fortune500 A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rfGs25jXuEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Business_Fortune500</a> is among the largest 500 corporations in the U.S. during a particular year, according to the editors of Fortune Magazine. Fortune 500 company GlaxoInc <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwMwSApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GlaxoInc</a>., the American subsidiary of Glaxo Wellcome plc. Glaxo RocheLaboratoriesInc Roche Laboratories, Inc. HoffmannLaRoche Hoffmann-La Roche Pfizer is a pharmacuetical company. Pfizer PfizerInc WesternDigitalCorporation western digital BoehringerIngelheim Boehringer Ingelheim An international company involved in the development of computer technology, and the production of testing and measurement instruments. The company is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. Hewlett-PackardInc Hewlett-Packard ProdigyCommunicationsCorporation Prodigy Communications Corporation PEZ, the company producer of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvEKEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PezCandy</a>. Originally Austrian, it moved to the USA in 1952. Pez-TheCompany PEZ Structural Dynamics Research StructuralDynamicsResearch-Corporation VulcanInc Vulcan, Inc. GileadSciencesInc Gilead Sciences A large software company founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. MicrosoftInc Microsoft Adobe, Inc. AdobeInc The software company founded by John Warnock which developed Postscript and many other font/printer technologies. Merck & Co MerckAndCo-Corporation GeneralFoodsCorporation General Foods Gibson-TheCompany Gibson The Gibson company located in Kalamazoo. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyqFS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gibson_TheCompany</a> sells acoustic and electric musical equipment for guitarists and is especially well-known for its fine electric guitars like the LesPaul and SG models. SAP AG A large software company based in Germany, traded on NYSE as "SAP" (as an ADR). SAP-Company TheHiringCompany The Hiring Company A large company considered in the role of hiring/employing employees. Ford Motor Company FordTheCompany U.S. Robotics, the telecommunications company. It just merged with 3Com (1999). USRobotics U.S. Robotics Glaxo Wellcome GlaxoWellcomePLC The holding company which exercises financial control over all Glaxo subsidiaries, including Glaxo Inc. AOL AmericaOnlineInc The largest <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhx2A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetServiceProvider</a> in the United States. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRU8LpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericaOnlineInc</a> (NYSE: AOL, www.aol.com) provides internet service, including email, website hosting, WWW access, and a lot of proprietary content to millions of members (about 14 million as of 1998). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRU8LpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericaOnlineInc</a> also (as of January, 1998) owns and operates Compuserve, a formerly independent ISP, in addition to AOL, the original interactive service of America Online. The company was founded in 1985, and the chairman and CEO is Steve Case. CommodoreBusinessMachines Makers of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwKsAeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PETComputer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHrn6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Commodore64</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvkOfPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Commodore16</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwRWFC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Commodore128</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvm4g_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmigaComputer</a> personal computers. Their logo is a chicken head. On 29 April 1994, Commodore closed down business. On April 21, 1995, CBM was bought by Escom AG, a German company. Production of the Amiga resumed. commodore TrianglePharmaceuticals Triangle Pharmaceuticals US West USWest AbbottLaboratories-Corporation Abbott Caldera Inc A software company which distributes various versions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViHlJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Unix</a>, having bought out SCO (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvHsW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SantaCruzOperationInc</a>). It recently released an open-source Unix. CalderaInc IridiumLLC Iridium Iridium LLC, the global satellite telephone and paging company. Commercially active since November 1, 1998. General Motors GeneralMotors Key3MediaEventsInc Key3Media Events, Inc. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object incorporated business A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> is a relatively large (e.g., having at least several hundred employees) business corporation. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a>. LargeIncorporatedBusiness The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>s which have been incorporated in accordance with the laws of a jurisdiction. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> is a legal entity distinct from its owners and employees, and is afforded certain powers both by law and by its incorporating documents. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> may be either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>s or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a>s. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> organized in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a> is incorporated under the laws of a particular state, although it may be empowered to carry on activities in any state. Most American jurisdictions require that one of the words or abbreviations `corporation', `company', `incorporated', `corp', `co', or `inc' be included in the registered name of a corporation. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBMInc</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cycorp</a>. LegalCorporation legal corporation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a> is an organization intended to make profits, i.e. to make money for agents who own them. Note that not all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>s are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>es. For example, in a franchise <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>, while the parent company (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">parentCompany</a>) is regarded as a business, the sub-organizations are commercial organizations but not businesses. Also, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>es are typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>s, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>s need not be. business Business Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString incorporated business A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> is a relatively large (e.g., having at least several hundred employees) business corporation. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a>. LargeIncorporatedBusiness incorporated business A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> is a relatively large (e.g., having at least several hundred employees) business corporation. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a>. LargeIncorporatedBusiness incorporated business A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Business</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> is a relatively large (e.g., having at least several hundred employees) business corporation. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LargeIncorporatedBusiness</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUbpDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultinationalCorporation</a>. LargeIncorporatedBusiness