]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. CommodityProduct Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity. commodity commodities merchandise AgriculturalCommodity The collection of all agricultural commodities. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommodityProduct</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkKTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AgriculturalCommodity</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv93EfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionType</a>. agricultural commodity (SolidFn Iron) solid iron (SolidFn Titanium) solid titanium sodium All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of sodium; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Sodium (SolidFn Platinum) solid platinum food item An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodOrDrink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> is a particular portion of food of a type which can be, and habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the notion of eating is important; eating an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> will generally require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth (e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the bowl is normally "eaten" with a spoon; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw) from a glass. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a> provide calories and/or nutrients that humans or animals need. Food TextileArtifact textile <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextileArtifact</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleArtifact</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommodityProduct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextileArtifact</a> is a product made by spinning, weaving, knitting, wrapping, pressing, or other processes used to form fibers into usable materials such as cloth or linen. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextileArtifact</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkJCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cloth</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV0RxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cord_Textile</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVia8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Netting</a>. Calcium A metallic element, and one of the heavier instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIrv2DuxiQdaVSb11xsRi0A" class="cyc_term">AlkalineEarthMetalElementType</a>. calcium solid copper (SolidFn Copper) unprocessed uranium Uranium-Unprocessed petroleum A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>, petroleum is the crude oil that is usually pumped from the ground and used to make gasoline, petrochemicals, plastics, etc. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQr1JJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PetroleumProduct</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvlvNSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PetroleumProduct_Refined</a>. Petroleum-CrudeOil lead A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of lead; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Lead Bismuth BismuthStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of bismuth; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. bismuth antimony AntimonyStuff. A piece (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of antimony; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. Antimony The collection of all precious metal. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVisOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Metal</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rnqd_xD2eQdmF-uqicjZj2w" class="cyc_term">InvestmentVehicle</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwUnQqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreciousMetal</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommodityProduct</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. PreciousMetal precious metal (SolidFn Silver) solid silver (SolidFn Gold) solid gold Iron iron All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of iron; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form. copper Copper A piece of copper; usually -- but by no means necessarily -- in solid form. oil Oil An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a> is a portion of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic (i.e., _not_ readily soluble in water) liquid hydrocarbon. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjdrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CookingOil</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVijH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeatingOil</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Petroleum_CrudeOil</a>. The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection CommodityProduct Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity. commodity CommodityProduct Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity. commodity Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString CommodityProduct Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity. commodity The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the #$KRAKEN application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a> is a collection that corresponds to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>) used by people. In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement or custom, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the category. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s include categories in biological taxonomy, standard classifications in data dictionaries and thesauri, cultural taboo classes, military doctrinal classes, and named calendar intervals. ConventionalClassificationType conventional classification type type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType CommodityProduct Commodities are those products for which the only relevant data are the quantity and the price (and possibly the location). That is, their quality is completely specified or describable in standardized terminology. Thus, fashion clothing is not a commodity, since opinions on it vary, whereas grade A extra large eggs are. The collection of all eggs is covered by various collections that are commodities, but is not itself an instance of commodity. commodity