]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. biological phylum BiologicalPhylum The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a> if present) for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. The other elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> have divisions belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum). phyla biological phyla phylum mollusk Mollusk The collection of all mollusks. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Invertebrate</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvorTJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Coelomate</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mollusk</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>. arthropod Arthropod A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Invertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arthropod</a> is a member of a species whose members are typically chitin-armored invertebrates with jointed bodies and limbs. Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi495wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Insect</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVizJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crustacean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Arachnid</a>. The collection of all lophophorates. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxM8qZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lophophorata</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>. Lophophorata lophophorate Annelida This is the collection of segmented worms. It includes earthworms. segmented worm This is the collection of (individual) animals in the phylum Rotifera. The rotifers derive their name from the characteristic ciliated crown or corona, found at the anterior end of the animal which, when beating, gives the impression of rotating wheels. Rotifera rotifer Bacteroidetes-Phylum The Bacteriodetes phylum in the bacteria kingdom. Bacteroidetes chordate ChordataPhylum An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a> contains the many chordate taxa. All chordate taxa have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a> has as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">taxonMembers</a> all the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus. echinoderm Echinodermata This is the collection of (individual) animals in the phylum Echinodermata. It includes starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars. Echinoderms are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvorTJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Coelomate</a>s. Fusobacteria-Phylum Fusobacteria The <i>Fusobacteria</i> phylum in the bacteria kingdom. DivisionConiferophyta coniferophyta The collection of all coniferophyta. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>. Platyhelminthes An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>, containing several taxa, commonly called flatworms. These are aceolomate triplobastic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>s. Many are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdW_tpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ParasiticOrganism</a>s. <font color="#ff0000">#$Planeria</font> is a well known example of a non-parasitic genus within Platyhelminthes. platyhelminthes proteobacteria phylum The Proteobacteria phylum of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a> (q.v.). ProteobacteriaPhylum Porifera This is the collection of (individual) animals in the phylum Porifera. Porifera is the phylum of animalia that contains animals such as sponges that have porous bodies and contain no true tissues. poriferan nematode Nematode Nematodes are microscopic worms that cause eighty billion dollars of crop loss in the world each year. Nematodes constitute one of the most important and abundant groups within the animal kingdom and are highly capable of surviving in any environment. In general, nematodes have slender, cylindrical, non-segmented bodies tapering towards the head and tail, but females of some of the plant-parasitic species assume varying forms, such as pear, lemon or kidney shapes. They are called plant-parasitic because of the nutrients they get from plants and have a needle-like structure called stylet, which is used to pierce plant cells to get food. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rviPYH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionTypeType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxonType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> (q.v.). Notable instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxonType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalClass</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjLLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalFamily</a>. BiologicalTaxonType type of biological taxon A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a> (q.v.). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> correspond to ranked categories accepted by biologists for the classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships. Such categories change as biologists learn more about the organisms involved and determine that existing classifications are more or less useful. They include all levels of taxons. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjjKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalOrder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a>; instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marsupial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVicmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ape</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViNxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxonType</a>. BiologicalTaxon taxonomic group biological phylum BiologicalPhylum The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a> if present) for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. The other elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> have divisions belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum). biological phylum BiologicalPhylum The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a> if present) for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. The other elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> have divisions belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum). biological phylum BiologicalPhylum The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a> if present) for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. The other elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> have divisions belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum). biology-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQs2412xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Biology_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of biology. Biology-Topic biological phylum BiologicalPhylum The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a> if present) for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. The other elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> have divisions belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum). Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString