]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. CommunicationProtocol communication protocol The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>s which are actual standards or protocols; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocol communication protocols NetworkProtocol <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a> is the collection of all protocols for communication over computer networks. Many of the protocols governing communication over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> find expression in so called "Request For Comment" documents (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwL2Ud5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RequestForComments_Internet</a>). network protocol digital subscriber line DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a general technology which brings high-bandwidth information (soon up to 6.1 megabits/second) over normal copper telephone wire, which enables the transmission of motion video and audio. DSL has several variations: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvc0WLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine</a> (ADSL), HDSL, and RADSL. DSL is expected to replace ISDN in the near future. DigitalSubscriberLine transmit protocol TransmitProtocol The collection of all transmit protocols. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationProtocol</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rxo_VAfHDEdaO6gABAkLVdg" class="cyc_term">MachineProtocol</a>. SmallComputerSystemInterfaceProtocol SCSI The collection of SCSI protocols for interfaces between computers and peripherals. There are currently three instances, referred to as SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and SCSI-3. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationProtocol</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rxo_VAfHDEdaO6gABAkLVdg" class="cyc_term">MachineProtocol</a>. ReceiveProtocol receive protocol MIMEStandard MIME, the Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions, is a freely available set of specifications that offers a way to interchange text in languages with different character sets, and multi-media e-mail among many different computer systems that use Internet mail standards. MIME FireWire is a cross-platform implementation of the high-speed serial data bus -- defined by IEEE Standard 1394-1995 -- that can move large amounts of data between computers and peripheral devices. It features simplified cabling, hot swapping, and transfer speeds of up to 400 megabits per second. FireWire speeds up the movement of multimedia data and large files and enables the connection of digital consumer products -- including digital camcorders, digital video tapes, DVD players, set-top boxes, and music systems -- directly to a personal computer. Firewire Firewire-TheProtocol Lightweight Directory Access Protocol A protocol for updating and searching on-line directory services over <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. LDAP defines a directory format that arranges entries containing email addresses, photographs, and other information about individuals (whether they are in stand-alone directory servers or in X.500 directories) in a hierarchical tree structure. These directories can be accessed over the Internet to retrieve information or edit information that the user has access to. Large organizations such as universities use LDAP for online 'phone books' containing publicly available information about students and staff. LightweightDirectoryAccessProtocol X Display Manager Control Protocol XDisplayManagerControlProtocol A standard computer code used to facilitate the interchange of information among various types of data-processing equipment. ASCII ASCII The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWMny5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWebStandard</a> specifies the protocols and formats for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a> communications. It includes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwB8IMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WebPage_AIS</a> addressing scheme, and a language (an SGML DTD) called HTML (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWVukJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HypertextMarkupLanguage</a>) for describing the contents of an information source or document. WorldWideWebStandard World Wide Web Standard A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVib1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Specification</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductStandard</a> is a precise description applied to the instances of a particular instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>. Manufacturers of that product type agree explicitly or in practice, or they may obey a government requirement, to make product designs following the specifications stated in the standard, so that products within the type will all have certain features in common. For example, telephones and television sets fulfil certain product standards. The resultant interchangeability allows compatibility with other devices and products, with public utilities, commercial trading expectations, and government purchasing requirements. ProductStandard product standard CommunicationConvention The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping. Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people. coding system CommunicationProtocol communication protocol The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>s which are actual standards or protocols; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. CommunicationProtocol communication protocol The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>s which are actual standards or protocols; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString CommunicationProtocol communication protocol The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>s which are actual standards or protocols; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. CommunicationProtocol communication protocol The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a>s which are actual standards or protocols; for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWLk_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TCP_IP</a>. type of temporally stuff-like thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TemporalStuffType