]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic pianos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano upright piano UprightPiano Collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Piano_Acoustic</a> in which the frame on which the piano strings are strung is vertical. GrandPiano grand piano Collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Piano_Acoustic</a> in which the frame in which the pianos strings are mounted is held horizontally, often with the strings fanning out. Such pianos are often equipped with a lid which, when raised, amplifies the sound. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object ManufacturedGoods product The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s that are made or processed in large-scale industrial operations for distribution (normally sale) to agents outside the manufacturing organization. This includes manufactured stuff, e.g. Finlandia vodka; refined ore, e.g. iron; otherwise procesed natural material, e.g. cut diamonds, as well as manufactured objects. This collection excludes handicrafts; privately made stuff, e.g. moonshine; and other artifacts produced by one or a few people on a small scale. product type The collection of all types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> things that are usually/frequently commercially manufactured. This is context dependent. ManufacturedGoodsType piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic Musical instruments which are struck to produce a sound. PercussionInstrument percussion instrument Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic kind of artifact not distinguished by brand or model An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO3H5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ" class="cyc_term">ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s grouped together according to some feature(s) other than brand or model. ArtifactTypeByGenericCategory piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic Keyboard-MusicalInstrument Instances of this collection are musical instruments which are played by means of a standard musical keyboard. In cases where such instances are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a>, the instance will also be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StringInstrument</a>: paradigm cases are the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, where striking a key causes a string to be plucked, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViiWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Piano_Acoustic</a>, where striking a key causes a string to be hammered. However, since the advent of the electronic age, many kinds of electronic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a> have been produced which are not stringed instruments. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1BJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicMusicalKeyboard</a>. music keyboard FurniturePiece furniture A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkHdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanOccupationConstructObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FurniturePiece</a> is a durable artifact of a type that is typically used in human dwellings (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanShelterConstruction</a>) to make them more comfortable. Many useful specializations of this collection can be classified according to the main function their instances serve. Such functions include: (i) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bed_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FootStool</a>), (ii) providing work or activity surfaces (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Desk_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DiningRoomTable</a>), (iii) providing organized or protective storage for one's belongings (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjekJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dresser_PieceOfFurniture</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjou5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bookcase</a>), and (iv) providing illumination (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjeTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectricLamp</a>). Most pieces of furniture are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkEHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPoweredDevice</a>s (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to serve their function; but of course there are plenty of exceptions to this, such as electric lamps, console TVs, and hospital beds. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjQHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FurniturePiece</a> only includes _whole_ pieces of furniture; e.g. a sofa is an instance, but an arm of a sofa is not. piano Instances of this collection are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu5fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MusicalInstrument_Acoustic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Keyboard_MusicalInstrument</a>. All have the feature that depressing one of the keys entrains a mechanical process whereby a string of taut piano wire is hammered, producing a vibration that is audible as a musical tone. For this reason instances are also properly considered instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViS45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PercussionInstrument</a>. A similar process occurs in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, with the signal difference being that in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWOxBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harpsichord</a>, the strings are plucked, not hit. Piano-Acoustic A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType