]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate craniate vertebrates craniates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate the union of { cetaceans, fish } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Cetacean Fish)) amphibian A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmJ4oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Poikilotherm</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amphibian</a> isa a cold-blodded and smooth-skinned vertebrate that hatches from an egg to form an aquatic larva (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>), which then metamorphoses into an air-breathing adult (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a>). Important subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Frog</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salamander</a>. Amphibian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a> is a vertebrate that usually respires by breathing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjADJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Air</a> during adult life. Includes individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>s, and most <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amphibian</a>s. Most <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a>s are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerrestrialOrganism</a>s, but some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViXFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AquaticOrganism</a>s breathe air (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjcKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Whale</a>s, etc.). All <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvfJwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AirBreathingVertebrate</a>s have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lung</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratoryTract</a>s. air-breathing vertebrate AirBreathingVertebrate clarifying collection type ClarifyingCollectionType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are collections that are usefully invoked for purposes of resolving ambiguity and confusion that arise from the use of non-perspicuous languages. Suppose a human or other intelligent agent uses a language, such as a natural language, that is rife with ambiguity, and uses a word WORD of that language whose intended reference is unclear: in the context WORD might refer to THING1 or to THING2, but not both. One strategy for resolving this ambiguity is to find properties of THING1 and THING2, say P1 and P2, that distinguish them from one another, and ask the speaker whether by "WORD," s/he intended to refer to something with P1, or to something with P2. For example, the speaker might use the word "bank," and in response one might ask whether a financial institution or a piece of shoreline was meant. Clearly, what values of P1 and P2 are chosen cannot be arbitrary; asking whether the speaker meant to refer to a multi-individual agent versus a non-agentive place is not as effective as asking the speaker to choose between the "financial institution" and "shoreline" interpretations described above. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> just are those collections -- such as the collection of financial institutions -- that might plausibly be invoked to resolve cases of ambiguity of the kind described here. In particular, suppose TYPE1 is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> and TYPE2 is not, and THING is an instance of both TYPE1 and TYPE2. The fact that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> TYPE1 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a>) is a reason to prefer TYPE1 over TYPE2 when calculating possible clarifying properties for THING. bilaterally symmetric object BilaterallySymmetricObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro5wCxPfVEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">AxisymmetricObject</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BilaterallySymmetricObject</a> is a (tangible or intangible) spatial object that is symmetric with respect to some bisecting straight line (if the object is planar) or plane (if it's non-planar). In this context, symmetric means that the line or plane divides the object into two equal halves with the same shape (or mirror-image shapes). For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rmSmWUM7yEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Circle</a>, an isosceles <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Triangle</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwzSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cone</a>, and a human body are all bilaterally symmetric objects. If a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi5S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BilaterallySymmetricObject</a> <code>OBJ</code> is a one- or two-dimensional planar region, then any bisecting line with respect to which <code>OBJ</code> is symmetric is an axis of symmetry (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r4BM6CvVqEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">symmetricAxes</a>) of <code>OBJ</code>. If <code>OBJ</code> is a two- or three-dimensional non-planar object that is symmetric with respect to a bisecting plane <code>PLANE</code>, then any straight line with respect to which the space-region intersection of <code>OBJ</code> and <code>PLANE</code> is symmetric is itself an axis of symmetry of <code>OBJ</code>. Thus, a circle has an infinite number of axes of symmetry (viz. any straight line that intersects the circle and passes through its center); an isosceles triangle has exactly one axis of symmetry; a cone has at least one axis of symmetry; and a human body has no axis of symmetry (though it does have three <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r-y7_GvfZEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">objectAxes</a> (q.v.)). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkG_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RadiallySymmetricObject</a>. vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm biological subphylum BiologicalSubphylum A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a>s that is more restrictive than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>. All instances of a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLYiK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubspecies</a> have significant traits or collections of traits in common which are not shared by all other members of the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a>. chordate ChordataPhylum An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a> contains the many chordate taxa. All chordate taxa have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a> has as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjj7pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">taxonMembers</a> all the specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> (including <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus. vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>, the collection of all animals which have a mind and are capable of conscious thought, or at least are best treated as such if you have to deal with them. sentient animal SentientAnimal Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate hexalateral object A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSPlAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HexalateralObject</a> is an object with a well-defined front, back, left, right, top, and bottom. These sides are considered to be intrinsic to the object and do not vary as the object changes position. Any object which is an instance of two different specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAiFbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSPlAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HexalateralObject</a> as a matter of definition -- e.g. if an object's front and back can be distinguished and its left side can be distinguished from its right, then it also has a well-defined bottom and top. See also comments for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAiFbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BilateralObject</a> and for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdSKVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FrontAndBackSidedObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrnUJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LeftAndRightSidedObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmLypJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a>. HexalateralObject vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType AnimalByTaxonomicPhylumWithSamples-Biology-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. animal by taxonomic phylum with samples biology topic vertebrate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChordataPhylum</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vertebrate</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mammal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reptile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8SJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bird</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjfU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fish</a>. Vertebrate