]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. computer network A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. ComputerNetwork networks network computer networks nets net http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network account system AccountSystem <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> is a computational system which is such that users must log on to it to make use of it. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> can consist of one or many nodes (i.e. computers). Each node in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> shares a given set of accounts with any other nodes in that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> (such that someone with an account can log in at any node). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvw_3qpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nodeInAccountSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv5XDx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">accountForSystem</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9Or85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAccount</a>. The collection of groups of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>s which are protected by a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvvTXEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallProgram</a>. enclave computer Enclave-Computer ring network RingNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a ring topology. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>, each computer attaches to two other computers, forming a ring of computers. bus network BusNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a bus topology. Ethernet networks are generally bus networks. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, all computers attach to a central cable, called a bus or backbone. SuperPeerNetwork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. In a super-peer network, a number of computers, "peers" communicate with a single computer, which communicates with a number of "super-peer" computers, each of which has its own set of peers that communicate with it. super peer network A kind of network in which computers nearby to one another interconnect. Where the interconnection makes use of internet technology such as TCP/IP and web servers, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBURcnpqZEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">Intranet</a>. LocalAreaNetwork local area network The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>s that connect instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> BackboneNetwork backbone WideAreaNetwork A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> in which computers separated by substantial distances interconnect. Because of the substantial distances involved, the connections will often involve telephone lines, underground cables or satellites. Contrast this collection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjB-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAreaNetwork</a> (LAN). Often, the computers in an LAN will all be in the same building whereas those in a wide area network (WAN) will always span more than one building. WAN EtherTalk A kind of network via which Macintosh computers may interconnect. EtherTalkNetwork A computer network that is within a business. All the computers on the network are controlled by the business that owns the network. internal corporate network InternalBusinessNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> is an attribute of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. In many cases an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> because it has a vulnerable computer in the network. network vulnerability NetworkVulnerability <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a star topology. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a>, all computers attach to a central computer, called a hub. StarNetwork star network GullibleUsersPresent gullible users present <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ripfq-HS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">GullibleUsersPresent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4re7g70nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetworkBySecurityEnvironment</a>. Systems that have this attribute are generally susceptible to being compromised by deceptive malefactors. Internet An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. (The) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> is a global computer network which enables those connected to perform a variety of information transfer and manipulation actions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhx2A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetServiceProvider</a>. the Internet NIPRNet NIPRNet-PathSystem The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvril6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NIPRNet_PathSystem</a> is the Unclassified but Sensitive Internet Protocol Router Network that is the subset of connections on the internet that have been accredited by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) as meeting certain security standards. Unified and Specified Commands, Services, and Defense Agencies are required to use the NIPRNet for all unclassified long haul data communications including connection to the global <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> and are, therefore, required to apply for connection to the NIPRNet. SIPRNet-PathSystem SIPRNet The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network that is the subset of connections on the internet that have been accredited by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) as meeting certain security standards. computer network ComputerNetwork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object computational system A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. ComputationalSystem system of devices SystemOfDevices This collection involves instances which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>s which interact and are connected in some sort of network. Positive examples include a computer system, a telephone system, a plumbing system. Negative examples include instances of simple tools, such as a screwdriver or a hammer, which have discrete connected parts, but whose parts do not interact in any complicated way. Another negative example is a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Telephone</a>. In a context of naive familiarity with the device, the telephone is not a system because its parts do not form an obvious network. computer network ComputerNetwork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwO5aw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CustomarySystemOfLinks</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> is an artificial system consisting of several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a> (q.v.). Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWYrXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoadSystem</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj9aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SewerSystem</a> constructed route system PathArtifactSystem computer network ComputerNetwork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString computer network ComputerNetwork A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. The collection of all customary or conventional network systems consisting of interconnected links (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>) and nodes intended primarily to be capable for use in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>s. CustomarySystemOfLinks-Comm communications system DurableGood A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a> is a solid thing that an agent can, and under normal conditions will, use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvk3sS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Clothing_Generic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ship</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyNjbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Roadway</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj7KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Building</a>. consumer durable A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type