]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. plain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. Plain-Topographical plains grassland Grassland A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwe0vmnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">GrassyRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgEAo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Grassland</a> is a grassy region with deep, rich soil and few trees or shrubs. tundra Tundra A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvV83uJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PermaFrostRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuOEAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tundra</a> is a treeless plain characterized by year-round low temerature and a short growing season. The subsoil of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuOEAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tundra</a> is permafrost. Vegetation is predominantly grasses, mosses, lichens, rushes, and very few other forms of plant life. Mare-Lunar The collection of topographical features where each element is a large circular plain on Earth's moon. mare lunar plain LunarPlain The collection of small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a>s which appear on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjWEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoonOfEarth</a>. (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet UnderwaterLocation Plain-Topographical)) member of { underwaters, plains } The geographical region north of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Attica</a> in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi8BJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Greece</a>. Boeotia Boeotia Aetolia Aetolia The geographical region west of Beoetia and north of the Peloponese. Attica The Attic Plain in Greece at various times thoughout history. Attica NaturalThing The notoriously hard to define collection of &quot;natural&quot; things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. natural thing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> are regions that are level, without substantial hills FlatRegion flat terrain <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm plain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. Plain-Topographical plain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. Plain-Topographical plain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. Plain-Topographical natural feature type NaturalFeatureType <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which naturally occur on the surface of the Earth. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for feature types which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s. plain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. Plain-Topographical Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. Note that this collection <i>includes</i> features that are covered by bodies of water, snow, or ice. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKjXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crater</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkLu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Continent</a>. Instances include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjt7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArabianPeninsula</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPuYTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountZion</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVid-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SanAndreasFault</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatSmokyMountains</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JavaTrench</a>. LandTopographicalFeature land topographical feature ExistingStuffType type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <p/> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>STUFFTYPE</b> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code> and (ii) for all instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for most proper physical parts <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>. <p/> For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVimxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections <font color="#ff0000">#$AppleJuice</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj1EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCaCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>.