]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is a collection all of whose instances are organisms that share a specific variety and level of biological and/or social development. For example, one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a>, which has as its instances all human children. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloweryPlant</a>, and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqsYpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialSporeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a>). LifeStageType type of life stage types of life stage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWPoRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisjointCollectionType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvmoCyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalTypeByMaturity</a> has as its only instances <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBnMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AdultAnimal</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwgqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JuvenileAnimal</a>. This collection-type strictly facets (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a>. AnimalTypeByMaturity type of animal classified by maturity A collection of collections. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvw00wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanTypeByLifeStageType</a> is the collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> that are each collections of humans of a single age group. This collection exists to make it easier to refer specifically to that dimension or facet of a human being's behavior, attitudes, and beliefs (culture) which derives from, or is influenced by, its life stage. type of person classified by life stage HumanTypeByLifeStageType (BacterialSporeFn Anthrax-Bacterium) anthrax spore (FruitFn CranberryBush) The collection of all cranberries. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. cranberry A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a>. Each instance of this collection is a human less than 35 years of age. This collection is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OldHuman</a> -- the collection of humans more than 60 years of age. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQtmz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YoungHuman</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViQtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanTeenager</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVibepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanYoungAdult</a>. young human YoungHuman plum (FruitFn PlumTree) The collection of individual plums. (BacterialSporeFn TheNCModifier) the modifier in a noun compound spores (FruitFn OkraPlant) The collection of all okra. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. okra Spore-DormantBacterium The collection of bacterial spores. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a> is the product of sporulation - when in a hostile environment, some bacteria, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvropZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SporeFormingBacterium</a>, become dormant in order to survive. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>s are well resistant to heat, chemicals and radiation. In certain conditions, they may last for years. Spores can germinate into a single new vegetative cell, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwTsoMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialSporeGermination</a>, when environment is favorable. Do not confuse bacterial spores with spores of certain plants or fungi, for these later see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_PlantLifeStage</a>. bacterial spore The collection of all African oil palm fruits, from which palm oil is derived. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn AfricanOilPalm) African oil palm fruit macadamia nut (FruitFn MacadamiaTree) (FruitFn MangoTree) mango The collection of individual mangos. The collection of individual Pineapples. pineapple (FruitFn PineapplePlant) lime The collection of individual limes. (FruitFn LimeTree) (FruitFn AppleTree) The collection of individual apples. apple (FruitFn CucumberPlant) cucumber The collection of all cucumbers (fruits of cucumber plants). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. orange The collection of individual oranges. (FruitFn OrangeTree) (FruitFn VanillaOrchid) vanilla bean Known as vanilla beans"; the fruit of the vanilla orchid, rich in vanillin which is extracted to be used as a flavoring. pumpkin The collection of all pumpkins. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn PumpkinPlant) apricot (FruitFn ApricotTree) (FruitFn GrapefruitTree) grapefruit The collection of all grapefruit. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjoZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CitrusFruit</a>. watermelon The collection of all watermelons. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn WatermelonPlant) sesame seed SesameSeed The seed of a sesame plant. (FruitFn CoconutPalm) coconut The collection of individual fruits of the coconut palm; contain single large seeds which are coconuts. (FruitFn FilbertTree) cobnut The collection of all cobnuts (fruit of the filbert tree). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn LemonTree) lemon The collection of individual Lemons. cantaloupe (FruitFn CantaloupePlant) The collection of all cantaloupes. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGd1xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Muskmelon</a>. (FruitFn BreadfruitTree) breadfruit The collection of individual Breadfruits. (FruitFn PomegranateTree) The collection of all pomegranates. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. . pomegranate banana The collection of individual bananas. (FruitFn BananaTree) newborn animal NewbornAnimal An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQwgqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JuvenileAnimal</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFtoVcay4EdeWtwACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NewbornAnimal</a> is the collection of all animals that are newly born. The seed of a legume plant. edible legume seed EdibleLegumeSeed The fruit of the flax plant; a capsule containing about 10 flax seeds, or linseeds. (FruitFn FlaxPlant) flax fruit The collection of all walnuts. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nut_TheFruit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleNut</a>. (FruitFn WalnutTree) walnut ripe fruit The stage of a fruit when it is ripe. SOme ripe fruits are fleshy and have a high sugar, starch, or oil content; some are dry and may be ready to break apart to release the seeds contained within. RipeFruit Spore-PlantLifeStage plant spore A (usually) haploid cell which is the product of meiosis in plants. Spores develop into gametophytes. embryo A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a>. Each instance of this collection is a not yet fully-formed organism -- such as a mammal before birth, a bird before hatching, and a plant before sprouting from its seed. (Thus note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> does not correspond exactly with the meaning of the English word 'embryo'.) Note also that in mammals the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Embryo</a> is not the same as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>, since it includes all tissue that has decended from the fertilized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi9ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ovum</a>, including the fetal part of the Placenta (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHs435wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Placenta_FetalPortion</a>), the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvhvjtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmnioticSac</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyewDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UmbilicalCord</a>, as well as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZfC2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fetus</a>. Embryo (FruitFn BlueberryBush) blueberry The collection of all blueberries. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>. maggot The collection of all maggots. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fly_Insect</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1q1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Maggot</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>. Maggot (FruitFn PeachTree) The collection of all peaches. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpimL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StoneFruit</a>. peach squash (FruitFn SquashPlant) The collection of all squashes. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. The collection of all gourds. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. gourd (FruitFn GourdPlant) The collection of all zucchinis. A type of squash. (FruitFn ZucchiniPlant) zucchini FloweryPlant flower A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloweringPlant</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloweryPlant</a> is a flowering plant that is actually and visibly in bloom (i.e. has flowers showing). This collection includes both bushes and trees with visible flowers. (FruitFn HoneydewMelonPlant) honeydew The collection of all honeydews. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwGd1xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Muskmelon</a>. CocoaBean-TheSeed cocoa bean The seed of a cacao tree. Prune prune The collection of individual prunes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Prune</a> is to (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvaSampwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlumTree</a>) as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjxg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Raisin</a> is to (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVixlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GrapeVine</a>). The collection of all eggplants. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn EggplantPlant) eggplant black peppercorn BlackPeppercorn The single-seeded fruit of the black pepper vine. when dried, it can be ground up and used as a flavoring. Gametophyte <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gametophyte</a>s are the haploid, gamete-producing life stage in the plant reproductive life cycle. In plants, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcE0X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meiosis</a> produces spores [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_PlantLifeStage</a>], which develop into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gametophyte</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gametophyte</a>s produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfk5a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gamete</a>s, which fuse to form a #$Zygote, which develops into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJYKpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sporophyte</a>, which produces spores by meiosis, etc. gametophyte Seed seed A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4Gu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlantBLO</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seed</a> is a small nodule or granule consisting of a young angiosperm and its protective container during the early (zygotic and embryonic stages) of development. If conditions are right, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seed</a> will grow to become adult plants. Sporophytes are the diploid, spore-producing life stage in the plant reproductive life cycle. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcE0X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meiosis</a> occurs in the reproductive tissues of the sporophyte generation, producing spores [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjuIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_PlantLifeStage</a>], which develop into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gametophyte</a>s. Gametophytes produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvfk5a5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gamete</a>s, which fuse to form a #$Zygote, which develops into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJYKpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sporophyte</a>, etc. In the seed plants (which include flowering plants and conifers) and ferns, what we recognize as the plant is the sporophyte generation. The gametophyte generation is quite small and parasitic on the sporophyte. sporophyte Sporophyte strawberry The collection of all strawberries. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>. (FruitFn StrawberryPlant) kiwifruit (FruitFn KiwifruitVine) The collection of all kiwifruits. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. PollenGrain pollen grain The angiosperm male gametophyte. It is released by the anthers when mature, is transported to a stigma by wind, animal vectors or to the stigma of its own flower by gravity, where it may germinate, send a tube down through the female tissues and discharge sperm cells in the vicinity of the female gamete where fertilization may take place. raspberry (FruitFn RaspberryPlant) (FruitFn DatePalm) The collection of individual dates. date Larva The stage of a metamorphic insect immediately after hatching, during which it is wingless and often wormlike. larva A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjub5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlantPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a> is a plant structure containing the seeds of an angiosperm. Many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a> have fleshy walls with high concentrations of sugars or fats, and these are often eaten by humans and other animals. Fruits usually develop from the ovary wall, although some fruits include other tissues; e.g., the flesh of apples and of strawberries develops from the receptacle, and the fruits of pineapple and fig develop from a whole inflorescence (group of flowers). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>. fruit Fruit almond The collection of all almonds. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nut_TheFruit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleNut</a>. (FruitFn AlmondTree) Bacteria which are not in the state of being <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>s are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwSAy8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetativeCell</a>s. This is the usual life of the cell when it is metabolizing. VegetativeCell vegetative cell (FruitFn OliveTree) olive The collection of all olives. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a>.. A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZOlyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalStageOfDevelopment</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pupa</a> is a stage during which a metamorphic insect such as a butterfly changes its form from the larval to the adult stage. pupa Pupa (FruitFn PearTree) The collection of all pears. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjllZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleFruit</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ry6EklHS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Smooth</a>. pear (FruitFn PepperPlant) pepper The collection of all peppers (fruits of pepper plants). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. Clostridium botulinum spores The collection of all Clostridium botulinum spores. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwD2qv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClostridiumBotulinum_Species</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>. (BacterialSporeFn ClostridiumBotulinum-Species) cherry The collection of all cherries (fruits of cherry trees). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvpimL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StoneFruit</a>. (FruitFn CherryTree) The collection of individual Grapes. grape (FruitFn GrapeVine) (FruitFn SesamePlant) sesame fruit The fruits of the sesame plant; seeds inside are sesame seeds; fruits are dry when mature and dehisce [open up], releasing the seeds. Clove-TheFlowerBud The stage of the flower of the clove tree at which it is harvested to be used as a spice. clove (FruitFn BlackberryBush) blackberry (FruitFn NutmegTree) nutmeg fruit The fruit of the nutmeg tree, containing one nutmeg (the seed) and its associated mace-the spice (the aril of the seed). avocado The collection of all avocados (fruits of avocado trees). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn AvocadoTree) hazelnut (FruitFn HazelTree) minute, six-legged, reddish <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a> of the harvest <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVioppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mite</a>, one of various 'red bugs' widely distributed throughout the world and common in the S United States. Attaching itself by its mouthparts to the skin of its vertebrate host, the chigger injects saliva that destroys cells and may cause an intense irritation known as red-bug dermatitis. The food of the chigger consists of the cellular contents and tissue fluid of the host. Certain Asian species carry minute organisms (rickettsias) that cause scrub typhus, a disease of humans. chigger Chigger Coconut-TheSeed The seed of the coconut palm; one of the largest seeds any plant produces, it has a woody seed coat and a liquid endosperm, which is called coconut milk. coconut cereal (FruitFn CerealPlant) The collection of all cereal. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. melon (FruitFn MelonPlant) The collection of all melons. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. seedling A subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj_ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seedling</a> is the collection of all growing plants in the stage after germination but before primary development. The seedling stage begins with the rupture of the seed coat and ends at the vague time that the growing plant is 'well established'. Seedling (FruitFn LycheeTree) The collection of all lychees. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. lychee (FruitFn FigTree) fig The collection of individual Figs. The collection of all tomatoes. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjl1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fruit</a>. (FruitFn TomatoPlant) tomato Imago imago A collection of stages in the lives of individual organisms; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvZOlyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalStageOfDevelopment</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCB2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Imago</a> is a metamorphic insect during its adult stage. The collection of all chestnuts (nuts of chestnut trees). A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjVC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nut_TheFruit</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleNut</a>. chestnut (FruitFn ChestnutTree) The collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>, that is, of all collections of (first-order) collections, and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHUFI8h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">ThirdOrderCollection</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> are collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>s. Any instance of any instance of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. SecondOrderCollection second-order Cyc collection A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. LifeStages-Social-Topic life stages social topic A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is a collection all of whose instances are organisms that share a specific variety and level of biological and/or social development. For example, one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a>, which has as its instances all human children. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloweryPlant</a>, and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqsYpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialSporeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a>). LifeStageType type of life stage AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is a collection all of whose instances are organisms that share a specific variety and level of biological and/or social development. For example, one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> is the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanChild</a>, which has as its instances all human children. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj6tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LifeStageType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQCBvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Larva</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVipFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloweryPlant</a>, and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvqsYpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialSporeFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNDvQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Anthrax_Bacterium</a>). LifeStageType type of life stage biology-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQs2412xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Biology_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of biology. Biology-Topic Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString