]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. <p/> <p/> <p/> Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font> (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>. magnitudes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_magnitude LevelOfPhysicalActivity physical activity level A collection of attributes. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfPhysicalActivity</a> denote the various intensities of physical effort with which agents perform activities. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfPhysicalActivity</a> includes levels of exertion represented by non-atomic terms (NATs) such as (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgDGhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HighAmountFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfPhysicalActivity</a>), as well as instances such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExtremePhysicalActivityLevel</a>. All of those intensities are treated as ordered intervals and must be related appropriately; see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> for more detail. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvyorqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GenericValueFunction</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkB05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalActivityLevel</a>. The attribute of being considered moderately glamorous, stylish, socially appealing. a medium level of glamour (MediumAmountFn Glamour) TensOfMinutesDuration tens of minutes Things that take some tens of minutes, i.e. from 10 to 90 minutes What most people have as individuals: the ability to affect the spending of a few thousand dollars and/or the course of a few dozen lives. (LowAmountFn SocialPower) a low level of pull BruisingPressure Pressure in an amount that would quickly bruise a human being; e.g., pressure of a blow or of a very heavy weight. bruising pressure SeveralHoursDuration several hourly A duration of from 6 to 18 hours An instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> (qq.v.) that is the interval of between 2 and 10 minutes duration. a few minutes AFewMinutesDuration Duration of a human lifetime. lifetime LifetimesDuration fracturing pressure Pressure in an amount that would fracture human bone; e.g., pressure of a hard blow, collision, or explosion. FracturingPressure a few centuries Duration of 2 to 10 centuries AFewCenturiesDuration heavy pressure Pressure in an amount that is at least uncomfortable and eventually painful to humans. HeavyPressure light pressure Pressure in an amount not uncomfortable or painful to humans when felt on most body parts; e.g., pressure of clothing that fits, of a gentle touch, or of mild winds. LightPressure No Change An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwThSbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfChange</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rf46jPuOUQdeBKPA5t_RLrw" class="cyc_term">NoChange</a> is the quantity of change that corresponds to no change at all. NoChange (MediumAmountFn SocialPower) a medium level of pull The degree of power exercised by, for example, a middle manager in a large corporation, or a city council member in a large US city. This might mean the ability to determine how many thousands of dollars are spent and/or to affect the lives of dozens or hundreds of people. AFewDaysDuration Duration of 2 to 10 days a few days Duration of 10 hours up to almost 2 days AboutADaysDuration day The attribute of being considered highly glamorous. a high level of glamour (HighAmountFn Glamour) a very low level of glamour The attribute of lacking glamor, of being unglamorous. (VeryLowAmountFn Glamour) a low level of glamour The attribute of being undistinguished in style, glamor, allure. (LowAmountFn Glamour) a few decades AFewDecadesDuration An instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> (qq.v.) that is the interval of between 2 and 10 decades duration. An instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> (qq.v.) that is the interval of between 2 and 30 seconds duration. AFewSecondsDuration a few seconds PositiveChange Positive Change An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwThSbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LevelOfChange</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgZlxlOOVQdeQW6qus3a2cA" class="cyc_term">PositiveChange</a> is the quantity of change that corresponds to any change in the positive direction from very little to very much. A few months 2-10 AFewMonthsDuration a few months Duration of 2 to 10 weeks a few weeks AFewWeeksDuration Pressure in an amount that is noticeable but not painful on most parts of the human body; e.g., weight of a daypack or a heavy winter coat. medium pressure MediumPressure Growing A generic attribute that applies to an entity which is increasing in size along some underspecified dimension (e.g. volume, length, etc.). growing ManyYearsDuration many years The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> of many years duration. (VeryHighAmountFn Glamour) a very high level of glamour The attribute of being considered very highly glamorous, appealing. For some, Madonna, for others, Cary Grant. a very low level of pull Powerlessness, the social effectiveness enjoyed by the the homeless, the chronically unemployed, and the mentally ill. (VeryLowAmountFn SocialPower) Pressure in an amount below human sensitivity to pressure. Humans do not detect pressures less than .85 g/mm.sq. ImperceptiblePressure imperceptible pressure reign The degree of social power exercised by those high in a national government or very high in a huge multinational corporation -- those people actually formulating plans and putting in motion policies that could determine how billions of dollars are spent and affect millions of lives. According to popular perception, persons with ImperialPower can pretty much achieve their social goals on a national or world scale, and they are `players' at the national and world level. (VeryHighAmountFn SocialPower) AFewYearsDuration a few yearly Duration of 2 to 10 years An instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> (qq.v.) that is the interval of between 2 and 10 hours duration. a few hours AFewHoursDuration elitism (HighAmountFn SocialPower) The degree of social power exercised by, for example, a highly-placed executive in a large corporation, or a highly placed official in a state government -- power over millions of dollars and/or with the ability to affect hundreds or thousands of lives. bracket A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLOwZCvkjQdea-sfI2QK3kQ" class="cyc_term">ScalarProperInterval</a> is a proper interval or range of numbers or quantities, as opposed to a single number or quantity (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a>). <p/> When a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfMeasure</a> is applied to a <i>pair</i> of distinct <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxwC-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Number_General</a>s, the result is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rSGNLQK45EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Quantity</a> that is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rLOwZCvkjQdea-sfI2QK3kQ" class="cyc_term">ScalarProperInterval</a>. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjRp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meter</a> 3 5) is the distance &quot;between 3 and 5 meters (inclusive)&quot; and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SecondsDuration</a> 10 100) is the duration &quot;between 10 and 100 seconds (inclusive)&quot;. <p/> Another sort of scalar proper interval is any instance of the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. ScalarProperInterval scalar intervals quantity topic ScalarIntervals-Quantity-Topic ObjectType The collection of all collections that are &quot;object-like&quot; in at least one respect. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is <i>not</i> itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>; when this happens <code><b>COL</b></code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code><b>PARTPRED</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<b>PARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> hold. (Also sufficient for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code><b>INVPARTPRED</b></code> of the <i>inverse</i> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(<b>INVPARTPRED</b> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>OBJ1</b>)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code><b>COL</b></code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in <i>nearly</i> all cases, <code><b>COL</b></code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code><b>COL</b></code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (<i>ANECT</i>) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code><b>COL</b></code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code><b>INST</b></code> of <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> essentially (i.e. <code><b>INST</b></code> is an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code><b>COL</b></code>. <p/> Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: <p/> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> <i>TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers</i>)) <p/> This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not <i>necessarily</i> true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. <p/> When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. <p/> Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. <p/> <p/> <p/> Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font> (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. <p/> <p/> <p/> Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font> (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>. magnitude OrderOfMagnitudeInterval <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties. The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds. Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property. For example, for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViez5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewSecondsDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViZ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewMinutesDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj97ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewHoursDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjd-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewWeeksDuration</a>, etc. Note that orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities. <p/> <p/> <p/> Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it). That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a> which are also instances of the same type of <font color="#ff0000">#$AttributeValue</font> (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjb5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mass</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViYGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Density</a>), then one is negligible with respect to the other. To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a> of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViij5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negligibleWRT</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViSr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">followingValue</a>. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrderOfMagnitudeInterval</a>. For example, two days -- in Cyc, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a> 2) -- has the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViWjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">orderOfMagnitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AFewDaysDuration</a>.