]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. painting Painting-ArtForm The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) paintings OilPaintings as representational art forms OilPainting oil painting watercolor WaterColorPaintings as representational art forms WaterColorPainting body painting The collection of all body paintings [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>] as representational art forms Bodypainting AcrylicPainting acrylic painting AcrylicPaintings as representational art forms The collection of all religious icons. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>. ReligiousIcon religious icon TemperaPainting tempera painting The collection of paintings made using tempera, a mixture of dry pigment and egg yolks, among other materials. Many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjGvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemperaPainting</a> were made using oil glazes in addition to tempera. Mural mural The collection of all mural paintings [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>] as a representational art form. Artist's rendition of a stegosaurus stenops, with a glow-in-the-dark skeleton Dinosauria Stegosaurid DinosauriaStegosaurid Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting depicting the Last Supper of Christ and his disciples. Da Vinci's "Last Supper" LastSupperMural HomoRoboticus-Painting Homo Roboticus Painting graphic A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>. Instances of this collection are approximately 2-dimensional spatial objects that are the sources (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r_8EsfGEIEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">imageSource</a>) of still images (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP1_opwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImage</a>). This collection includes many specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwFG3m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TwoDimensionalArtObject</a>, such as paintings (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>), as well as spatial regions where a still visual image is displayed (such as the area on a wall where an image might be projected). Counter-examples include high-relief objects (sculptures), motion pictures, and text, though many graphics can include bits of text (and vice versa). Graphic-VisualIBT A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>s which are primarily two dimensional. Positive examples of subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjHfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Painting_ArtForm</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjXwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PenAndInkDrawing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP2EOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Engraving</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVis2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sculpture</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvrGTP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiteraryWork_CW</a>. TwoDimensionalArtObject two-dimensional art object painting The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) Painting-ArtForm painting The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) Painting-ArtForm Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The "collection-intersection" (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_W6CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a "hard" format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv_W6CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). painting The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) Painting-ArtForm A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType painting The collection of paintings as representational art forms. Paintings are tangible <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>s, consisting of pigment applied to some surface (usually flat, often rectangular and sheetlike) Painting-ArtForm