]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eardrum tympanic membranes tympana tympanic membrane ear drum tympanum eardrums ear drums The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum ear Ear The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum body part A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since they are not _parts_ of some living animal. AnimalBodyPart InternalAnimalBodyRegionType A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvxc48pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismConstituentType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rHrmSNDQ-QdmercrM6Bw1mg" class="cyc_term">InternalAnimalBodyRegionType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a> whose instances are, under normal circumstances, located completely within (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvuIDVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">in_ContCompletely</a>) the outer surface of an animal. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brain</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bone_BodyPart</a>. Non-instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Head_AnimalBodyPart</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkBpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wing_AnimalBodyPart</a>,and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4reD9GUO1TQdiOaOGRBoFR1w" class="cyc_term">UpperBody_Human</a>, which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rFRCrfjQ4QdmLuKByH71oGQ" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnimalBodyRegionType</a> (q.v.). internal animal body region type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a part of the internal anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CirculatorySystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEar</a>. internal body part InternalAnatomicalPart SheetOfSomeStuff sheet of some substance A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> is a partially tangible thing which (in its "intrinsic" shape -- see #$CurrentShapeVsIntrinsicShape) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc., has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions. Although each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> is a _continuous_ sheet, it may be penetrable, so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjKAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Screen_Mesh</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVia8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Netting</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgH-D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LaceCloth</a> are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> may be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPKnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Puddle</a> on a relatively flat surface (but not in a deep pothole) or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rv8G6fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AltoStratusCloud</a> would be instances of this collection. Note that being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> implies nothing about the current configuration of the instance; in particular, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> need not be perpetually lying flat. For example, aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjG1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetShapedObject</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString SymmetricAnatomicalPartType A collection of collections. Instances are types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">anatomicalParts</a> of bilaterally symmetrical organisms (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>) which occur in bilaterally symmetric pairs. This is not intended to include broader categories like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tooth</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjNoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rib_AnimalBodyPart</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVi_f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Finger</a>, but the specific parts of which the organism only has two (EyeTooth, FifthRib, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingFinger</a>). type of symmetric anatomical part The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum SolidTangibleThing solid object An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> is a piece of stuff possessing many of the properties that matter in a solid state (see the constant <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>) exhibits (although not all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a> are formally in a solid state). Instances have a shape independent from their container, and, when deformed with sufficient force (which may be small for weak, brittle materials or high for materials that deform easily), they break. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>s include: pieces of substances in a solid state of matter, such as ice cubes; solid mixtures like a quarter-dollar coin or a paper bag; and complex mixtures of biological origin that behave like solids, e.g., bone. Note that some pieces of matter that are formally in a solid state (for example, pieces of clay) are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>, since they do not readily break when deformed; for this reason, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>. Collections of the solid form of any type of stuff can be created using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPzX0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidFn</a> (q.v.). A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). spatially disjoint object type SpatiallyDisjointObjectType The tight thin skin inside the ear, which makes one hear the sound waves that beat against it eardrum Eardrum