]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar calendars LunarCalendar A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSystem</a>. Each instance is a calendar based on lunar cycles. lunar calendar JalaliCalendar Jalali Calendar The official Iranian <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSystem</a>, also called the "Khorshidi" calendar. The first <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMonth</a> is Farvardin and the first day is Norooz, the day of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQBn35IUhEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">VernalEquinox</a>. The fourth month starts on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8uFe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">JuneSolsticeDay</a>, the seventh on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQexstIUhEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">AutumnalEquinox</a>, and the tenth on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rYPM8uVe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DecemberSolsticeDay</a> The first 6 months are 31 days the next 5 months are 30 days, and the last month is 29 days with an extra day every 4 years. The calendar has an extra month every 13,000 years and is more accurate than the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkIX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GregorianCalendar</a> system. The official Hebrew <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSystem</a>. The day begins at sunset (6 p.m.) and the week has seven days only the last of which is named (Sabbath). New Year's Day (1 Tishri or Rosh Hashanah) occurs on the day the moon becomes visible in the month that includes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rQexstIUhEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">AutumnalEquinox</a>. The calendar has cycle of 19 years: twelve years of 12 months and seven years of 13 months, generally alternating 29 and 30 days. The 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of each cycle have 13 months (384 days) and the others 12 months (354 days). The years are numbered from the Jewish creation of the world (3761 BC) and are occasionally lengthened or shortened to meet certain rules. Jewish Calendar JewishCalendar The Gregorian calendar system, instituted by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. GregorianCalendar the Gregorian Calendar the Julian Calendar JulianCalendar The Julian calendar system, instituted by Julius Caesar in 45 B.C. Islamic calendar IslamicLunarCalendar An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjPhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarSystem</a>. It is a calendar based on solar cycles. SolarCalendar solar calendar calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a> is an agreed-upon or conventional classification system consisting of several <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s (q.v.). In such a system, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the classificatory categories. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>s include biological taxonomies, standard classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo systems, military doctrinal systems, and calendar systems. ClassificationSystem conventional classification system ObjectType The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. type of object Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem calendar A linguistic system for identifying days by means of unique dates. CalendarSystem