]> 2008/06/10 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2008 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Cliff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. cliff http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff bluffs drop-off drop-offs cliffs bluff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff NaturalThing The notoriously hard to define collection of "natural" things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. natural thing <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> means that <code>TERM2</code> is broader than <code>TERM1</code>, in an extremely general sense of "broader". For example, <code>TERM2</code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code>TERM1</code> if any of the following hold: <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that subsumes <code>TERM1</code>; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection that has <code>TERM1</code> as an instance; <code>TERM2</code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code>TERM1</code> as parts; <code>TERM2</code> has <code>TERM1</code> as a part; This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> TERM1 TERM2)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. BT broaderTerm A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rBrxsOnSuEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SlopeTypeByGradientLevel</a> (q.v.) and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rw4--UiTfQdeTAd3NPZMGfg" class="cyc_term">Slope_Topographical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> is a region with a slope so great as to be nearly (or absolutely) vertical. Examples include the faces of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a>s. Note the the slope (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwP-YcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">slopeOfRegion</a>) of a absolutely vertical region is actually infinite. Thus, such regions are better described in terms of the angles (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVir1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AngularDistance</a>) they make with the horizontal plane. We stipulate that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> makes a 75- to 90-degree angle with the horizontal. Slope-Vertical vertical slope A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ro3lluGJHQdiVxrZReHS-jQ" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> (q.v). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a> is a spatial thing which has a relatively permanent location. Thus, in a given microtheory, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a> is stationary with respect to the frame of reference of that microtheory. Place place An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r1VXe2u0OQdecMIjf41Hqrw" class="cyc_term">TerrainTypeByMilitaryClassification</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlPnqHO0SQdeG8JKGfllsLg" class="cyc_term">MinorTerrainFeature</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> that are considered "minor" for purposes of military operations. By definition, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rlPnqHO0SQdeG8JKGfllsLg" class="cyc_term">MinorTerrainFeature</a> is an instance of one of the three <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3DIuwO0OQdeFmbzex52KAQ" class="cyc_term">MilitaryMinorTerrainType</a>s: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rt7QVxgMwQdiJvtc6JMmHjA" class="cyc_term">Draw_Topographical</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwtsucgS_QdiL569CBsixZg" class="cyc_term">Spur_Topographical</a>, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a>. minor terrain feature MinorTerrainFeature geography-topic An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQsP1F2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Topic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rgQuFAV2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">Geography_Topic</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a> which (in some significant sense) has to do with the topic of geography. Geography-Topic natural feature type NaturalFeatureType <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which naturally occur on the surface of the Earth. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for feature types which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString high ground TerrainHighGround A military term and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rsToAdu0OQdeJiPmVIZ9JIw" class="cyc_term">TerrainTypeBySurfaceLevel</a>. The central feature point of high ground terrain (e.g. the hilltop of a hill) is typically higher in altitude than the surrounding terrain. This need not always be true, however, because a hill next to a larger hill would still be considered high ground. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHQ9cu0OQdeFY6cQCWHUBA" class="cyc_term">TerrainHighGround</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjTtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Place</a>s that require one to traverse a positive slope in order to reach the central feature point. From a tactical standpoint, it is typically assumed that instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwHQ9cu0OQdeFY6cQCWHUBA" class="cyc_term">TerrainHighGround</a> enhance observation. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff Wall-Vertical A planar object or surface that is by definition vertical. May have one or two sides; Two sides walls include stone walls; Great Wall of China. One sides walls include cliffs, `the walls in my office'. Why talk about the latter as one-sided when such walls have two sides? Well, identifying a unique surface facilitates identifying which surface we are talking about when we say, 'the wall of my office is convex'). vertical wall A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. Cliff cliff minor terrain type Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4r3DIuwO0OQdeFmbzex52KAQ" class="cyc_term">MilitaryMinorTerrainType</a> are types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>s that are explicitly defined in military documentation as 'minor terrain features.' These are: Draw, Spur and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/2008/06/10/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a>. MilitaryMinorTerrainType